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1.
摩擦和磨损制约着机械系统的高可靠、长寿命服役,随着科学技术的快速发展,单一的固体或液体润滑系统已经无法满足工业应用中对机械部件的摩擦学性能要求.因此,研究人员对固液相复合润滑体系展开了大量研究,碳基薄膜因具有优异的摩擦学性能而常被用于组成固液复合润滑体系.对碳基薄膜固液复合润滑体系的研究进行了回顾,从碳基薄膜/油复合润滑、碳基薄膜/离子液体复合润滑、碳基薄膜/水复合润滑、碳基薄膜/润滑剂/纳米添加剂复合润滑,以及表面织构碳基薄膜和摩擦过程中生成碳材料的特殊碳基材料复合润滑六个体系对碳基薄膜固液复合润滑进行了综述.碳基薄膜/润滑油复合润滑无论是在大气还是在真空中都表现出优异的摩擦学性能,碳基薄膜/离子液体复合润滑对于提高在苛刻条件下服役的机械运动部件的摩擦学性能具有指导意义和广泛的应用前景.润滑添加剂的使用,可以在碳基薄膜/润滑油复合润滑体系的基础上进一步提高摩擦学性能,过渡金属氮化物/润滑油摩擦催化生成碳材料为进一步发现和发展不同的先进润滑和保护材料提供了前景.最后总结了目前研究领域中存在的一些问题,并对未来发展方向进行了展望.  相似文献   
2.
Multi-step reaction processes are frequently encountered in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, separate study on each step however is easily neglected. Herein, we separately investigated two reaction steps for the synthesis of an intermediate (DTG-6) of an anti-HIV drug dolutegravir (DTG) in microreactors. The first step (i.e., deprotection of DTG-4) was optimized to achieve a high DTG-5 yield (i.e., 96.7%) in the microreactor after the parametric screening on the DTG-4 concentration, methanesulfonic acid loading, molar ratio of reaction components, and so forth. Reaction kinetics was revealed based on substantial experimental data and mechanism cognition. Validation experiments showed the accuracy of this reaction kinetics. After thoroughly understanding this deprotection step, we combined it with the following annelation step in a cascade microreactor system for the two-step synthesis of DTG-6 with a much higher yield even at a remarkably shorter residence time compared with literature reports, thus indicating efficient process intensification.  相似文献   
3.
为评估玉米芯作为生物滞留设施中填料土添加剂的可行性,通过理化性质测试、摇床淋出试验、等温吸附试验,与现有添加剂柳木屑、陶粒、稻壳生物炭进行对比,研究玉米芯的理化性质和营养素的淋出及吸附特性。结果表明:玉米芯轻质多孔,具有较大的比表面积和阳离子交换量,其氮磷含量低,有丰富的含氧官能团;以玉米芯作为添加剂,在去离子水的淋洗作用下,氮磷营养素淋出量低、淋出速度快,在降雨径流中氮磷营养素淋出量降低,淋出速度减缓;在营养素质量浓度为2mg/L的典型降雨径流中,玉米芯可吸附25mg/kg的NH+4和79mg/kg的PO3-4,相较于其他材料,玉米芯吸附效果突出。玉米芯可作为填料土添加剂用于生物滞留设施中,施用玉米芯可降低填料土营养素淋出风险,提升生物滞留设施对降雨径流中污染物的吸附和去除效果。  相似文献   
4.
王强  于涛  李禹 《锅炉制造》2022,(1):33-34,41
本文简要介绍了"W"型火焰锅炉的技术特点和发展前景,以我公司承制的某项目为例,就该"W"型火焰锅炉总体结构进行了简要介绍,并以该项目中的两个重点部件为例,结合该部件的结构特点列举了其在生产制造过程中的难点,并提出了相应的工艺技术措施,完成了产品制造。  相似文献   
5.
利用CML环境影响评价方法,研究并比较了植物纤维纸蜂窝和传统芳纶纸蜂窝制备的环境影响。结果表明,针对所涉及的11个环境影响指标,植物纤维纸蜂窝低于芳纶纸蜂窝0.68 %~49.41 %;权重化结果表明,植物纤维纸蜂窝制备环境影响总体低于芳纶纸蜂窝18.77 %;制备芳纶纸蜂窝的环境影响主要来自于芳纶纸和电能的消耗;制备植物纤维纸蜂窝的环境影响主要来自于混杂纸和电能的生产。  相似文献   
6.
《Ceramics International》2022,48(20):30393-30406
Plasma methods are efficient processing for metal recovery from metal scrap, bearing minerals, electronic waste, etc. In this work, pure titanium nitride nanoparticles (TiN NPs) were synthesized from titanium scraps by the thermal plasma arc discharge (TPAD) method. TPAD synthesized TiN NPs have a highly crystalline nature with cubic and spherical morphologies with average particle sizes of 30–100 nm. Further, prepared TiN NPs involving surface modification (SM) or etching processes were investigated by using the non-thermal DC glow discharge plasma technique with air atmosphere at different processing times. SM@TiN NPs have a comparatively low crystalline, which was confirmed from the powder X-ray diffraction technique. SM@TiN NPs have very interesting core shell morphologies, which are due to the surface interactions of ionized air molecules. TiN and SM@TiN NPs have room-temperature ferromagnetic properties with high saturation magnetization (Ms) up to 2.6 and 3.0 emu/g and very high coercivity (Hc) of 235.5 Oe, respectively. TiN and SM@TiN NPs have superior energy storage performance with an outstanding specific capacitance of 192.8 and 435.1 F/g at a current density of 2 A/g with pseudocapacitive behavior. These results reveal that TiN and SM@TiN NPs have highly promising electrodes for supercapacitor applications.  相似文献   
7.
