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1.
本文研制了2 mg/g碲化镉(CdTe)溶液中无机痕量杂质成分分析的5种标准物质,每种包含21种杂质元素,浓度分别为0、1、2、4、8 ng/g。通过辉光放电质谱(GD-MS)法对CdTe原料纯度进行测量,筛选得到纯度>99.999%的高纯原料;使用HCl-HNO3混酸将其溶解,再根据成分设计定量添加杂质元素,制备得到标准物质候选物。建立了基体匹配-内标校正-电感耦合等离子体质谱法用于标准物质定值与均匀性、稳定性检验,采用标准物质EB507验证方法可靠性。对包装容器溶出进行考察,以高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)作为包装容器可满足要求。采用建立的方法对全部元素进行检验,结果表明,标准物质均匀性以及长、短期稳定性良好,有效期12个月。通过8家实验室联合定值的方式,对标准物质中21种元素进行定值,以算数平均值作为标准值,并对不确定度进行全面、系统地评估。该系列基体标准物质填补了国内外空白,对于验证测量方法的可靠性、确保测量结果的一致性与溯源性具有重要作用。  相似文献   
2.
《Ceramics International》2022,48(14):20041-20052
The growing demand for radiation-resistant optical glasses for space and nuclear radiation applications has attracted significant research interest. However, radiation-resistant fluorophosphate glasses have been poorly studied. In this work, we report on the tailoring and performance of radiation-resistant fluorophosphate glasses that contained cerium through codoping with Sb2O3 and Bi2O3. The physical properties, optical properties, microstructure, and defects of fluorophosphate glasses were investigated using transmittance measurements, absorption measurements, as well as Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. The results showed that the radiation resistance of all codoped fluorophosphate glasses was better than the undoped cerium-containing fluorophosphate glasses after 10–250 krad(Si) irradiation. Especially in glasses doped with Bi2O3, the optical density increment at 385 nm was only 0.1482 after 250 krad(Si) irradiation. The CeO2 prevented the development of phosphate-related oxygen hole center (POHC) defects, whereas further codoping with Bi2O3 suppressed the formation of oxygen hole center (OHC) and POEC defects, reducing the breaking of phosphate chains caused by CeO2. Bi3+ is more likely than Sb3+ to change the valence, affecting the transition equilibrium of intrinsic defects and reducing the concentration of defects produced by irradiation. When codoping with Sb2O3 and Bi2O3, Bi2O3 does not enhance radiation resistance owing to the scission effect of Sb2O3 on the phosphate chain, which is not conducive to the radiation resistance of glasses. This indicates that the cerium-containing fluorophosphate glasses doped with Bi2O3 can effectively suppress the defects caused by irradiation and improve the radiation resistance of the glasses.  相似文献   
3.
《Ceramics International》2022,48(17):24592-24598
Single-phase Al4SiC4 powder with a low neutron absorption cross section was synthesized and mixed with SiC powder to fabricate highly densified SiC ceramics by hot pressing. The densification of SiC ceramics was greatly improved by the decomposition of Al4SiC4 and the formation of aluminosilicate liquid phase during the sintering process. The resulting SiC ceramics were composed of fine equiaxed grains with an average grain size of 2.0 μm and exhibited excellent mechanical properties in terms of a high flexure strength of 593 ± 55 MPa and a fracture toughness of 6.9 ± 0.2 MPa m1/2. Furthermore, the ion-irradiation damage in SiC ceramics was investigated by irradiating with 1.2 MeV Si5+ ions at 650 °C using a fluence of 1.1 × 1016 ions/cm2, which corresponds to 6.3 displacements per atom (dpa). The evolution of the microstructure was investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Raman spectroscopy. The breaking of Si–C bonds and the segregation of C elements on the irradiated surface was revealed by XPS, whereas the formation of Si–Si and C–C homonuclear bonds within the Si–C network of SiC grains was detected by Raman spectroscopy.  相似文献   
4.
用机械合金化和放电等离子烧结(SPS)工艺制备名义成分为Fe-18Mn-0.6C的高锰钢,对其组织及力学性能进行分析。结果表明:SPS烧结制备的Fe-18Mn-0.6C块体为平均晶粒尺寸为1μm的超细晶单一奥氏体合金钢,晶粒内部存在较多的层错及退火孪晶,还分布着大量的纳米级弥散颗粒。Fe-18Mn-0.6C块体硬度为475HV、抗拉强度为925 MPa,较多的孔隙缺陷导致块体致密度低,仅为96.27%。孔隙与晶粒内部大尺寸颗粒在拉应力作用下易萌生裂纹发生撕裂,造成沿晶脆断,塑性较差。850℃/1 h的热处理能显著改善块体韧性,伸长率由4%升至13%,以脆断为主、韧断为辅的混合断裂模式。  相似文献   
5.
