Features of crystal structures and thermo-mechanical properties of weberites RE3NbO7 (RE=La,Nd, Sm,Eu, Gd) ceramics

The features of crystal structures, thermo-mechanical properties and their dominant mechanisms of weberites RE₃NbO₇ were studied as high-temperature oxides. We concentrated on connections between structures and thermo-mechanical properties, the influences of bond lengths, lattice distortion degrees and microstructures on these properties were estimated. The shortening of bond length and increment of bonding strength would lead to the increase of mechanical properties. The Vickers hardness (4.5-7.8 GPa) and toughness (0.5-1.6 MPa·m^1/2) of weberites RE₃NbO₇ are enhanced by grain refinement and increment of bond strength, while crystal structures, bond lengths, and lattice distortion degrees influenced their Young's modulus (100-170 GPa). Nano-indentation was applied to test the influence of microstructures on modulus and hardness. The dominant mechanisms for mechanical properties and thermal conductivity were proposed, which was conducive to properties tailoring and engineering applications of weberites RE₃NbO₇ oxides.     

基于应变梯度理论的光栅铝膜本构关系表征及纳米压痕实验

基于应变梯度理论,提出了一种玻璃基底光栅铝膜本构关系的表征方法。建立了包含基底参数和铝膜参数的本构关系数学模型,并逐一表征了相关参数。进行了79g/mm中阶梯光栅铝膜的纳米压痕实验,验证了上述本构关系表征过程的正确性。提出了光栅薄膜材料和基底材料都具有尺度效应的假设,并应用纳米压痕实验对铝膜的尺度效应和基底效应进行了实验表征。对光栅铝膜压痕实验与含基底压深实验的结果进行了比较,结果显示,在有无基底条件下,压痕结果在应力方向上相差0.8倍,在应变方向上相差3倍。进行了光栅刻划实验,结果显示压痕实验对刻划实验具有重要的指导作用。研究过程及研究结果表明:理论分析和两种实验可有效地分析光栅刻划过程,有助于在实际光栅刻划过程中减小误差,对光栅刻划的工艺过程具有较好的理论指导意义。     

Evaluation of microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-xCe-0.5Zn alloys by nano-indentation

The microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-xCe-0.5Zn(x=0.5,1.5,2.5,molar fraction,%) alloys were examined using a nano-indentation technique.The alloys were fabricated using a vacuum induction melting method under an argon atmosphere. The microstructures of Mg-xCe-0.5Zn alloys mainly consist ofα-Mg and eutectic Mg12Ce phase.The volume fraction and size of the eutectic Mg12Ce phase increase with increasing Ce contents.Nano-indentation test results show that the indentation hardness and elastic modulus of the eutectic Mg12Ce phase are higher than those of theα-Mg matrix.In addition,the mean indentation hardness and elastic modulus of the Mg-xCe-0.5Zn alloys increase with the Ce addition amount increasing.     

Positron annihilation and nano-indentation analysis of irradiation effects on the microstructure and hardening of A508-3 steels used in Chinese HTGR

The irradiation and annealing behavior of Chinese A508-3 reactor pressure vessel (RPV) steel (0.04 wt% Cu) after 3 MeV Fe-ion irradiation ranging from 0.1 to 20 dpa at room temperature (called RTRPV) and high temperature (250?°C, called HTRPV) was studied by positron annihilation Doppler broadening (PADB) spectroscopy and nano-indentation hardness. PADB showed that the density of vacancy-type defects was higher for low-temperature irradiations. The higher hardness was found after high-temperature irradiation because of the formation of solute clusters during irradiation. Positron annihilation measurements revealed the interaction and clustering of vacancies with solute clusters which were introduced by Fe-ion irradiation. For both RTRPVs and HTRPVs, the positron defect parameter and positron diffusion length showed the recovery of the irradiation-induced defects. Total recovery was observed after annealing at 450 °C.     

