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1.
In the present study, a prebiotic acerola juice containing gluco-oligosaccharides and dextran was produced and processed by high-intensity ultrasound (HIUS). After a simulated in vitro digestion, the gluco-oligosaccharides and dextran maintained 90% and 80% of their initial concentration in all prebiotic’s juices. At the same time, Vitamin C and phenolic compounds concentration increased significantly by 19% and 7% (P < 0.05). After the in vitro digestion, the prebiotic juice HIUS processed by 10 min showed the highest increase in gluco-oligosaccharides and bioactive compound concentrations. The HIUS processing imparted some dextran hydrolysis and improved its fermentability by Lacticaseibacillus casei. Gluco-oligosaccharides were extensively consumed as substrate in simulated intestinal conditions, promoting the L. casei NRRL B-442 growth and production of organic acids and short-chain organic acids. The prebiotic juice HIUS processed for 6 min showed the best responses regarding the metabolism of L. casei NRRL B-442. The results showed high-intensity ultrasound processed acerola juices containing gluco-oligosaccharides and dextran as a prebiotic food.  相似文献   
2.
《Journal of dairy science》2022,105(6):5471-5492
The detection of reproductive tract disease (RTD) 3 wk postpartum is important because of its effect on subsequent reproductive outcomes. Numerous methods for the diagnosis of RTD are described, some of which are more practical and instantaneous in terms of diagnosis. Two of these methods involve identification of purulent vaginal discharge (PVD) and evidence of ultrasonographic uterine changes indicative of endometritis (UE). The objectives of our retrospective observational study were (1) to assess the association of PVD or UE score at the prebreeding examination (PBE) with the hazard of pregnancy within the subsequent breeding season; (2) to determine the test sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp) at the point of sampling of both tests using a Bayesian latent class model; and (3) to determine the effect of varying positivity thresholds on test accuracy. To achieve these objectives, we analyzed an initial data set of 5,049 PBE from 2,460 spring-calved cows in 8 herds between 2014 and 2018. Each PBE was conducted once between 25 and 86 d in milk. At each PBE, vaginal discharge was obtained with a Metricheck device (Simcro) whereas uterine contents were assessed using transrectal ultrasonography. Purulent vaginal discharge was scored on a scale of 0 to 3 depending on discharge character, and UE was scored on a scale of 0 to 4 depending on the presence and consistency of intraluminal fluid. Cows with scores of ≥2 in either test had received treatment. Fertility data were available from 4,756 PBE after data exclusion. The association between PVD or UE score at the PBE and subsequent hazard of pregnancy was analyzed using a Cox proportional hazards model. Cows with a PVD score of 2 or 3 were less likely to conceive than cows with a PVD score 0 [score 2 hazard ratio (HR) = 0.74; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.59–0.94; score 3 HR = 0.65; 95% CI: 0.51–0.84]. Cows with a UE score of 1, 2, 3, or 4 were less likely to conceive than cows with a UE score of 0 (score 1 HR = 0.82; 95% CI: 0.73–0.93; score 2 HR = 0.79; 95% CI: 0.62–1.00; score 3 HR = 0.43; 95% CI: 0.43–0.90; score 4 HR = 0.39; 95% CI: 0.26–0.58). To determine the Se and Sp of PVD or UE score for diagnosis of RTD at the time of PBE, a Bayesian latent class model was fitted on 2,460 individual cow PBE. Flat priors were used for the Se and Sp of UE, whereas informative priors were used for PVD Se (mode = 65%, 5th percentile = 45%) and Sp (mode = 90%, 5th percentile = 80%) and RTD prevalence (mode = 20%, 5th percentile = 10%). Posterior estimates (median and 95% Bayesian probability intervals; BPI) were obtained using ‘rjags' (R Studio). The optimal test thresholds (PVD and UE score ≥1) were selected by assessing the effect of different thresholds on test estimates and using a misclassification cost analysis. Based on these, median (95% BPI) Se for PVD and UE score ≥1 were 44% (29–60%) and 67% (33–100%), respectively. Median Sp for PVD and UE score ≥1 were 90% (86–93%) and 91% (86–93%), respectively. Higher scores in both tests were associated with impaired fertility, and UE scoring with a threshold of ≥1 had the highest test Se and Sp estimates although test Se was conditional on days in milk when the PBE occurred.  相似文献   
3.