孙建恒 《分析仪器》2022,(1):149-154
对气相色谱双等离子体硫化学发光检测器(GC-DPSCD)法测定低温甲醇洗装置气体痕量硫化物的影响因素进行了探讨,包括载气种类及流量的选择、柱温的确定、双等离子体燃烧器条件的优化等。通过对上述影响因素的控制和优化,建立了良好的工作曲线,得到了较低的检出限,保证了痕量硫化物分析结果的准确度和精密度,满足了分析要求。  相似文献   
6.
According to the Food and Agriculture Organization of United Nations reports, approximately half of the total harvested fruits and vegetables vanish before they reach the end consumer due to their perishable nature. Enzymatic browning is one of the most common problems faced by fruit and vegetable processing. The perishability of fruits and vegetables is contributed by the various browning enzymes (polyphenol oxidase, peroxidase, and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase) and ripening or cell wall degrading enzyme (pectin methyl-esterase). In contrast, antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase and catalase) assist in reversing the damage caused by reactive oxygen species or free radicals. The cold plasma technique has emerged as a novel, economic, and environmentally friendly approach that reduces the expression of ripening and browning enzymes while increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes; microorganisms are significantly inhibited, therefore improving the shelf life of fruits and vegetables. This review narrates the mechanism and principle involved in the use of cold plasma technique as a nonthermal agent and its application in impeding the activity of browning and ripening enzymes and increasing the expression of antioxidant enzymes for improving the shelf life and quality of fresh fruits and vegetables and preventing spoilage and pathogenic germs from growing. An overview of hurdles and sustainability advantages of cold plasma technology is presented.  相似文献   
7.
Food- and waterborne viruses, such as human norovirus, hepatitis A virus, hepatitis E virus, rotaviruses, astroviruses, adenoviruses, and enteroviruses, are major contributors to all foodborne illnesses. Their small size, structure, and ability to clump and attach to inanimate surfaces make viruses challenging to reduce or eliminate, especially in the presence of inorganic or organic soils. Besides traditional wet and dry methods of disinfection using chemicals and heat, emerging physical nonthermal decontamination techniques (irradiation, ultraviolet, pulsed light, high hydrostatic pressure, cold atmospheric plasma, and pulsed electric field), novel virucidal surfaces, and bioactive compounds are examined for their potential to inactivate viruses on the surfaces of foods or food contact surfaces (tools, equipment, hands, etc.). Every disinfection technique is discussed based on its efficiency against viruses, specific advantages and disadvantages, and limitations. Structure, genomic organization, and molecular biology of different virus strains are reviewed, as they are key in determining these techniques effectiveness in controlling all or specific foodborne viruses. Selecting suitable viral decontamination techniques requires that their antiviral mechanism of action and ability to reduce virus infectivity must be taken into consideration. Furthermore, details about critical treatments parameters essential to control foodborne viruses in a food production environment are discussed, as they are also determinative in defining best disinfection and hygiene practices preventing viral infection after consuming a food product.  相似文献   
8.
Using spark plasma sintering (SPS), >98.5 % dense boron carbide (B4C) samples were made from commercially available and lab-synthesised powders made via a low temperature synthesis (LTS) process. The work showed that the LTS powder can be produced in batches of tens to hundreds of grams whilst maintaining a high purity material with lower levels of residual free carbon (20.6–21.3 wt.% C) than commercially available samples (22.4 wt.% C). The LTS material was seen to exhibit higher hardness values (37.8 GPa) than the commercial grade material (32.5 GPa) despite featuring a coarser average grain size (10.8 μm and 2.4 μm respectively). This is largely thought to be due to the influence of ZrO2 and AlB2 impurities introduced to the material during micronising milling of the powder after synthesis, as opposed to the influence of the materials lower carbon content.  相似文献   
9.
The effects of non-thermal plasma (NTP) on the physicochemical properties of wheat flour and the quality of fresh wet noodles ( FWN) were investigated. The results showed that NTP effectively decreased the total plate count (TPC), yeast and mould count (YMC) and Bacillus spp. in wheat flour. Wet gluten contents and the stability time reached the maximum when treated for 20 s. The viscosity of starch increased significantly after treatment due to the increased of damaged starch. The contents of secondary structure were altered to some extent, which was because that the ordered network structure of gluten protein broken. Furthermore, compared with the control, texture properties of FWN were enhanced significantly at 20 s, and the darkening rate of FWN was greatly inhibited due to the low polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity. Consequently, the most suitable treatment was 500 W for 20 s, providing a basis for the application of NTP in flour products.  相似文献   
10.
考虑到小分子含氧组分在等离子体助燃体系中重要的研究意义,本文以丙酮为研究载体,基于先进的分子束质谱诊断平台开展了研究.提供了详细的中间体组分信息,并基于此构建了丙酮等离子体的低温反应网络.结果表明,在等离子体放电激励的作用下,丙酮的燃料氢提取过程被加速,并且还伴随着明显的燃料碎片化过程.研究发现,无势垒反应在等离子体低温氧化的反应机制中十分重要.另外,本文还给出丙酮低温氧化在不同电压激励下的定量结果.  相似文献   
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