Environmental impact estimation of ceramic lightweight aggregates production starting from residues

Within a circular economy approach, this study investigates the environmental impact of lightweight aggregates (LWAs) produced starting from different mixes of different clays with brewery sludge and cattle bone flour ash (CBA), used as poring and fertilizing agents, respectively. The environmental impact was evaluated by means of release tests, insulation capacity, carbon footprint (CFP), and particulate matter emission during pellet firing. Release tests representative of LWAs realistic application showed very high release of phosphate and satisfactory release of potassium. The thermal insulation of the LWAs was tested by thermal imaging camera and resulted highly variable depending on the composition, with the mix containing CBA performing best. This latter composition leads also to the smallest CO₂ equivalent emission, due to the calorific power of CBA, allowing lower consumption of fossil fuels during the LWA production. Finally, total particulate emissions during the thermal treatment resulted similar in terms of mass for all mixes, while differences in terms of particle morphology and composition occurred. Samples containing residue resulted with a quite good release behavior, CFP, and insulation properties, but higher emission of particles, particularly when glass is added.     

聚碳酸酯水桶中5种酚类物质的残留量检测以及迁移风险评估

目的利用超高效液相色谱法研究聚碳酸酯水桶(polycarbonate, PC)中5种酚类物质(苯酚、双酚A、对叔丁基苯酚、对枯基苯酚和2,4-二叔丁基苯酚)的残留量并对迁移风险进行评估。方法利用溶解-沉淀法对30批PC水桶中的酚类物质进行提取。参考GB 31604.1-2016《食品安全国家标准食品接触材料及制品迁移试验通则》和GB 5009.156-2015《食品安全国家标准食品接触材料及制品迁移试验预处理方法通则》对PC水桶进行迁移试验。利用超高效液相色谱法对提取液和迁移试液中的酚类物质进行定性和定量分析。结果在线性范围0.02～5mg/L内,线性系数均大于0.999,加标回收率在82%～109%之间,相对标准偏差范围为0.6%～5.2%(n=3)。30批饮用水桶中,各酚类物质的检出率分别为73%、93%、50%、43%和93%。食品模拟物为水的迁移实验中,只有苯酚和双酚A有检出,且数值都小于国家标准中的限量值。结论 5种酚类物质在PC水桶中的迁移风险都较小,研究可为PC产品的质量控制和酚类物质风险监测提供技术基础。     

氰霜唑及其代谢物4-氯-5-(4-甲苯基)-1H-咪唑-2-腈在苦瓜中的残留消解动态及膳食安全性评价

[目的]研究旨在优化苦瓜中氰霜唑(Cyazofamid)及其代谢物CCIM的QuEChERS-液相色谱-串联质谱残留分析方法；同时结合苦瓜的田间残留消解动态试验,对膳食摄入风险进行评价。[方法]苦瓜样品采用含1%乙酸的乙腈溶液提取,LC-MS/MS进行检测,通过基质匹配标准溶液外标法定量。通过在黑龙江、河北、河南、重庆、浙江和广东6地进行了100 g/L氰霜唑悬浮剂在苦瓜上残留的田间试验,研究了氰霜唑在苦瓜中的消解动态,对苦瓜中氰霜唑可能产生的膳食摄入风险安全进行评价。[结果]试验结果表明：1)氰霜唑在0.005-1.0 mg/L、CCIM在0.001-1.0 mg/L质量浓度范围内线性关系良好,相关系数均大于0.9987；在0.010、0.10、0.50 mg/kg 3个浓度下,苦瓜中氰霜唑及CCIM的回收率为80.0%～100.0%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.05%～12.1%。检出限(LOD)为0.364-0.654 μg/kg,方法定量限(LOQ)为添加的最低浓度0.010 mg/kg。2)田间试验结果表明：氰霜唑在苦瓜中消解符合一级反应动力学方程,半衰期为3.0～4.9 d,属易降解农药；使用100 g/L氰霜唑悬浮剂,施药剂量105-157.5 g a.i./hm2,分别施药2、3次,苦瓜中氰霜唑总的最终残留量最大值为6.54 mg/kg。3)膳食摄入风险评估结果表明：氰霜唑的风险概率为每人每日摄入总量的1.0%。[结论]在苦瓜生长期间按照推荐剂量合理使用氰霜唑对消费者的膳食健康风险极低,对消费者健康是安全的。     

果蔬汁中氯氰菊酯、多效唑、哒螨灵含量测定能力验证结果分析

目的分析果蔬汁中氯氰菊酯、多效唑、哒螨灵含量测定能力验证结果。方法本实验室参加中国检验检疫科学研究院测试评价中心组织的果蔬汁中氯氰菊酯、多效唑、哒螨灵的测定能力验证(ACAS-PT806-2019),根据能力验证作业指导书要求和样品情况,采用了QuEChERS样品前处理净化方案,气相色谱电子捕获检测器检测氯氰菊酯,内标法定量,液相色谱串联质谱检测多效唑和哒螨灵,外标法定量。结果 1号样品中氯氰菊酯、多效唑、哒螨灵残留量分别为0.098、0.043、0.084 mg/kg, 2号样品中氯氰菊酯、多效唑、哒螨灵残留量分别为:0.036、未检出、0.013 mg/kg。所有测定项目结果均为满意(|Z|≤2)。结论实验室解决了此次能力验证中没有空白样品,检测项目基质效应差异明显等难点。实验室农药残留检测能力得到有效验证和提高。     

