Accelerating the decarbonization of carbonaceous gold ore by suspension oxidation roasting towards the improvement of gold leaching efficiency

Eliminating the gold preg-robbing effect of carbonaceous matter in carbonaceous gold ores is crucial for gold leaching. In this study, suspension oxidation roasting was proposed to accelerate the decarbonization of carbonaceous gold ore. The characteristics of oxidation reaction process and gas release were analyzed by TG-DTA-FTIR. The phase transformation and microstructure evolution of samples during roasting were analyzed by XRD, SEM and BET. The results show that the gold preg-robbing effect was eliminated after the gasification of carbonaceous matter, and the CaO generated by decomposition of carbonates can effectively capture the SO₂. After roasting for 75 min at 650 °C in a 20% O₂ atmosphere, the total carbon removal rate reached 99.42%, the distribution of exposed gold increased from 28.85% to 77.10% and the gold leaching efficiency increased from 4.55% to 84.83%. In addition, about 70% sulfur was mainly fixed in the roasted products in the form of sulfate. Therefore, the suspension oxidation roasting process is an efficient and clean pretreatment method for carbonaceous gold ores.     

Behavior of phase transformation of Baotou mixed rare earth concentrate during oxidation roasting

Based on the new process named “Combination Method” for metallurgy and separation of Baotou mixed rare earth concentrate (BMREC), the aim of this paper is to clearly elucidate the phase change behavior of BMREC without additives during oxidative roasting at 450–800 °C. The results indicate that the bastnaesite in BMREC is decomposed at 450–550 °C, the weight loss is about 10.3 wt%, and the activation energy (E) is 144 kJ/mol. The bastnaesite in BMREC is decomposed into rare earth fluoride, rare earth oxides (La₂O₃, Ce₇O₁₂, Pr₆O₁₁ and Nd₂O₃), and CO₂, particularly, with the increase of roasting temperature, bastnaesite in BMREC is more completely decomposed into LaF₃, which causes a decrease in leaching rate of La during the HCl leaching process. Additionally, the maximum cerium oxidation efficiency reaches about 60 wt% when the roasting temperature is equal to or above 500 °C, and the oxidation reaction rate of cerium increases with the increasing roasting temperature.     

氧化吸收工艺再生SO2返回天然气净化厂二级Claus工艺的模拟研究

针对氧化吸收工艺应用于天然气净化厂Claus尾气减排的情况,利用VMGSim软件模拟了该工艺脱除Claus尾气中SO_2并返回二级Claus工艺的过程,阐明了不同的SO_2返回位置对硫回收率及主燃烧炉温度的影响,并提出了应对措施,可为氧化吸收工艺在天然气净化厂的应用提供重要参考。     

煤层顶板硬岩大直径定向钻孔施工关键技术

根据顶板高位定向钻孔快速钻进成孔与工作面卸压瓦斯高效抽采治理需要，针对现有螺杆马达定向钻进技术与分级扩孔方法存在的问题，开展了顶板硬岩定向钻进与大直径扩孔钻进关键技术研究，开发了冲击回转定向钻进技术、扭冲回转定向钻进技术、扭冲旋转扩孔技术以及双级双速扩孔技术等钻孔提速新技术，研制了冲击螺杆马达、矿用小直径扭力冲击器、双级双速螺杆马达、组合式扩孔钻头等配套钻具。综合试验结果表明，硬岩定向钻孔平均机械钻进效率达到8.34 m/h，最高达到13.6 m/h，较常规螺杆马达定向钻进技术提升20%~30%；硬岩大直径扩孔终孔直径达到200 mm，机械钻进效率平均达到5.6 m/h以上，最高达到10.5 m/h。该技术提升了顶板硬岩定向钻进效率与大直径扩孔钻进效率，缩短了顶板高位定向钻孔的综合施工周期，为大直径高位定向长钻孔快速成孔与高效抽采治理回采工作面卸压瓦斯提供了可靠的技术手段。     

