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1.
Nickel selenide electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) with a high efficiency and a low-cost have a significant potential in the development of water splitting. However, the inferiority of the high overpotential and poor stability restricts their practical applications. Herein, a composite nanostructure consists of ultrasmall NiSe2 nanocrystals embedded on graphene by microwave reaction is reported. The prepared NiSe2/reduced graphite oxide (rGO) electrocatalyst exhibited a high HER activity with an overpotential of 158 mV at a current density of 10 mA/cm2 and a corresponding moderate Tafel slope of 56 mV/dec in alkaline electrolyte. In addition, a high retention of electrochemical properties (approximately 100%) was demonstrated with an unchangeable microstructure after 100 h of continuous operation.  相似文献   
2.
An analysis has been carried out to examine the heat and mass transfer properties of a two-dimensional incompressible electrically conducting Maxwell fluid over a stretching sheet in the existence of Soret, Dufour, and nanoparticles. In many practical scenarios, such as the polymer extrusion process, the problem presented here is crucial. The flow is examined in terms of the impacts of magnetohydrodynamics and elasticity. Brownian motion and thermophoresis are incorporated into the transport equations. Using adequate similarity variables, the governing partial differential equations and related boundary conditions are non-dimensionalized. The fourth–fifth-order Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg procedure is utilized to solve the consequent transformed ordinary differential equations. The effects of various embedded thermo-physical parameters on the fluid velocity, temperature, concentration, Nusselt number, and Sherwood number have been determined and discussed quantitatively. A comparison of a special case of our results with the one previously reported in the literature shows a very good agreement. An increase in the values of Du and Sr leads to an increase in the temperature and concentration distribution. Nusselt number estimates decrease as Nb estimations increase. Furthermore, this study leads to the study of different flows of electrically conducting fluid over a stretching sheet problem that includes the two-dimensional nonlinear boundary equations.  相似文献   
3.
本研究以微纳木质纤维素纸基材料作为载体,木质素作为还原剂和封端剂,制备了具有“三明治”结构的纸基钯纳米粒子复合催化材料,并分析讨论了其对六价铬离子(Cr6+)的催化还原性能。结果表明,钯纳米粒子(Pd NPs)的尺寸随木质素含量增多而减小,木质素含量为3.07%时,Pd NPs的负载量达0.50%,同时其对Cr6+的催化效率也达到最佳效果,可在8 min内实现Cr6+到Cr3+完全降解转化;经过5次循环使用,催化效率仍达99%以上;通过热压提升材料的整体结合强度,可使其表现出良好的稳定性和可重复使用性。  相似文献   
4.
A high-throughput (105.5 g/h) passive four-stage asymmetric oscillating feedback microreactor using chaotic mixing mechanism was developed to prepare aggregated Barium sulfate (BaSO4) particles of high primary nanoparticle size uniformity. Three-dimensional unsteady simulations showed that chaotic mixing could be induced by three unique secondary flows (i.e., vortex, recirculation, and oscillation), and the fluid oscillation mechanism was examined in detail. Simulations and Villermaux–Dushman experiments indicate that almost complete mixing down to molecular level can be achieved and the prepared BaSO4 nanoparticles were with narrow primary particle size distribution (PSD) having geometric standard deviation, σg, less than 1.43 when the total volumetric flow rate Qtotal was larger than 10 ml/min. By selecting Qtotal and reactant concentrations, average primary particle size can be controlled from 23 to 109 nm as determined by microscopy. An average size of 26 nm with narrow primary PSD (σg = 1.22) could be achieved at Qtotal of 160 ml/min.  相似文献   
5.
Hydrogen adsorption performance and mechanism upon cycling of the upscaled Ni-doped hierarchical carbon scaffold (HCS) are investigated. Upon 22 hydrogen ad/desorption cycles (T = 25–50 °C and p (H2) = 1–50 bar), the upscaled Ni-doped HCS shows excellent cycling stability with gravimetric capacity of up to 1.51 wt % H2. This is due to mechanical stability of HCS and good distribution of Ni nanoparticles. Hydrogen adsorption mechanism of Ni-doped HCS upon cycling is experimentally and theoretically characterized. Besides dissociative adsorption onto the surface, hydrogen diffusion into the lattice structure of Ni is observed. The latter enhances with the number of ad/desorption cycles and alters the electron sharing mechanisms between Ni and H during adsorption.  相似文献   
6.