纳米压痕理论在残余应力检测方面的技术进展

介绍了纳米压痕理论以及2种典型的测量残余应力的理论模型,这2种模型都假设表面存在等双轴残余应力。其中Suresh和A．E．Giannakopoulos模型测量残余应力是由存在残余应力时和没有残余应力时的接触面积之比来确定;随后Y．H．Lee和D．Kwon对该模型进行了修正,根据载荷与硬度的对应关系,将接触面积转换成载荷的函数;最后的残余应力计算仅与载荷有关。本文还详细综述了用纳米压痕理论检测残余应力的应用实例,最后提出用纳米压痕技术检测残余应力的可能性还有待更深入的研究。     

Ti-Mo-Zr-Fe合金的微观结构与纳米压入特性的关系

通过不同的热处理制度控制TMZF合金中的相组成和含量，利用XRD分析确定各种相结构。利用纳米压入测量仪测试了不同组织结构下的硬度和弹性模量。结果表明，当合金中存在ω相时，合金的的硬度和弹性模量最高，随着热处理温度的提高，合金中的ω相消失，代之而来的是α相，而且越接近β转变温度，α相含量越少，对应的弹性模量和硬度越来越低。对于Ti—Mo—Zr-Fe合金来说压入性能（硬度、弹性模量）与相成分之间存在着良好的匹配关系。     

钢中特征区域在不同设备间的重现观察

利用多台检测设备对钢中同一特征区域进行表征时,不同设备间的样品台兼容性问题会对特征区域的重现观察及测试造成影响。实验通过设备间的坐标转换和程序界面化显示,以钢中夹杂物作为特征区域,展示了在光学显微镜(OM)和扫描电镜(SEM)、扫描电镜和纳米压痕仪等设备间的重现观察及测试技术。结果显示,钢水样中3类夹杂物的纳米硬度分别为:Al₂O₃类夹杂物0.14GPa,Si-Ca-O类夹杂物8.83GPa,Si-O类夹杂物8.01GPa。同时,根据不同放大倍数下的最大允许偏移量和特征点坐标偏差的算术平均值,评价了这种重现观察技术的定位误差限:坐标偏差x方向小于33μm,y方向小于55μm。在设备转换时,特征区域定位速度快,位置精度高,且与样品台的移动能力相匹配,说明方法具有较好的实用性和设备通用性。     

表面纳米化40Cr钢的组织特征

采用超音速微粒轰击方法对40Cr调质钢进行了表面纳米化处理。X射线衍射、透射电子显微镜和纳米压痕试验结果表明，表面纳米化层深达20μm，平均纳米压痕硬度比纳米化前提高2倍以上，达到8．0GPa。在表面纳米化试样表面至250μm的区域内存在残余压应力，最大残余压应力位于表面纳米化层与过渡区的分界线附近。     

熔石英元件抛光加工表面残余应力的计算方法

为解决传统检测方法无法直接定量检测非晶体熔石英玻璃表面残余应力的问题,基于脆性固体断裂力学理论,推导残余应力的理论计算公式,提出光学元件抛光加工表面残余应力计算新方法.采用尖锐压头进行纳米印压实验,提取压痕过程中对残余应力敏感的参数,并对实验数据进行线性拟合,确定拟合线的斜率,通过测量残余应力引起其他物理参数的变化计算残余应力.对比分析结果表明,计算得到残余应力值与应力双折射仪检测得到的数据基本吻合,验证了提出残余应力计算方法的正确性.     

单晶铜纳米压印亚表层晶体结构演变机理

为研究纳米压印中单晶铜亚表层晶体结构演变机理,采用分子动力学方法构建纳米压印仿真模型并模拟单晶铜纳米压印过程。采用改进的中心对称参数法分析单晶铜试件位错形核过程及缺陷演化机理,发现纳米压印时位错缺陷在压头下方形核并沿{1 1 1}滑移系向试件内部扩展形成堆垛层错,试件表面有原子台阶残留,试件亚表面损伤层存在V形位错等典型缺陷。针对位错形核区域及位错扩展区域材料晶体结构状态的识别,采用球谐函数法对模拟结果进行分析。由分析结果可知:位错形核区域材料晶体结构由FCC转变为排列更为紧密的HCP和ICO结构;位错扩展区域材料主要转变为DFCC结构。