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1.
姬梅梅  朱时珍  马壮 《表面技术》2021,50(1):253-266
高温合金材料凭借其优异的综合性能而广泛应用于航空航天领域热端部件.近年来,随着航空航天技术的不断发展,飞行器的热端部件正逐渐面临着更为严峻和复杂的服役环境,因此对高温合金的耐高温、抗氧化等使用性能提出了更高的要求.表面涂层技术由于具有约束条件少、可设计性强、技术类型和材料的选择空间大、经济环保等优点,成为目前最常用的热防护技术手段之一,具有广阔的应用前景和良好的发展潜力.综述了热障涂层、抗氧化涂层材料的研究进展,主要包括YSZ、稀土锆酸盐、稀土六铝酸盐、氧化物、金属间化合物等,并在此基础上探讨了多种热防护涂层的制备方法、工作原理、适用范围.  相似文献   
2.
In this study, a kind of Ni-based superalloy specially designed for additive manufacturing (AM) was investigated. Thermo-Calc simulation and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis were used to determine phases and their transformation temperature. Experimental specimens were prepared by laser metal deposition (LMD) and traditional casting method. Microstructure, phase constitution and mechanical properties of the alloy were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission scanning electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and tensile tests. The results show that this alloy contains two basic phases, γ/γ', in addition to these phases, at least two secondary phases may be present, such as MC carbides and Laves phases. Furthermore, the as-deposited alloy has finer dendrite, its mean primary dendrite arm space (PDAS) is about 30-45 μm, and the average size of γ' particles is 100-150 nm. However, the dendrite size of the as-cast alloy is much larger and its PDAS is 300-500 μm with secondary and even third dendrite arms. Correspondingly, the alloy displays different tensile behavior with different processing methods, and the as-deposited specimen shows better ultimate tensile stress (1,085.7±51.7 MPa), yield stress (697±19.5 MPa) and elongation (25.8%±2.2%) than that of the as-cast specimen. The differences in mechanical properties of the alloy are due to the different morphology and size of dendrites, γ', and Laves phase, and the segregation of elements, etc. Such important information would be helpful for alloy application as well as new alloy development.  相似文献   
3.
The uniform refinement mechanisms and methods of deformed mixed and coarse grains inside a solution-treatment Ni-based superalloy during two-stage annealing treatment have been investigated.The two-stage heat treatment experiments include an aging annealing treatment(AT)and a subsequent recrystallization annealing treatment(RT).The object of AT is to precipitate some δ phases and consume part of storage energy to inhibit the grain growth during RT,while the RT is to refine mixed and coarse grains by recrystallization.It can be found that the recrystallization grains will quickly grow up to a large size when the AT time is too low or the RT temperature is too high,while the deformed coarse grains cannot be eliminated when the AT time is too long or the RT temperature is too low.In addition,the mixed microstructure composed of some abnormal coarse recrystallization grains(ACRGs)and a large number of fine grains can be observed in the annealed specimen when the AT time is 3 h and RT tem-perature is 980℃.The phenomenon attributes to the uneven distribution of δ phase resulted from the heterogeneous deformation energy when the AT time is too short.In the regions with a large number of δ phases,the recrystallization nucleation rate is promoted and the growth of grains is limited,which results in fine grains.However,in the regions with few δ phases,the recrystallization grains around grain boundaries can easily grow up,and the new recrystallization nucleus is difficult to form inside grain,which leads to ACRGs.Thus,in order to obtain uniform and fine annealed microstructure,it is a prereq-uisite to precipitate even-distributed δ phase by choosing a suitable AT time,such as 12 h.Moreover,a relative high RT temperature is also needed to promote the recrystallization nucleation around δ phase.The optimal annealing parameters range for uniformly refining mixed crystal can be summarized as:900℃×12 h+990℃×(40-60 min)and 900℃×12 h+1000℃×(10-15 min).  相似文献   
4.
激光选区熔化(SLM)成型的IN718高温合金,存在高温强度及韧性无法兼得的难题。针对此问题,通过Double Doelhert设计矩阵优化IN718的激光3D打印参数,研究不同热处理制度与IN718力学性能的关系。结果表明:通过参数调控,可使SLM成型试样的致密度达到99.9%;通过采用创新性开发的固溶+短时双时效后处理制度,可获得高强、高韧的激光3D打印IN718合金,其力学性能全面达到锻件的技术指标。该办法为SLM成型IN718合金组织调控提供了新思路,新型后处理制度可广泛应用于SLM成型的航空发动机零件。  相似文献   
5.
针对金属蜂窝芯存在的薄壁多孔、各向异性、面内弱刚性、径向强度小等加工难题,提出了高温合金蜂窝芯冰固持低损伤加工方法。分析了金属蜂窝芯冰固持装夹原理,验证了工艺系统的适应性和可靠性。开展了蜂窝芯冰固持超低温冷却加工的单因素试验,阐明了蜂窝芯加工缺陷形成规律。试验结果表明:在金属蜂窝芯加工中引入冰固持超低温冷却的装夹和加工方式,可降低切削热,实现加工过程中的固持约束保持,从而提高蜂窝壁抵抗变形的能力;切削参数中进给速度对加工质量影响最大,加工缺陷中撕裂毛刺占比最高,采用最优切削参数进行加工可保证低损伤、低粗糙度、无变形的良好加工质量,可实现难加工金属蜂窝芯的高质高效加工。  相似文献   
6.