硒是人体必需的微量元素之一,但由于其安全域值较低,极易导致硒中毒。研究发现,硒化多糖和纳米硒有更高的安全性和生物活性,是理想的补硒制剂。本研究以黄牛肝菌伞多糖(polysaccharides from Suillellus luridus,SLPC)为原料制备硒化黄牛肝菌伞多糖(selenide polysaccharides from Suillellus luridus,Se-SLPC)和纳米硒-黄牛肝菌伞多糖(nano-selenium-polysaccharides from Suillellus luridus,SLPC-SeNPs),比较硒化修饰前后多糖的理化性质和结构特性,观察SLPC-SeNPs的表面形貌并测定其稳定性,同时,评价两种富硒多糖的抗氧化活性。结果表明,Se-SLPC的硒含量为1.62 mg/g,是由半乳糖、葡萄糖和甘露糖组成的多糖,平均分子质量8.2 kDa,核磁共振分析显示取代反应发生在C4和糖苷键连接位点C3处。SLPC-SeNPs粒径为55.46 nm,表面呈均匀球状,在4 ℃下能稳定保持至少80 d。此外,Se-SLPC和SLPC-SeNPs的抗氧化活性均明显高于SLPC。本研究可为研发安全高效的补硒制剂提供理论支撑。  相似文献   
7.
为了解决氟硼荧类染料(BODIPY)在肿瘤诊断中吸收波长短、水溶性和生物相容性差的问题,设计开发了2种吸收波长达到近红外区的BODIPY分子,并通过与DSPE-PEG2000-MAL-RGD(PC-RGD)自组装形成具有良好水溶性和生物相容性的纳米粒子。研究了纳米粒子的荧光成像能力,结果表明:单取代分子3a和双取代分子3b的荧光发射波长分别达到了650和775 nm,且双取代分子3b表现出更大的斯托克斯位移,这是由于其具有更高的共轭程度。另外包裹后的纳米粒子表现出良好水溶性和生物相容性,为其作为肿瘤诊断的荧光探针提供了基础。  相似文献   
8.
The importance of gold and silver nanoparticles in the blood flow has immense applications in biomedicine for the treatment of cancer disease and wound treatment due to their large atomic number and antimicrobial property. The current study deals with the magnetohydrodynamic and electroosmotic radiative peristaltic Jeffrey nanofluid (blood–silver/gold) flow with the effect of slip and convective boundary conditions in the nonsymmetric vertical channel. The nondimensional governing equations have been solved analytically and the exact solutions have been presented for velocity, temperature, shear stress, trapping, entropy generation, pressure gradient and heat transfer coefficient. The pictorial representations have been prepared for the flow quantities with respect to fluid flow parameters of interest. It is noticed from the current study that the gold-based nanofluids exhibit higher velocity than silver-based nanofluids. Enhancement of thermal radiation decreases the total entropy generation. The size of the tapered bolus decreases with the enhancement of magnetic field strength. The present model is applicable in designing pharmacodynamic pumps and drug delivery systems.  相似文献   
9.
《Ceramics International》2022,48(9):12537-12548
Enhancing the electrical conductivity of electrode materials via a cationic substitution strategy was recognized as an effective way of improving the electrochemical performance of Li-ion batteries. Thus, LixCa1-xFe2O4 nanoparticles were synthesized via a facile inexpensive process at low temperature. XRD peaks refer to the formation of an orthorhombic structure with the Pnma space group. HR-TEM investigations reveal orthorhombic-like shape for pure CaFe2O4, nanoplatelet-like morphology for Li0.05Ca0.95Fe2O4 and irregular distorted crystals for Li0.1Ca0.9Fe2O4. Voids and pores in Li-doped CaFe2O4 were confirmed by FESEM and BET measurements. XPS spectra of O1s prove that Li-doped CaFe2O4 have higher conductivity due to the created lattice defects and oxygen species. Li-doped CaFe2O4 anodes exhibit great improvement in their initial discharge capacities ~1219 and 1606 mAhg?1 upon substitution of Ca with 5% and 10% Li, respectively. Furthermore, 10% Li-doped CaFe2O4 anode displays the highest Li-ions diffusion coefficient and exchange current density due to the enhanced Li+ ions mobility. Moreover, the DC activation energies for the LixCa1-xFe2O4 nanoparticles decreased with increasing Li content.  相似文献   
10.
The LaCo0.94Pt0.06O3 catalyst is reduced under 5% H2/Ar at different temperatures to get Pt/LaCoO3 with high catalytic activity for soot oxidation. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller method (BET), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), H2-temperature programmed reduction (H2-TPR), O2-temperature programmed desorption (O2-TPD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were used to study the physicochemical properties of the catalyst. SEM and TEM results indicate that Pt nanoparticles (<10 nm) are grown homogeneously on the surface of the LaCoO3 matrix after in-situ reduction. XRD shows that the reduced catalyst has a high symmetrical structure. TGA results indicate that all reduced catalysts exhibit an excellent activity, especially the catalyst reduced at 350 °C (T10 = 338 °C, T50 = 393 °C, T90 = 427 °C). And perovskite is the primary active component. According to XPS study, the high symmetrical structure benefits the mobility of oxygen vacancy, and Pt nanoparticles induce the oxygen vacancy to move to its adjacent situation, resulting in more adsorbed oxygen on the surface of the reduced catalyst and increasing the activity. The possible reaction principle is also proposed.  相似文献   
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