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1.
Thermal action in extraction process had effects on characteristic tryptic peptides identification and gelling properties of porcine gelatin. SDS-PAGE, HPLC-LTQ/Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry, texture analyser and rheometer were used to evaluate collagen depolymerisation degree, characteristic tryptic peptides and gelling properties of gelatins prepared in various thermal actions. Results showed that with increasing temperature and time, depolymerisation degree enlarged, while gel strength, gelling and melting temperature decreased. Mass spectra showed that 47 and 49 common characteristic tryptic peptides were identified in gelatins extracted at 50 °C and 100 °C with various times, respectively. Moreover, 34 common characteristic tryptic peptides were identified in all gelatin samples. Further comparison between this work and our previous investigations yielded 20 common characteristic tryptic peptides, which stably exist in various thermal actions. These common characteristic tryptic peptides may be very helpful for the accurate authentication of porcine gelatin.  相似文献   
2.
发酵肉制品营养丰富、风味独特,深受广大消费者的喜爱。肉制品在发酵过程中受组织内源酶和微生物共同作用会发生一系列复杂的生物化学变化,其中最重要的是蛋白质降解。蛋白质降解既可以增加肉制品风味物质的种类,又提高了蛋白质的消化率,提升了产品的营养价值,并且蛋白质降解生成的部分肽类物质具有一定的生物活性及生理功能,如抗氧化、抗菌、降血压、提高人体免疫力等,因此对生物活性肽的制备与功能研究具有重要的理论与应用价值。发酵肉制品是生物活性肽的一个良好来源,本文主要综述发酵肉制品中蛋白质降解生成生物活性肽的种类、分离纯化方法及生物活性肽的功能利用,旨在为功能性发酵肉制品的研发和生产提供理论支持。  相似文献   
3.
李姣  苏继磊  陈敏  尹浩 《食品科学》2022,43(4):119-126
为探索马氏珍珠贝肉的水解规律及快速鉴定血管紧张素转化酶(angiotensin-converting enzyme,ACE)抑制活性肽,本研究以不同时间(2、4、6、8、10 h)的酶解物为对象,采用三羟甲基甘氨酸-十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳、分子质量分布、反相高效液相色谱(reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography,RP-HPLC)表征其水解规律。另外,对10 h酶解物进行初步分离纯化,鉴定高活性组分中的肽序列,并采用分子对接的方法对鉴定的肽进行筛选,验证筛选肽的活性,阐释其抑制机理。结果表明,马氏珍珠贝肉在酶解过程中,大分子质量蛋白逐渐水解为小分子肽,在RP-HPLC上出现某一特征峰的富集。初步分离后,发现F2、F3组分具有较高的ACE抑制活性,从这2 个组分中共获得了可信度较高的54 个肽序列。分子对接筛选出6 个潜在的ACE抑制肽,在1 mg/mL时,5 个肽具有不同程度的ACE抑制活性,其中,WFHAVFW和WHAFLW显示了最高的ACE抑制活性,分别为(95.57±0.37)%和(98.59±0.08)%,进一步测定六肽WHAFLW的半抑制浓度(IC50)值,为52.39 μmol/L。分子对接显示肽的抑制机理可能是通过氢键、范德华作用以及Pi-Pi作用形成稳定的肽-酶复合物。本研究既揭示了珍珠贝肉蛋白不同酶解时间的规律变化,又将活性实验跟踪与计算机辅助筛选相结合,提供了一种快速筛选酶解物中高活性ACE抑制肽的方法。  相似文献   
4.
The aim of this study was to assess the remineralization of enamel caries lesions using the self-assembling peptide P11-4 associated with different materials. Artificial early enamel lesions were prepared on 154 primary teeth. The samples were randomly divided into eight groups: (1) control, (2) P11-4, (3) fluoridate toothpaste (FT), (4) P11-4 + FT, (5) casein phosphopeptide–amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP–ACP), (6) P11-4 + CPP–ACP, (7) fluoridate bioactive glass toothpaste (BT), and (8) P11-4 + BT. The surface enamel microhardness (EMH) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) of the teeth were then measured at the baseline, after demineralization, and after 28 days of remineralization. The enamel surfaces were assessed by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The data were analyzed with one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) (p < .05). EMH after demineralization was significantly lower than the baseline value (p < .001). The interventions led to an enhanced percentage of EMH recovery (%REMH), which was higher in Groups 6 and 7. There was no significant difference between Groups 3 and 4. Groups 1 and 2 had the lowest %REMH. The mean calcium/phosphate weight percentage ratio of P11-4 was significantly lower than the others (p < .001). The FESEM and AFM images revealed mineral deposition on the eroded enamel and reductions in surface roughness in Groups 5 and 7.  相似文献   
5.
《Journal of dairy science》2022,105(1):140-153
A multiparameter study was performed to evaluate the effect of fondaco, a traditional ripening cellar without any artificial temperature and relative humidity control, on the chemical, microbiological, and sensory characteristics of Protected Geographical Indication Canestrato di Moliterno cheese. Ripening in such a nonconventional environment was associated with lower counts of lactococci, lactobacilli, and total viable bacteria, and higher presence of enterococci, in comparison with ripening in a controlled maturation room. Moreover, fondaco cheese underwent accelerated maturation, as demonstrated by faster casein degradation, greater accumulation of free AA, and higher formation of volatile organic compounds. Secondary proteolysis, as assessed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry of free AA and low molecular weight peptides, did not show any qualitative difference among cheeses, but fondaco samples evidenced an advanced level of peptidolysis. On the other hand, significant qualitative differences were observed in the free fatty acid profiles and in the sensory characteristics. Principal component analysis showed a clear separation of the fondaco and control cheeses, indicating that ripening in the natural room conferred unique sensory features to the product.  相似文献   
6.