Effects of ozone treatment on pesticide residues in food: a review

In agriculture, pesticide residues have always posed a major safety hazard to human health. With the development of agricultural production and improvements in science and technology, additional methods for degradation of pesticide residues have emerged. Amongst them, ozone treatment recently became a popular method owing to its outstanding technical advantages. This review is an in-depth analysis of the mechanisms by which ozone treatment degrades pesticide residues. The main mechanism involves direct oxidation by oxygen atoms, and indirect oxidation driven by hydroxyl radicals. The effects of ozone treatment on pesticide residues in food with respect to the ozone concentration, duration of ozone treatment, type of food, variety of pesticides, level of pesticide residues and environmental factors have been discussed. Furthermore, the impact of ozone treatment on the quality of food is highlighted. Low levels of ozone result in minor changes to the visual and sensory characteristics of food. In addition, this article discusses several restrictions surrounding the current application of ozone treatment for the degradation of pesticide residues. More specifically, the most crucial issue is the potential toxicity of ozonation byproducts generated by the process, which is also the current focus of research on ozone treatment for the degradation of pesticide residues. After weighing the advantages and disadvantages of ozone treatment, it is recommended as a method of degrading pesticide residues.     

气相色谱-串联质谱法测定鲜猴头菇中16种农药残留

建立气相色谱-串联质谱（GC-MS/MS）法测定猴头菇中16种农药残留的定性、定量分析检测方法。样品经乙腈旋涡振荡提取、净化、浓缩、过滤、定容后，采用气相色谱串联质谱进行定性、定量检测分析。结果表明，16种农药在质量浓度为0.05～1.00 μg/mL范围内的线性关系良好，相关系数（R2）为0.998 6～0.999 9。在猴头菇样品中分别添加质量浓度为0.05 mg/kg、0.20 mg/kg、0.40 mg/kg的混合农药组分，平均回收率为86.08%～93.63%，相对标准偏差（RSD）为3.96%～8.92%，检出限为0.010～0.075 mg/kg。该法操作便捷、灵敏度高、回收率良好、精密度可靠，适用于猴头菇中多种有机农药残留的同时检测。     

含多种农药残留的茶叶自然污染基质标准样品的研制

目的 建立了基于药物代谢的含多种农药残留的茶叶基质标准物质的研制与定值方法。方法 在茶树种植过程中喷施农药,使药物在茶树中自然代谢,从而获得有农药残留的自然污染样本,比较了不同制茶工艺及辐照灭菌对农药残留的影响,经均质、真空包装及辐照处理,获得了一批含有多种农药残留的茶叶自然污染样本。结果 经均匀性和稳定性检验,表明样本在最小取样量下的瓶间及瓶内均匀性良好,室温下可稳定保存至少60日。结论 所研制的标准样品为自然污染的茶叶,与日常检测样品基质完全一致,可应用于相关检测方法的开发、验证和检测结果的质量控制等。     

2018年欧盟食品中农药残留情况分析及启示

欧盟向来十分重视食品安全, 在农药残留监管方面, 建立了健全的农药残留监管体系。 本文从欧盟农药残留法规标准、监管部门及分工和欧盟农药残留控制计划3方面介绍了欧盟农药残留监管体系, 从欧盟协调控制计划和国家控制计划两部分分析了2018年欧盟食品中农药残留情况, 涉及样品来源、产品、农药、食品中草甘膦、进口食品、婴幼儿食品、有机食品和动物源性食品等。本文也指出了农药残留产生的原因和风险评估结果, 提出风险管理建议, 并借鉴其监管思路, 提出对我国农药残留监管的几点建议, 为食品安全监管决策提供参考。     

High throughput detection of antibiotic residues in milk by time-resolved fluorescence immunochromatography based on QR code

ABSTRACT

Herein, we have successfully established a novel, rapid, and simple lateral-flow immunoassay based on time-resolved fluorescence and biotin-streptavidin to detect the residues of various antibiotics in milk. The fluorescence signal and sensitivity of immunochromatography were enhanced through biotinylated antibody coupled with streptavidin europium microspheres. Moreover, due to the use of a QR Code and fluorescent reader, quantitative detection and real-time data uploading can be achieved. Under the optimal conditions, the various antibiotic residues were detected in the milk samples. The results showed that the limits of detection of tylosin, lincomycin and doxycycline were 0.10, 0.06, and 0.27 ng/mL, respectively. The recoveries of the spiked milk samples were 88.9%~127%, with coefficients of variation less than 11%, and the test strip can be stored at room temperature for 12 months. This study shows that the proposed time-resolved fluorescence immunoassay is sensitive, rapid and reliable, and has the potential to be used for detection of veterinary antibiotic residues in food safety fields.     

Facile Morphological Qualification of Transferred Graphene by Phase-Shifting Interferometry

Post-growth graphene transfer to a variety of host substrates for circuitry fabrication has been among the most popular subjects since its successful development via chemical vapor deposition in the past decade. Fast and reliable evaluation tools for its morphological characteristics are essential for the development of defect-free transfer protocols. The implementation of conventional techniques, such as Raman spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy (AFM), and transmission electron microscopy in production quality control at an industrial scale is difficult because they are limited to local areas, are time consuming, and their operation is complex. However, through a one-shot measurement within a few seconds, phase-shifting interferometry (PSI) successfully scans ≈1 mm² of transferred graphene with a vertical resolution of ≈0.1 nm. This provides crucial morphological information, such as the surface roughness derived from polymer residues, the thickness of the graphene, and its adhesive strength with respect to the target substrates. Graphene samples transferred via four different methods are evaluated using PSI, Raman spectroscopy, and AFM. Although the thickness of the nanomaterials measured by PSI can be highly sensitive to their refractive indices, PSI is successfully demonstrated to be a powerful tool for investigating the morphological characteristics of the transferred graphene for industrial and research purposes.