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1.
《Ceramics International》2021,47(19):26598-26619
The growing demands for Li-ion batteries (LIBs) in the electrification revolution, require the development of advanced electrode materials. Recently, intercalating titanium niobium oxide (TNO) anode materials with the general formula of TiNbxO2+2.5x have received lots of attention as an alternative to graphite and Li4Ti5O12 commercial anodes. The desirability of this family of compounds stems from their high theoretical capacities (377–402 mAh/g), high safety, high working voltage, excellent cycling stability, and significant pseudocapacitive behavior. However, the rate performance of TNO-based anodes is poor owing to their low electronic and ionic conductivities. TNO-based composites generally are prepared with two aims of enhancing the conductivity of TNO and achieving a synergic effect between the TNO and the other component of the composite. Compositing with carbon matrices, such as graphene and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are the most studied strategy for improving the conductivity of TNO and optimizing its high-rate performance. Also, for obtaining anode materials with high capacity and high long-term stability, the composites of TNO with transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) materials were proposed in previous literature. In this work, a comprehensive review of the TNO-based composites as the anodes for LIBs is presented which summarizes in detail the main recent literature from their synthesis procedure, optimum synthesis parameters, and the obtained morphology/structure to their electrochemical performance as the LIBs anode. Finally, the research gaps and the future perspective are proposed.  相似文献   
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Niobium and tantalum are found together in natural minerals. Leaching with concentrated acid solution or alkaline roasting followed by water/dilute acid leaching results in a solution containing these two metals. In this work, we reviewed the extraction and separation of Nb(V) and Ta(V) from leach liquors in the absence and presence of hydrofluoric acid by acidic, neutral extractants and amines. Several solvent extraction systems were compared in the light of the requirement of hazardous chemicals, extraction/separation efficiency, and stability/solubility of extractants. Since the cationic species of Nb(V) and Ta(V) are unstable in the aqueous solution, the application of acidic extractants for extraction and separation of these metals is limited. Amines can extract Nb(V) as well as Ta(V) irrespective of the presence of fluoride ion but the separation of these metals from the loaded amines should be carried out in stripping process, resulting in process complexity. Another disadvantage encountered for amine is related to high viscosity in extraction process. Neutral extractants are considered as promising extractants which are effective to separate Ta(V) and Nb(V) from either non-fluoride or to moderate fluoride ion concentration in terms of extraction, separation and stripping efficiency. Compared to the traditional methyl iso-butyl ketone (MIBK) based system, methyl isoamyl ketone (MIAK) is found to be a promising extractant to separate Nb(V) and Ta(V).  相似文献   
4.
Rational design of functional interlayer is highly significant in pursuit of high‐performance Li‐S batteries. Herein, a nanocrystalline niobium carbide (NbC) is developed via a facile and scalable autoclave technology, which is, for the first time, employed as the advanced interlayer material for Li‐S batteries. Combining the merits of strong polysulfides (PS) anchoring with high electric conductivity, the NbC‐coated membrane enables efficiently tamed PS shuttling and fast sulfur electrochemistry, achieving outstanding cyclability with negligible capacity fading rate of 0.037% cycle?1 over 1500 cycles, superb rate capability up to 5 C, high areal capacity of 3.6 mA h cm?2 under raised sulfur loading, and reliable operation even in soft‐package cells. This work offers a facile and effective method of promoting Li‐S batteries for practical application.  相似文献   
5.
Micro-Raman light scattering experiments on PbZrO3 (PZO) single crystal doped with Nb5+ have been investigated. Special attention was paid to the paraelectric (PE) phase in which nominally forbidden first-order Raman spectra were detected at temperatures far above the phase transition TC. Complex Raman spectra were observed in the vicinity of three structural phase transitions. These results mainly from the coexistence of phases with different symmetries in a wide temperature range below TC. The Raman measurements have been compared with dielectric and optical observations and proved that polar nanoregions in a centrosymmetric lattice appear well above TC. It was shown that doping ABO3 perovskites with heterovalent ions like Nb5+ unbalances charge neutrality of the lattice and strongly extends the temperature range of polar regions. The investigations performed point out that in the PE matrix the interaction between electrons and lattice vibrations, as recently suggested for pure PZO, plays an important role.  相似文献   
6.
