Wear resistance and hardness properties of TiB2– Fe coating developed on AISI 1020 steel by tungsten inert gas (TIG) cladding

The present work is attempted to improve the microhardness and wear properties of AISI 1020 steel by depositing TiB₂–Fe composite coating using tungsten inert gas (TIG) cladding. In this study, different compositions of TiB₂–Fe paste form were preplaced on the substrate plates and then TIG heat input was applied to deposit hard composite coating layer. The main objective of the present work was to explore the influence of TIG input current as well as iron content on the microstructure and surface properties of deposited coatings. Microhardness, microstructural and phase characterization of the coating have been done by the Vickers microhardness tester, scanning electron microscope (SEM), Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffractrometer (XRD). The results showed that the microhardness of the TiB₂–Fe coating was strongly influenced by the composition of the coating materials as well as the TIG processing current. The microhardness increases with decreasing Fe contents in the coating materials with constant processing current (90 A) as well as it also increases with decreasing processing current with the fixed composition of coating materials (80TiB₂–20Fe). The maximum average microhardness found was 3082 HV_0.1 for the coating of 100TiB₂–0Fe composition ratio and 90 A processing current which was about 18 times higher than that of the substrate average microhardness value (163 HV_0.1). Average wear rate evaluated by considering weight loss of the TIG cladded samples using pin on disc tribometer by the sliding distance of 864 m and 20 N normal loads. The wear results also showed that the coating contains 100 wt% of TiB₂ (0 wt% of Fe) exhibited lower rate of wear 6.74 × 10^?8 g/Nm which is about 24 times lower as compared to AISI 1020 mild steel wear rate (166.31 × 10^?8 g/Nm).     

Friction stir welding of API X70 steel incorporating Ti-dioxide

In the present work, the microstructural evolution and hardness of HSLA X70 joined by friction stir welding were investigated. The FSW was applied to HSLA X70 with and without the addition of titanium dioxide (TiO₂) powders. To evaluate the microstructural features and hardness of different weld zones, optical microscopy and Vickers microhardness measurements were applied. The results show that the distribution of TiO₂ powders is strongly dependent on the applied friction stir processing, which in turn changed significantly the microstructure and hardness profile. In this regard, the optimum stirring action resulted in a homogeneous and fine dispersion of particles leading to the domination of an acicular ferrite phase with a hardness of 370 HV. On the other hand, the lower stirring action resulted in coarse particles as well as the development of the polygonal ferrite structure with a hardness of ～185 HV.     

Fabrication of composites from different carbon content ferrous powders adopting thermomechanical processes

In this research, deep consolidation technique is utilized for processing of low and high carbon content ferrous powders to manufacture composite material. High carbon content ferrous powders were used as reinforcing material. The powder particles were allowed to mix with low carbon content ferrous powders in 50:50 weight percent for fabrication of composites. The composites were heat treated at three different temperatures (i.e., 800°C, 900°C, and 1000°C). The changes in microstructure, microhardness, the grain size, and bonding among powder particles were studied. Refinement of grains was observed and this led to improved hardness enabling the processed material to be used as a suitable composite. Abrasive wear tests were carried out using a laboratory tribometer in dry reciprocating sliding contact against Sic abrasive paper. The outcomes demonstrate that the abrasive wear resistance was notably affected by the treatment temperature and hardness of the composites.     

Microstructural and Tribological Behavior of Pulse Electroplated Nickel Barrier on Copper Conductors

The microstructural, mechanical, and tribological behaviors of electroplated Ni on Cu conducting substrates have been investigated in this study. The microstructural studies were performed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed that initially (111) with (220), (200) Ni texture components were predominant in the coating, and increasing the current density from 0.1 to 0.5 A/cm² led to the development of a strong (111) texture. The presence of ultrafine grains coupled with a (111) Ni texture improved the coating microhardness and wear properties significantly. It was shown that with an increase in current density, wear resistance of the coatings improved significantly and the electrical resistivity increased due to the highly populated grain boundaries.     

Investigation of non-isothermal crystallization,dynamic mechanical and dielectric properties of poly(ether-ketone) matrix composites

ABSTRACT

Poly(ether-ketone)/hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) composites reinforced with micrometer-sized h-BN particles were investigated. The composites exhibited glass transition temperature (T_g) and thermal stability over 160°C and 560°C, respectively. The melting point and peak crystallization temperatures of the composites decreased up to 17°C and 12°C, respectively. The linear CTE of the composites decreased both below and above the T_g. The storage modulus increased with increasing h-BN content at all temperatures (50–250°C). The composites possessed excellent dielectric properties with insignificant dispersion with increasing frequency. Thus, resultant composites are promising candidates for the printed circuit boards/electronic substrates.     

一种用于平面的电火花强化修复装置

研究了一种用于金属平面的电火花强化修复装置。经过SEM照片分析,MM200磨损试验,以及硬度梯度分布综合判断,该装置生成的强化修复层比较完整、有一定厚度,极大改善了零件表面的硬度和耐磨性。     