为保障工程建筑物的合理设计、输水渠道的科学调控及调水系统的安全运行,需对弧形闸门过闸流量进行精确计算。以南水北调中线工程干渠59座节制闸为研究对象,建立基于量纲分析法和长短期记忆神经网络两种不同的弧形闸门流量计算模型,选取2018—2019年2 h时间尺度的原始观测数据作为模型输入,对比分析两种模型闸门流量计算的平均绝对误差、平均相对误差、均方根误差及纳什效率系数。结果表明:对于工程整体而言,长短期记忆神经网络方法的误差结果略优于量纲分析法,两者流量平均相对误差分别为2%~2.5%和3%~4%。另外,量纲分析法受水位波动影响较大,更适用于中线工程中下游(中、小流量)的闸门过流计算;长短期记忆神经网络方法受水位波动的影响相对略小,更适用于中线工程中上游(大、中流量)的闸门过流计算。该研究为南水北调中线工程闸门水力计算及调度运行提供了科学依据。  相似文献   
8.
王鹏  马蕊  魏永胜  李萍 《焊管》2022,45(8):17-23
为了研究TC4钛合金在不同焊接方法条件下的焊接性及接头性能,对TC4钛合金分别进行了氩弧焊、冷焊、激光焊、电子束焊以及电阻点焊试验,并对接头的强度、硬度、塑性、韧性、金相组织等进行了对比分析。试验结果显示,采用TA18焊丝,氩弧焊接头强度平均值为982.5 MPa,伸长率为7.5%,强度和塑性匹配良好;冷焊接头强度平均值974.5 MPa,焊缝区硬度低于热影响区,热影响区宽度0.7~1.0 mm,焊接变形改善明显;激光焊接头强度平均值956.5 MPa,伸长率达母材水平;电子束焊接头强度高于母材,塑性低于母材,热处理后接头强度升高,焊缝区存在金相组织的梯度分布;电阻点焊接头的熔核直径和抗剪力随焊接参数增大逐渐增大。研究表明,TC4 钛合金具有良好的焊接性,在弧焊、束焊和电阻焊工艺下,焊接性良好,焊接接头金相组织合理,强度、塑性等 力学性能指标匹配良好。  相似文献   
9.
《Journal of dairy science》2022,105(7):5747-5760
This study evaluated the effects of duration of high-concentrate feeding on ruminal and fecal fermentation profile, as well as selected systemic health biomarkers in nonlactating cows supplemented with or without a phytogenic feed additive (PHY). In addition, ruminal degradation kinetics and total-tract nutrient digestibility were evaluated when feeding either only forage or a high-concentrate diet. Nine nonlactating, cannulated Holstein cows were used in a crossover design. Each period included 1 wk of forage feeding (wk 0), diet transition, and 4 wk on the high-concentrate diet (1, 2, 3 and wk 4; 65% dry matter basis). Cows received PHY or not (control). Compared with wk 0, from wk 1 onward, cows on high concentrate showed greater reticular, ruminal, and fecal total volatile fatty acids (VFA), with a greater level of VFA in the rumen than in the hindgut. However, ruminal fermentation was modulated differently by PHY, which showed increased total VFA in wk 1 and increased butyrate in wk 2 in the particle-associated fluid of rumen. In the hindgut, PHY increased propionate in wk 3. Cows fed a high-concentrate diet from wk 1 and onward also showed greater ruminal lactate, as well as lower ruminal and fecal pH, independent of PHY. In addition, compared with cows in wk 1 on a high-concentrate diet, cows in wk 4 had a greater total VFA in free fluid of the rumen and lower fecal pH. Compared with cows at wk 0, cows at wk 1 on high concentrate onward showed greater serum amyloid A and greater activity of glutamate dehydrogenase. In contrast, the high-concentrate diet decreased in situ ruminal degradability of grass silage but increased degradability of corn grain as well as total-tract nutrient digestibility, with total-tract neutral detergent fiber digestibility being greater for cows on the PHY treatment. Overall, from the start of high-concentrate feeding, gut fermentation increased, but differently according to location or PHY, with a stronger build-up of VFA in the rumen compared with the hindgut. In addition, a longer duration on high concentrate exacerbated gut acidification. The enhancing effects of PHY on total VFA and butyrate in particle-associated fluid of the rumen suggest beneficial effects of PHY on particle-associated bacteria, likely contributing to the increased neutral detergent fiber digestibility. The greater production of ruminal butyrate with PHY may be beneficial for the host, given the health benefits of this acid, but more research is needed to elucidate the effects on gut microbiota and the effects of increased butyrate in nonlactating dairy cows.  相似文献   
10.
Ergonomics assessment in the automotive industry has, to date, focused mainly on physical ergonomics, for example, manual handling and posture. However, workload and, in particular, metabolic and cognitive workload, contributes to worker efficiency but has not received sufficient attention to yield practical guidance for industry. Successful workload assessment requires in-depth understanding of the context in which it will be conducted and of the various assessment techniques which will be applied, with consideration given to factors such as feasibility, resources, and skill of the assessor. These requirements are met with challenges within large and complex organizations and are often dealt with in a piecemeal and isolated matter (i.e., reactive workload assessment). The present paper explores these challenges within the automotive manufacturing industry and aims to develop a decision matrix to guide effective selection of workload assessment techniques focused on metabolic and cognitive demands. It also presents the requirements for time, equipment, and knowledge to implement these techniques as part of a participatory ergonomics approach. Early findings suggest that most assessment techniques reviewed require further development, for example, to establish the acceptance criteria for the specific workload scenario. However, five methods (Garg, Borg RPE, IPAQ, SWAT, and NASA-TLX) are ready to use in certain applications. Ultimately, the findings suggest that it is possible to implement a participatory workload evaluation program within large and complex manufacturing plants.  相似文献   
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