The<100>oriented Fe83Ga17 alloy rods with various NbC contents less than 1at%were prepared by the directional solidification method at a growth rate of 720 mm?h?1. Low NbC-content was found to affect t...  相似文献   
7.
李侠  蒋海明 《中国矿业》2015,24(4):113-116,120
根据铌矿浮选药剂的现状,本文综述了脂肪酸类捕收剂、羟肟酸类捕收剂、膦酸类捕收剂及胂酸类捕收剂与铌矿物作用机理。针对铌矿物捕收剂在捕收能力及选择性等方面存在的问题,提出了对开发新型铌矿物捕收剂的要求。总结了铌矿浮选调整剂的研究现状,指出了脉石矿物有效抑制剂研究是铌矿浮选调整剂研究的重点。对于铌矿的浮选,目前大多数研究是采用传统的化学药剂来改变铌矿物与其它矿物间的可浮性差异,效果仍不理想。本文通过分析含铌矿物的特点,提出了铌矿生物预处理新思路。应用生物预处理对目的矿物和脉石矿物表面进行改性,达到扩大目的矿物与脉石矿物可浮性差异的目的,以实现铌矿物的高效回收。  相似文献   
8.
潘鑫  乔建峰  杨占凤  李净 《矿产勘查》2019,(8):1792-1800
交通社铌钽矿床是阿尔金造山带新发现的铌钽矿床。文章以该矿床为研究对象,通过开展矿床地质特征调查,研究总结矿床地质特征及控矿规律。交通社铌钽矿区划分的4条矿化带,其中Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅳ矿带均为金矿;Ⅲ矿带为铌钽矿,圈出铌钽矿体6条,长200~2640m,厚度为4. 87~12. 35 m,品位(Nb2O5) 0. 016%~0. 034%,矿体受碱长花岗岩控制。矿化蚀变主要有:矽卡岩化、硅化、碳酸盐化和云英岩化,铌钽矿与矽卡岩化、云英岩化关系密切,铌钽矿矿石类型主要有铌铁矿石、钽铁矿石。铌钽矿受碱长花岗岩控制,位于碱长花岗岩与矽卡岩化带附近,铌钽矿体明显增高,矿体向深部具有品位变富厚度变大的趋势,铌钽矿中的铌、钽元素来源于碱长花岗岩,碱长花岗岩为成矿提供物质、能量、流体等多种条件,使矽卡岩化带附近大量的Nb、Ta等稀有、稀土元素在二云母片岩中富集,形成了铌钽富矿体。文章针对矿区的实际情况,提出并分析了找矿标志及找矿潜力,以期取得找矿突破。  相似文献   
9.
采用主要化学成分分析、自动矿物分析系统、偏反光显微镜、场发射扫描电镜、能谱仪等手段对白云鄂博矿区内富钾板岩化学成分、矿物组成以及稀土铌矿物特征等方面进行研究。结果显示,白云鄂博矿区内富钾板岩K2O含量高达13.15%,高SiO2富Al2O3,岩石主要由微斜长石与黑云母组成;富钾板岩中REO与Nb2O5含量分别为0.076%、0.012%,稀土、铌矿物含量低且粒度细小,形态产状多种多样,矿物共生组合与接触关系复杂,指示富钾板岩遭受了后期热液的蚀变改造作用。  相似文献   
10.
采用电子束选区熔化技术制备Nb521合金,研究其致密化成形工艺。通过对成形试样的组织、物相、显微硬度、室温拉伸性能的检测与分析,探讨了电子束选区熔化成形Nb521合金的机理。结果表明,电子束选区熔化成形过程中,电子束熔化电流及速度的合理匹配,是得到表面质量及内部质量优异的成形样品的基础;电子束能量密度为340 J/mm3时,样品的密度达到8.78~8.79 g/cm3; Nb521合金显微组织沿沉积方向呈柱状晶,晶粒沿(200)晶面有较强的择优生长取向;成形样品中除Nb基体相外,还存在少量的Nb2C与Zr C碳化物析出;样品室温抗拉强度达到384 MPa,屈服强度为307 MPa,断后延伸率为16.5%;显微硬度处于1 500~1 700 MPa之间,无各向异性。  相似文献   
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