In this study, the effect of high-intensity ultrasound (HIUS) (200 and 400 W for 0, 5, 10 and 15 min respectively) on conformational changes, physicochemical, rheological and emulsifying properties of scallop (Patinopecten yessoensis) myofibrillar protein (SMP) was investigated. HIUS-treated SMP had lower α-helix content and higher β-sheet content compared with the native SMP. HIUS treatment induced the unfolding of SMP and increased the surface hydrophobicity. The particle size of SMP decreased and the absolute zeta-potential increased after ultrasonication, which in turn increased the solubility of SMP. The conformational changes and the improvement of physicochemical properties of SMP increased the ability for SMP to lower the interfacial tension at the oil–water interface and increased the percentage of adsorbed protein. As a result, the emulsifying properties, rheological properties of SMP and storage stability of emulsions were also improved. In conclusion, HIUS treatment has future potential for improving the emulsifying properties of SMP.  相似文献   
4.
本研究通过硫酸水解、超声和TEMPO (2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶氧化物)氧化3种处理方法分别制备了纳米纤维素(CFR-CNC、CFR-CNF和CFR-TNC)及相应薄膜,对纳米纤维素微观形态、结晶度、热稳定性和化学结构进行了表征,同时比较了纳米纤维素薄膜的形态和机械性能。结果表明,3种纳米纤维素具有不同的长宽比(29.2、163.7、132.2)和结晶度(62.5%、52.8%、43.9%)。红外光谱图表明,3种纳米纤维素的纤维素分子结构并未改变,且CFR-TNC成功引入羧基。3种纳米纤维素薄膜中,CFR-CNF薄膜具有较高的拉伸强度(36.6 MPa),CFR-CNC薄膜具有较好的抗形变能力,并且3种薄膜均具有良好的透光性。  相似文献   
5.
本实验以百香果果皮为原料,采用超声提取工艺,探索乙醇浓度、料液比、提取时间、提取温度、超声功率这五个实验因素对黄酮提取率的影响。在单因素实验结果的基础上,采用响应面建立了提取百香果果皮中黄酮的二次多项数学模型,并进一步验证了该模型的有效性,同时利用响应面分析法对提取工艺进行优化。结果表明:在乙醇浓度60%、提取时间40 min、提取温度50℃,料液比(g/mL)1∶50,超声功率250 W条件下,测得黄酮得率为19.2124 mg/g,该工艺提取量稳定,方法简单、可靠。  相似文献   
6.
针对高温严苛条件下铸锻件内部温度场非接触测量困难这一问题,提出了基于弯曲效应和三角形前向展开法的高温铸锻件温度场非接触电磁超声斜入射横波重构方法。结合数值仿真和730℃电磁超声检测实验,对直入射横波的三角形追踪数学模型进行了验证,并研究了声束入射角、温度梯度对斜入射横波的传播路径和渡越时间的影响,比较了不同入射角的斜入射横波的温度灵敏度系数。结果表明:基于三角形前向展开法的高温锻件温度场直入射横波重建误差在3%以内。当采用斜入射横波时,声线传播路径受温度梯度、入射角度的影响较大,且对温度梯度的变化更加敏感,无论使用横波渡越时间还是横波出射点位置偏移量均可重构高温铸锻件的内部温度场。  相似文献   
7.