高磷鲕状赤铁矿金属化还原焙烧-磁选-熔分新工艺研究

针对高磷鲕状赤铁矿中有价组元铁与杂质元素磷、硅、铝的分离难题,提出了低温选择性金属化还原—磁选—熔分处理新工艺,添加复合促进剂强化还原并促进金属铁微粒迁移、聚集、长大。研究了焙烧温度、促进剂用量、煤量、焙烧时间等条件对焙砂磨矿磁选后精矿铁品位、铁回收率及脱杂效果的影响。结果表明,添加剂对铁的富集及脱杂影响显著。优化的焙烧工艺条件下,原矿加入6%促进剂、25%的煤,975℃下恒温焙烧150 min,焙砂中铁主要以单质铁呈棒条状、蠕虫状产出,利于磨矿解离;磷仍主要以磷灰石存在;焙砂经磨矿—磁选,可获得含Fe 86.77%、P0.20%、Al_2O_3 1.81%、SiO_2 3.86%的精矿类海绵铁粉,Fe回收率88%;类海绵铁粉在1 550℃下熔分,可以得到含磷小于0.01%、含铁大于99%的优质铁水,全流程Fe回收率85%,杂质磷、硅、铝脱除率99%,实现了铁的高效回收和铁与磷、硅、铝组元的深度分离。     

双层隔振系统反馈控制隔振性能仿真研究

采用阻抗分析法对双层隔振系统进行主动隔振仿真研究,建立双层隔振系统数学模型,并编程进行求解与仿真。在该模型中引入反馈控制环节,从而得到双层主动隔振系统数学模型。分别以m_1速度、位移和加速度为反馈参量,在保证控制系统稳定性的情况下,确定反馈增益范围。分析其各自的控制效果,最终确定隔振效果比较理想的反馈控制。结果表明:在双层隔振系统中加入适当的反馈控制环节可获得良好的隔振效果。     

焙烧方式对含砷金精矿中金、银浸出率的影响

某含砷金精矿中金矿物嵌布粒度较细,金主要以硫化物(黄铁矿、毒砂)包裹金形式存在。采用焙烧预处理-氰化浸出工艺,研究了一段焙烧、两段焙烧和添加剂焙烧对氰化浸出的影响。结果表明,采用常规一段、两段焙烧方式,金浸出率均未达到90%,银浸出率低于50%; 添加剂焙烧效果显著,在焙烧温度650 ℃、时间1.0 h、添加剂用量NaXY 100 kg/t+YC-1 20 kg/t的条件下,金浸出率达到93.56%,银浸出率达62.45%。     

寒冷地区用空气源热泵热水器准双级压缩循环特性研究

空气源热泵热水器在寒冷地区运行时会出现排气温度过高、制热性能弱等弊端,准双级压缩循环技术可有效改善其在寒冷地区的运行特性。采用带中压补气的转子压缩机,研制了以R410A为循环工质的空气源热泵热水器,试验研究了系统在寒冷地区低温环境下的制热性能。结果表明:带中压补气的空气源热泵热水器系统排气温度较无补气有所降低,当室外温度从7.0下降到-25.0℃时,与无补气系统相比,补气系统制热量提升了6.2%～15.5%,压缩机功率提升了2.8%～9.5%,COP_h提升了3.3%～9.6%。     

基于第三方物流的家具配送开放式车辆路径问题

为了降低家具配送成本,提高物流效率,基于第三方物流配送模式,构建了以总行驶距离最短和车辆数最少为最优目标的开放式车辆路径问题(open vehicle routing problem,OVRP)数学模型,并设计了一个改进的两阶段禁忌搜索算法进行求解,第1阶段求解包含所有客户的TSP(traveling salesman problem)路径来作为第2阶段划分OVRP路径的基础.设计了一个随机动态禁忌表,并将"邻域算子编号"和"邻域交换点对"同时作为禁忌对象,避免了过度禁忌的情况.另外,对5个邻域算子进行了测试,表明采用由点交换、分序点插入、点逆序和前点前向插入这4个算子组成的多邻域结构体效果最佳.经算例测试和文献对比,验证了设计算法的有效性,采用第三方物流配送比自营物流配送更节省成本.