稀土含量对Ti6Al4V钛合金等离子渗氮层组织和摩擦学性能的影响

目的研究稀土含量对Ti6Al4V钛合金表面等离子体渗氮层结构和性能的影响。方法运用等离子表面改性技术对Ti6Al4V(TC4)钛合金进行等离子渗氮处理,渗氮过程中通入不同含量的稀土作为催渗剂,以获得钛合金表面强化层。利用金相显微镜和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察渗氮层组织,用X射线衍射仪(XRD)分析渗层相组成,用能谱仪(EDS)检测渗层的化学成分,用维氏显微硬度计测量渗层的显微硬度,用球-盘式摩擦磨损试验机和三维轮廓仪检测渗层的摩擦磨损性能。结果TC4钛合金表面等离子渗氮层结构包括表面化合物层(主要成分为δ-TiN)和扩散层(主要为N原子扩散形成的N-Ti固溶体),加入稀土可以促进N原子向基体的扩散,提高渗氮速度。渗层厚度增加,硬度和耐磨性能提高,扩散层使钛合金基体与化合物层之间的硬度梯度更加平缓。当稀土通入速率为60 mL/min时,渗层厚度可达155μm,表面硬度为1275HV0.05,摩擦系数降到0.27,磨损率明显降低。结论钛合金等离子渗氮过程中加入稀土可以有效提高渗速,改善渗氮层硬度,提高材料表面的耐磨性能。     

喷丸对25CrNi2MoV钢滚动接触疲劳性能的影响

目的提高25CrNi2MoV钢的滚动接触疲劳性能。方法对25CrNi2MoV钢进行表面喷丸处理,并采用3D形貌仪、光学显微镜、显微硬度仪、X射线应力分析仪与滚动接触疲劳试验机等仪器,对试样表面形貌、表面显微组织、显微硬度、表面残余压应力与滚动接触疲劳性能等进行测试分析。结果与未处理试样相比,经喷丸处理后,试样表面形貌由磨削加工槽型向酒窝状的弹坑转变,表面粗糙度增大,表面显微硬度由503HV0.2增大到577HV0.2,增加了14.7%,表面残余压应力由-90.0 MPa增大到-758.0 MPa。当喷丸强度为0.445 mmA时,试样具有最好的滚动接触疲劳寿命,其额定寿命(L10)、中值寿命(L50)、特征寿命(L63.2)分别为4.973×10^6次、6.578×10^6次和6.945×10^6次,分别是未处理试样对应寿命的11.1倍、7.3倍和7.0倍,试样滚动接触疲劳失效形式主要为疲劳剥落。当喷丸强度为0.596 mmA时,试样表面出现微裂纹,导致滚动接触疲劳寿命降低,此时试样疲劳失效形式主要为点蚀与疲劳剥落。未处理试样疲劳失效形式主要为分层。结论喷丸处理能细化试样表层晶粒组织,增大试样表面粗糙度、表面硬度与表面残余压应力。合适强度的喷丸处理可以抑制试样表面与次表面裂纹的萌生与扩展,显著提高滚动接触疲劳性能。     

T4和T6热处理对Mg-2.5Zn-1.5Ca-0.22Zr合金组织和硬度的影响

采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜和显微硬度仪等研究了T4和T6热处理对Mg-2.5Zn-1.5Ca-0.22Zr镁合金显微组织及硬度的影响。结果表明:Mg-2.5Zn-1.5Ca-0.22Zr镁合金经T4热处理之后,网状结构的β-Ca2Mg6Zn3相逐渐分解并转变为不规则的团聚的块状结构,MgZn2相逐渐溶解于α-Mg基体中,硬度比铸态时显著提高,达到63.87 HV;经过不同时间的T6热处理之后,MgZn2相从α-Mg基体中重新析出,球状的Mg2Ca中间化合物均匀的分布于晶粒内且发生明显长大。随着时效时间的延长,MgZn2相增多,对位错的钉扎增强,合金的硬度提高,在"峰时效"时的硬度达到64.97 HV。410℃×24 h固溶处理后150℃×8 h时效处理为Mg-2.5Zn-1.5Ca-0.22Zr镁合金的最佳热处理工艺。     

直接激光沉积Al2O3增强NiCrAlY涂层的微观组织及力学性能

目的改善NiCrAlY涂层微观组织并提高其力学性能。方法采用直接激光沉积方法制备100%NiCrAlY、NiCrAlY+10%Al_2O_3和Ni CrAlY+20%Al_2O_3三种样件,分别利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线能量色散谱仪(EDS)、电子探针X射线显微分析仪(EPMA),对不同成分样件进行相组成分析、微观组织观察以及元素组成检测,使用维式显微硬度测试计和万能摩擦磨损试验机,分别检测各个涂层的显微硬度和摩擦系数。结果在NiCrAlY中添加Al_2O_3后,Al_2O_3以不规则形状或球形分布在晶内或者晶界处,其尺寸小于2μm。三种复合涂层样件均由γ-Ni和β-NiAl相组成,添加Al_2O_3陶瓷颗粒后,涂层一次枝晶臂间距均减小,且Ni-Y相显著减少,Y2O3陶瓷颗粒弥散分布在基体的晶内与晶界处。NiCrAlY、NiCrAlY+10%Al_2O_3和NiCrAlY+20%Al_2O_3涂层的平均硬度分别为(440.69±30)HV0.2、(482.18±30)HV0.2和(453.09±20)HV0.2,100%NiCrAlY、NiCrAlY+10%Al_2O_3和NiCrAlY+20%Al_2O_3涂层的摩擦系数分别为0.77、0.55和0.52。结论加入Al_2O_3后,基体晶粒有一定程度的细化。在晶粒细化作用以及陶瓷颗粒弥散作用下,涂层的显微硬度有所提高,其中NiCrAlY+10%Al_2O_3的硬度最高,相比NiCrAlY基体提高了约9.5%。此外,发现添加Al_2O_3后,NiCrAlY+10%Al_2O_3和NiCrAlY+20%Al_2O_3样件的摩擦系数比NiCrAlY样件下降均超过25%,其中NiCrAlY+10%Al_2O_3样件的磨损量最小,相对于NiCrAlY涂层下降了近13.5%,耐磨性明显改善。