Cyclic variations in the permeability of the cell wall of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

To study cell-cycle-related variations in wall permeability of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, two approaches were used. First, an asynchronous culture was fractionated by centrifugal elutriation into subpopulations containing cells of increasing size. The subpopulations represented different stages of the cell cycle as judged by light microscopy. Cell wall porosity increased when these subpopulations became enriched with budded cells. Secondly, synchronous cultures were obtained by releasing MATa cells from alpha-factor induced G1-arrest. These cultures grew synchronously for at least two generations. The cell wall porosity increased sharply in these cultures, shortly before buds became visible and was maximal during the initial stages of bud growth. It decreased in cells which had completed nuclear migration and before abscission of the bud had occurred. The porosity reached its lowest value during abscission and in unbudded cells. We examined the incorporation of mannoproteins into the wall during the cell cycle. SDS-extractable mannoproteins were incorporated continuously. However, the incorporation of glucanase-extractable mannoproteins, which are known to affect cell wall porosity, showed cyclic oscillations and reached its maximum after nuclear migration. This coincided with a rapid decrease in cell wall porosity, indicating that glucanase-extractable mannoproteins might contribute to this decrease.     

浸渗工艺对SiC/Al复合材料残余气孔率的影响

采用无压浸渗法制备了SiC/Al复合材料,从浸渗动力学和工艺方法的角度探讨了浸渗保温时间和降温方式对复合材料的残余气孔率的影响。结果表明:随着保温时间的适当延长,能有效地降低复合材料的残余气孔率;连续降温优于分段降温,有利于降低SiC/Al复合材料的残余气孔率。     

Consideration on Effective Diffusivity of Strontium in Granite

Abstract

Diffusive behavior of strontium and certain kinds of divalent cations in Inada granite were studied by a through-diffusion method. In order to examine the effect of sorption onto overall diffusive behavior, two kinds of solutions were used: 0.1M KCl solution and deionized water. The effective diffusion coefficient (D_e ) and rock capacity factor (a) were (2.0–3.6) xl0–¹³ m²/s and less than 0.022 in 0.1M KCl solution and (0.32–1.7) x 10 ^?13m²/s and 1.5–2.4 in deionized water respectively. The D_e , and α in deionized water were much larger than those in 0.1M KCl solution. These results are well explained by taking into account the diffusion of sorbed ion or the surface diffusion. In support of this mechanism, most D_e , values of Sr reported for various rocks are found proportional to the sorptivity ( _ρR_d )-In the case that the sorptivity is low, D_e of Sr depends on porosity like that of nonsorbed iodide. The effective diffusion coefficient of Sr in rocks was well explained by taking into account pore and surface diffusion and was expressed as D_e=2.1 xl0^?10 _? ^1.3+3.5xl0″^?12 _ρR_d . The effective diffusion coefficient of divalent cations in the granite was found proportional to their diffusion coefficients in bulk solution.     

On the use of mesophase pitch for the preparation of hierarchical porous carbon monoliths by nanocasting

Abstract

A detailed study is given on the synthesis of a hierarchical porous carbon, possessing both meso- and macropores, using a mesophase pitch (MP) as the carbon precursor. This carbon material is prepared by the nanocasting approach involving the replication of a porous silica monolith (hard templating). While this carbon material has already been tested in energy storage applications, various detailed aspects of its formation and structure are addressed in this study. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Hg porosimetry and N₂ physisorption are used to characterize the morphology and porosity of the carbon replica. A novel approach for the detailed analysis of wide-angle x-ray scattering (WAXS) from non-graphitic carbons is applied to quantitatively compare the graphene microstructures of carbons prepared using MP and furfuryl alcohol (FA). This WAXS analysis underlines the importance of the carbon precursor in the synthesis of templated porous carbon materials via the nanocasting route. Our study demonstrates that a mesophase pitch is a superior precursor whenever a high-purity, low-micropore-content and well-developed graphene structure is desired.     