束鑫  常锋  张歆  杜睿  余转 《计算机科学》2021,48(4):151-156
孕期超声检查是评估胎儿大脑发育、检测生长异常的重要步骤,开展对胎儿早期检查准确高效的诊断研究具有重要的临床价值。文中使用双线性卷积神经网络BCNN进行胎儿颅脑横切面识别,提出了BCNN-R和BCNN-S两种算法。BCNN算法首先对输入的胎儿颅脑超声影像数据进行预处理,去除个人信息等敏感信息;其次,利用两路并行的子网络从影像数据中提取辨识度高、鲁棒性强的横切面特征,并将其融合得到有助于识别的细微特征;最后使用线性连接层进行识别和分类。为了验证算法的有效性,在自建胎儿超声数据集JFU19上进行了对比实验,实验结果表明,所提算法相比常见的深度网络(GoogleNet,DenseNet,SeNet等)在分类性能上有明显的提升,其中BCNN-S算法的总体准确率达到了88.95%,BCNN-R在水平横切面的识别上达到了97.22%的精确度和88.61%的召回率。此外,在公开数据集HC18上进行了实验,BCNN算法的准确率、精确度、召回率分别达到了89.48%,87.66%和87.71%,进一步验证了算法的有效性。  相似文献   
8.
The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of high-intensity ultrasound (HIU) on physical properties, degree of oxidation, and oxidative stability of structured lipids (SLs). Caprylic acid (C) and stearic acid (S) were incorporated into menhaden oil using Lipozyme® 435 lipase to obtain five samples: (1) LC 20 (menhaden oil with 20% of C), (2) LC 30 (menhaden oil with 30% C), (3) LS 20 (menhaden oil with 20% S), (4) LS 30 (menhaden oil with 30% S), and (5) Blend C (menhaden oil with 16.24% C and 13.04% S). Samples were crystallized for 90 min at the following temperatures: (1) LC 20 at 15.5°C, (2) LC 30 at 17.5°C, (3) LS 20 at 24°C, (4) LS 30 at 30°C, and (5) Blend C at 18.0°C, and HIU was applied at the onset of crystallization. Physical properties, degree of oxidation, and oxidative stability were evaluated in sonicated and nonsonicated samples. All SLs had statistically higher G′ after sonication. Sonicated LS 30, LC 30, and Blend C had a higher melting enthalpy than the nonsonicated ones, while enthalpy values in sonicated LS 20 and LC 20 samples were not statistically different than the nonsonicated ones. No significant difference between sonicated and nonsonicated samples was observed in peroxide values (1.2 ± 0.1 meq/kg, p > 0.05) and in the oxidative stability index (6.3 ± 0.2 h, p > 0.05). These results showed that HIU was effective at changing physical properties without affecting the oxidation of the samples.  相似文献   
9.
Ultrasound is an emerging technology that can be applied to monitor food processes. However, ultrasonic techniques are usually limited to research activities within a laboratory environment and they are not extensively used in industrial processes. The aim of this paper is to describe a novel ultrasonic sensor designed to monitor physical–chemical changes that occur in wines stored in industrial tanks. Essentially, the sensor consists of an ultrasonic transducer in contact with a buffer rod, mounted inside a stainless steel tube section. This structure allows the ultrasonic sensor to be directly installed in stainless steel tanks of an industrial plant. The operating principle of this design is based on the measurement of ultrasonic velocity of propagation. To test its proper operation, the sensor has been used to measure changes of concentration in aqueous samples and to monitor the progress of a malolactic fermentation of red wines in various commercial wineries. Results show the feasibility of using this sensor for monitoring malolactic fermentations in red wines placed in industrial tanks.  相似文献   
10.
This study investigated the effect of the combination of basic electrolysed water (BEW) and slightly acid electrolysed water (SAEW) with ultrasound (US) for cleaning and sanitation of the knives used in slaughtering processes. The knives were sonicated in a US bath using two modes of operation (normal and sweep) in two steps: (i) 5 min with BEW and (ii) 10 min with SAEW at 35 °C. The microbiological counts and the possible changes in the physical structure of the knives were evaluated. The association BEW + SAEW + US, in the sweep mode, provided lower mesophilic, enterobacterial, Staphylococcus aureus and yeast counts when compared to the values recommended by the international legislation. In addition, these conditions removed all organic residues from the knife blades and promoted the highest migration rate of the residues to the US water bath (12.35 mg/L·min), without modifications in the knife blades. Thus, cleaning and sanitation of knives was feasible with the association of BEW + SAEW + US, which could be a useful alternative for the meat industry.  相似文献   
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