罗欢  张定华  罗明 《中国机械工程》2021,32(22):2647-2666
航空制造领域因轻量化、强度等特殊的应用需求,大量使用钛合金、镍基合金等难切削材料,刀具磨损速率快,刀具过度磨损会影响产品质量,在保证产品质量的前提下,为了充分发挥刀具使用价值,亟需监测刀具磨损状态和预测刀具剩余寿命。针对刀具剩余寿命预测的定义、分类和主要预测方法进行了阐述,同时,刀具磨损监测作为刀具寿命预测的基础和先决条件,简述了其重要的流程和常见模型。刀具剩余寿命预测模型主要包括基于物理模型的预测、基于数据驱动的预测和混合预测三大类,对不同预测方法的优缺点和适用场景进行总结,并讨论了刀具剩余寿命预测的未来研究方向。  相似文献   
7.
本文针对超瞬态凝固增材制造梯度整体涡轮叶盘高温合金叶片用合金粉末特性开展研究。根据合金的承温能力和JMatPro相平衡计算结果,选用DZ4125作为叶片材料,K418作为叶盘轮缘部位材料。采用真空感应熔炼氩气雾化制粉(VIGA)制备DZ4125高温合金粉末,筛分至53-105μm粒度范围,采用采用差示扫描量热分析(DSC)、场发射扫描电镜(FESEM)和能谱(EDS)、激光粒度仪、动态图像粒度粒形分析仪以及综合粉体性能测试仪对DZ4125高温合金粉末的相变温度、显微组织、析出相成分、元素偏析行为、粒度、粒形、松装密度、振实密度和流动性进行系统表征。结果表明:DZ4125比K418合金的固液凝固温度范围宽,过渡区DZ4125+K418混合成分合金其液相线温度和MC碳化物开始析出温度介于两种合金之间,γ′开始析出温度与两种合金相当。DZ4125合金粉末形貌主要为球形和近球形,表面和截面显微组织主要呈树枝晶结构。所含元素中偏析倾向较强的元素有Hf、Ta、Ti、Mo和W,而偏析倾向弱的元素包括Ni、Co、Cr和Al。粉末内部枝晶间区分布有细小的MC碳化物,尺寸约为200nm。激光衍射和动态图像分析法测得的DZ4125粉末粒度值接近,中位径D50分别为70.2μm和72.8μm。动态图像法测得DZ4125合金粉末具有较好的球形度,SPHT和b/l均值分别为0.91和0.86。所选DZ4125高温合金粉末具有较好的松装密度、振实密度和流动性,其松装和振实密度分别达到合金理论密度的52%和63%,压缩度为17.7%,且粉末具有较好的流动性(20.79 s?(50 g)-1)。  相似文献   
8.

K416B Ni-based superalloy with high W content has good high temperature properties and low cost, which has a great development potential. To investigate the room temperature tensile property and the deformation feature of K416B superalloy, tensile testing at room temperature was carried out, and optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to analyze the deformation and damage mechanisms. Results show that the main room temperature tensile deformation features of the K416B nickel-based superalloy are dislocations slipping in the matrix and shearing into γ′ phase. The <110> super-dislocations shearing into γ′ phase can form the anti-phase boundary two coupled (a/2)<110> partial-dislocations or decompose into the configuration of two (a/3)<112> partial dislocations plus stacking fault. In the later stage of tensile testing, the slip-lines with different orientations are activated in the grain, causing the stress concentration in the regions of block carbide or the porosity, and cracks initiate and propagate along these regions.

  相似文献   
9.
The effects of joining temperature (TJ) and time (tJ) on microstructure of the transient liquid phase (TLP) bonding of GTD-111 superalloy were investigated. The bonding process was applied using BNi-3 filler at temperatures of 1080, 1120, and 1160 °C for isothermal solidification time of 195, 135, and 90 min, respectively. Homogenization heat treatment was also applied to all of the joints. The results show that intermetallic and eutectic compounds such as Ni-rich borides, Ni−B−Si ternary compound and eutectic-γ continuously are formed in the joint region during cooling. By increasing tJ, intermetallic phases are firstly reduced and eventually eliminated and isothermal solidification is completed as well. With the increase of the holding time at all of the three bonding temperatures, the thickness of the athermally solidified zone (ASZ) and the volume fraction of precipitates in the bonding area decrease and the width of the diffusion affected zone (DAZ) increases. Similar results are also obtained by increasing TJ from 1080 to 1160 °C at tJ=90 min. Furthermore, increasing the TJ from 1080 to 1160 °C leads to the faster elimination of intermetallic phases from the ASZ. However, these phases are again observed in the joint region at 1180 °C. It is observed that by increasing the bonding temperature, the bonding width and the rate of dissolution of the base metal increase. Based on these results, increasing the homogenization time from 180 to 300 min leads to the elimination of boride precipitates in the DAZ and a high uniformity of the concentration of alloying elements in the joint region and the base metal.  相似文献   
10.
以一种第四代镍基单晶高温合金为研究对象,采用变截面蠕变试样,在1100℃、43~96 MPa条件下进行200 h蠕变中断实验,利用SEM和TEM观察了微观组织演变规律,利用同步辐射高能XRD和EPMA分析了高温低应力条件下镍基单晶高温合金的蠕变组织演变。结果表明:随着应力的增大,镍基单晶高温合金的γ′相体积分数降低,筏化程度增大且筏排厚度下降,同时,γ相通道宽度逐渐增大,而γ/γ’两相界面位错网间距逐渐减小。固溶强化元素Re、Mo和Cr等在γ相中的富集导致γ/γ’两相错配度绝对值增大。蠕变过程中γ’相体积分数降低和γ’相筏排厚度减小显著降低了合金的强度。另外,位错在γ′相溶解所导致的弯曲相界处的塞积,使位错易于切入γ′相,也是镍基单晶高温合金室温硬度下降的重要原因。  相似文献   
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