本实验以藜麦蛋白为原料,采用碱性蛋白酶、复合蛋白酶、风味蛋白酶、木瓜蛋白酶、中性蛋白酶分别对藜麦蛋白进行水解,制备藜麦蛋白肽。通过单因素实验对五种酶水解制备的藜麦蛋白肽以蛋白水解度、DPPH自由基清除能力、·OH自由基清除能力、ABTS+自由基清除能力、·O2-自由基清除能力为测定指标,研究五种蛋白酶对藜麦蛋白的水解能力和抗氧化活性影响,选出效果相对较佳的酶水解工艺。综合各指标的结果表明,碱性蛋白酶和复合蛋白酶水解能力较强,制备的藜麦蛋白肽抗氧化活性较其他两种酶更好。碱性蛋白酶和复合蛋白酶最佳酶解工艺分别为:酶与底物比0.5%(w/w),底物与水为1∶25(w/v),水解温度50℃,水解时间5h,pH10.0;酶与底物比0.5%(w/w),底物与水为1∶25(w/v),水解温度55℃,水解时间5h,pH8.0。本研究为藜麦蛋白的后期的深加工利用提供一定理论依据。  相似文献   
7.
Recent progress in the de novo design of self-assembling peptides has enabled the construction of peptide-based viral capsids. Previously, we demonstrated that 24-mer β-annulus peptides from tomato bushy stunt virus spontaneously self-assemble into an artificial viral capsid. Here we propose to use the artificial viral capsid through the self-assembly of β-annulus peptide as a simple model to analyze the effect of molecular crowding environment on the formation process of viral capsid. Artificial viral capsids formed by co-assembly of fluorescent-labelled and unmodified β-annulus peptides in dilute aqueous solutions and under molecular crowding conditions were analyzed using fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS). The apparent particle size and the dissociation constant (Kd) of the assemblies decreased with increasing concentration of the molecular crowding agent, i.e., polyethylene glycol (PEG). This is the first successful in situ analysis of self-assembling process of artificial viral capsid under molecular crowding conditions.  相似文献   
8.
Most cell penetrating peptides (CPPs) are unstructured and susceptible to proteolytic degradation. One alternative is to incorporate D-chirality amino acids into unstructured CPPs to allow for enhanced uptake and intracellular stability. This work investigates CPP internalization using a series of time, concentration, temperature, and energy dependent studies, resulting in a three-fold increase in uptake and 50-fold increase in stability of D-chirality peptides over L-chirality counterparts. CPP internalization occurred via a combination of direct penetration and endocytosis, with a percentage of internalized CPP expelling from cells in a time-dependent manner. Mechanistic studies identified that cells exported the intact internalized D-chirality CPPs via an exocytosis independent pathway, analogous to a direct penetration method out of the cells. These findings highlight the potential of a D-chirality CPP as bio-vector in therapeutic and biosensing applications, but also identify a new expulsion method suggesting a relationship between uptake kinetics, intracellular stability, and export kinetics.  相似文献   
9.
Determining the structure of the (oligomeric) intermediates that form during the self-assembly of amyloidogenic peptides is challenging because of their heterogeneous and dynamic nature. Thus, there is need for methodology to analyze the underlying molecular structure of these transient species. In this work, a combination of fluorescence quenching, photo-induced crosslinking (PIC) and molecular dynamics simulation was used to study the assembly of a synthetic amyloid-forming peptide, Aβ16-22. A PIC amino acid containing a trifluormethyldiazirine (TFMD) group—Fmoc(TFMD)Phe—was incorporated into the sequence (Aβ*16–22). Electrospray ionization ion-mobility spectrometry mass-spectrometry (ESI-IMS-MS) analysis of the PIC products confirmed that Aβ*16–22 forms assemblies with the monomers arranged as anti-parallel, in-register β-strands at all time points during the aggregation assay. The assembly process was also monitored separately using fluorescence quenching to profile the fibril assembly reaction. The molecular picture resulting from discontinuous molecule dynamics simulations showed that Aβ16-22 assembles through a single-step nucleation into a β-sheet fibril in agreement with these experimental observations. This study provides detailed structural insights into the Aβ16-22 self-assembly processes, paving the way to explore the self-assembly mechanism of larger, more complex peptides, including those whose aggregation is responsible for human disease.  相似文献   
10.
頡宇 《中国油脂》2021,46(12):50-55
油脂的氧化会引起食品质量劣变,影响其风味、色泽以及营养成分,寻找延缓油脂氧化的方法始终是产业发展的研究热点。抗氧化肽属于新型的抗氧化剂,然而其作用机制尚未完全了解。为推进肽在油脂体系中作用机制的认识,基于油脂氧化机理,系统梳理了抗氧化肽对油脂氧化各阶段诱因的抑制机制,主要归结于其多种功能的复杂相互作用,这些功能包括抑制活性氧生成,清除自由基,螯合促氧化金属离子,降低过氧化物的反应性。抗氧化肽清除自由基的抗氧化效果主要依赖其氨基酸残基组成,其中非极性氨基酸残基通过自由基加成作用,延缓油脂氧化起始期;极性不带电氨基酸残基通过将氢原子转移,形成抗氧化自由基来延迟油脂氧化的增长期;极性带正电荷氨基酸残基可以吸引负电荷自由基,如超氧阴离子自由基;相反地,极性带负电荷氨基酸残基可以通过排斥负电荷自由基从而减少金属离子促油脂氧化作用。  相似文献   
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