钛酸钡添加量对埋容用环氧-钛酸钡-玻璃布板材性能的影响

采用热固化层压方法制备了环氧-钛酸钡-玻璃布(EBG)板材,并分析钛酸钡(BTO)添加量对埋容用EBG板材各项性能的影响。结果表明:随着BTO填料添加量的增大,EBG板材的实际密度先接近后偏离理论密度,孔隙率先减小后增大,耐浸焊时间、剥离强度先增大后减小,5%热分解温度和介电常数增大;当BTO的质量分数为80%左右时,埋容用EBG板材具有较好的综合性能;EBG板材为一种混联模型。     

PROPERTIES OF W/Cu FGMS CONTAINING 1%TiC OR 1%La2O3 PREPARED USING GSUHP

W / Cu functionally gradient materials (FGMs) containing 1%La_2O_3 and 1%TiC were prepared using graded sintering under ultra-high pressure (GSUHP). The specimens have been found to exhibit low porosity (11.57% and 11.35%, respectively). Shearing strength of the specimens between layers is good. Moreover, the specimens have still demonstrated good performance in testing thermal-shock resistance. When power density of laser is 200MWm~(-2), the specimens have been tested for thermal-shock resistance (1000 times); the specimens that contained 1%La_2O_3 were not subjected to damage, whereas those that contained 1%TiC began to crack. Finally, effect of additives on thermal-shock resistance was also preliminarily discussed.     

活性氧化铝开发及建议

本文报道了粉状活性氧化铝、型体活性氧化铝的研究开发状况.开发活性氧化铝既低碳、环保,又有良好的经济效益、环保效益、社会效益.     

Y_2O_3-MgO-Al_2O_3烧结助剂对SiC陶瓷烧结和导热性能的影响

对SiC粉体进行热处理,采用Y2O3-MgO-Al2O3烧结助剂,在1 750~1 950℃下30 MPa热压烧结1 h,制备SiC陶瓷。TG分析SiC的氧化特性,测定Zeta-电位研究SiC粉体的分散特性,测定其高温浸润性研究烧结助剂与SiC之间的亲和性。结果表明:SiC粉体热处理和提高SiC浆体的pH值,有利于提高Zeta-电位,进而提高分散均匀性;Y2O3-MgO-Al2O3烧结助剂高温下与SiC具有良好的浸润性;SiC粉体热处理明显降低了烧结温度。尽管Y2O3-MgO-Al2O3烧结助剂在高温下有一定的挥发,但是当其含量大于等于9%(质量分数)时,1 800~1 950℃下热压烧结可获得显气孔率小于等于0.19%的致密SiC陶瓷,其热导率大于190 W.m–1.K–1。     

元素俘获测井在库车深层致密砂岩中的应用

库车前陆盆地深层砂岩气藏表现为低孔隙度特低渗透率特征,由于钻井取心少,评价复杂岩性储层存在困难。元素俘获测井(ECS)利用矿物成分获取地层岩性和骨架参数,能够指导评价复杂岩性地层。利用元素俘获测井获取的元素干重百分比,建立反演矿物模型求取矿物的含量。用ECS测井资料获得的矿物含量计算地层变骨架密度(地层骨架密度随深度变化而变化),再计算地层孔隙度,其孔隙度结果与岩心孔隙度基本吻合,验证了ECS测井技术求取地层孔隙度方法的可靠性。对库车前陆盆地深层7口井已知数据的验证,提高了地层孔隙度的解释精度。实践表明,ECS测井技术用于求取塔里木盆地库车深层致密砂岩地层中的储层参数,取得了很好的应用效果。     

利用神经网络的LM算法确定碳酸盐岩声波孔隙度

确定碳酸盐岩声波孔隙度是测井解释中的一个难题，传统方法是利用平均时差公式经过适当校正或使用声波、中子、密度等两种以上的测井资料求取，在具体使用中误差较大且很不方便。为此，基于Levenberg—Marquardt算法，提出一种确定碳酸盐岩声波孔隙度的神经网络方法，主要步骤包括：样本信息的预处理、网络结构的设计、采用LM算法的网络学习训练、碳酸盐岩声波孔隙度的确定。仿真实验和比较分析表明，该方法快速稳定，其结果与真实值吻合程度高。