PPS针刺过滤毡常温下拉伸特点研究

结合PPS基布和PTFE基布的经、纬向拉伸性能及其经、纬纱拉伸性能的测试结果,研究分析了PPS基布针刺过滤毡与PTFE基布针刺过滤毡经、纬向所表现的不同拉伸特性。建议针对清灰机理,对除尘滤料的经向、纬向结构进行优化设计。     

载荷对PTFE/AlSi10Mg复合材料摩擦磨损行为的影响

采用选区激光熔化(SLM)、浸渗和真空烧结工艺制备了以AlSi10Mg为基体的多孔骨架填充聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)的自润滑复合材料。采用往复式Bruker UMT-3摩擦试验机研究了速度为5mm/s、不同载荷下复合材料的摩擦磨损性能,并采用SEM、EDS等对其成分、结构以及摩擦学行为进行了研究。结果表明,复合材料的平均摩擦因数和磨损率随着载荷的增加呈现先增大后减小的趋势;复合材料的摩擦稳定性主要由存储在骨架中的PTFE决定。其摩擦机制主要是在载荷的作用下,当磨擦表面发生磨损时,骨架中的PTFE将磨屑捕获,形成完整的PTFE润滑层,并且发生膜的转移,从而增加了复合材料的摩擦学稳定性。     

硅烷偶联剂对表面微坑复合PTFE的减摩及缓释性能影响研究

目的探究硅烷偶联剂对缸套表面微坑复合PTFE微粒的减摩和缓释性能的影响。方法利用激光刻蚀机在缸套表面加工不同参数的微坑,并依据摩擦系数对表面微坑参数进行优化。选取最佳表面微坑参数,进行加工,并机械涂覆经硅烷偶联剂修饰的PTFE,制备复合润滑结构。采取往复式摩擦磨损试验机对复合润滑结构的减摩性能进行分析。利用SEM和EDS研究摩擦副的表面形貌和成分,采用三维共聚焦显微镜研究微坑内PTFE的释放情况。结果在热压复合方法下,直径为0.4 mm、深度为120μm的微坑复合PTFE具有最佳的减摩效果。硅烷偶联剂的加入会进一步改善摩擦副之间的减摩性能,其摩擦系数为0.1248。与未处理缸套试样、微坑处理缸套试样、热压复合PTFE缸套试样进行对比,其摩擦系数分别降低了24.3%、18.8%和11.2%。另外,硅烷偶联剂还可以减缓表面微坑内PTFE的释放,延长作用时效,与热压复合方法相比,微坑内PTFE颗粒的释放速率约降低96.3%。结论复合润滑结构能够改善摩擦副之间的摩擦状况,其减摩和缓释机理是固体自润滑材料、表面微坑和硅烷偶联剂协同作用的结果。     

A novel route for synthesis of alumina–chromium carbide composites from PTFE-activated Cr2O3/Al/C combustion

Fabrication of alumina-chromium carbide composites was investigated by PTFE-activated Cr₂O₃/Al/C combustion synthesis. PTFE was employed as not only a reaction promoter, but a carburizing agent. Three reaction systems were prepared with different contents of carbon for the synthesis of Cr₂₃C₆, Cr₇C₃, and Cr₃C₂. The amounts of PTFE were selected to ensure combustion synthesis in the SHS (self-propagating high-temperature synthesis) mode and to provide carbon in quantities of 15 and 25?mol% of the total carbon. Experimental results showed that the combustion wave velocity and temperature decreased with increasing carbon, but increased with PTFE. A correlation between combustion wave velocity and temperature contributed to determination of the activation energy E_a =?89.15?kJ/mol for the combustion reaction. The increase of PTFE also improved formation of chromium carbides. As a result, the Cr₂₃C₆– and Cr₇C₃–Al₂O₃ composites were produced with almost no impurities. Due to a loss of carbon in carbothermic reduction, the Cr₃C₂–Al₂O₃ composite was obtained with Cr₇C₃ as the secondary carbide. SEM micrographs and DES analyses indicated that spherical carbide grains with a size of 0.5–3.0 μm were synthesized.     

GCr15钢微织构表面固体润滑性能研究

为研究不同表面处理方式对PTFE/GCr15钢配副表面摩擦学性能的影响,采用Nd:YAG纳秒激光器对GCr15轴承钢下试样表面进行激光织构加工,并以纳米MoS_2固体润滑剂作为润滑介质,以黏结有PTFE自润滑衬垫的圆柱销作为上试样进行对摩试验。研究发现:PTFE自润滑衬垫与微织构GCr15摩擦副在干摩擦条件下摩擦因数较低,仅为0.137,而在纳米MoS_2固体润滑剂润滑条件下,其摩擦因数进一步下降为0.123,且波动较小。通过EDS分析表明,表面微织构、聚四氟乙烯衬垫与纳米MoS_2润滑介质三者具有协同润滑减摩效应,可摩擦副表面生成一层由PTFE与纳米MoS_2材料组成的致密、平滑复合润滑膜,有效改善对摩副之间的润滑特性。研究表明,通过表面激光织构技术与固体自润滑技术(添加纳米MoS_2)的有效集成融合,可进一步改善PTFE/GCr15钢配副的润滑性能。     

氘重氧水液相催化交换法氢正常化工艺研究

液相催化交换法是有效的氢同位素分离方法之一，传统电解法进行氘重氧水氢正常化安全风险大，生产成本高，为此利用液相催化交换法对含氘重氧水进行除氘实验。结果表明，反应温度在30~70 ℃内，随着温度升高，含氘重氧水除氘过程的总体积传质系数（Kya）值先变大后变小，当温度大于60 ℃后，总体积传质系数Kya值逐渐变小，最优反应温度为60 ℃；气液比（摩尔比）在0.5~3.0之间，随着气液比增加，含氘重氧水除氘过程的Kya值愈大，含氘重氧水除氘效果越好，但过大的气液比会引起气液夹带甚至导致液泛，降低反应效率。实验结果可为开展高氘浓度氘重氧水液相催化交换法氢正常化工艺研究提供依据。     

Concentration of glycerol from dilute glycerol wastewater using sweeping gas membrane distillation

In this work, experimental results for the concentration of dilute glycerol wastewater using membrane distillation (MD) with a microporous hydrophobic flat-sheet PTFE membrane are reported. Experiments were performed using the sweeping gas mode of the MD (SGMD) process. The effects of various operating variables, such as feed temperature, glycerol concentration in aqueous phase, feed flow rate and sweeping gas flow rate were studied. A Taguchi analysis has been performed on the experimental results which determined the effects and contribution of each of the factors on the distillate flux and the interactions between the operating variables. Results showed that the most influential factor was feed temperature. The second significant contribution was observed for the sweeping gas flow rate. Feed concentration had a negative effect on the distillate flux. At optimum conditions (i.e. 65 °C, 400 mL/min, 1 mass%, and 0.453 Nm³/h), the Taguchi model predicted the value of the response (the distillate flux) as 20.93 L/m² h, which had good agreement with the experimental results.     

PTFE中空纤维膜萃取苯甲酸工艺研究

以氢氧化钠溶液为萃取剂,采用PTFE中空纤维膜萃取料液中的苯甲酸,考察了料液相苯甲酸的初始浓度、料液相初始pH、料液相与萃取相流量比、萃取剂的初始浓度对苯甲酸萃取率(η)的影响。结果表明,随着料液初始浓度增大,η增大,当苯甲酸浓度1 g/L时,η减小,但膜通量基本不变,即存在一个最大膜通量,此时苯甲酸浓度变化对传质无影响;料液的pH值下降,η增大;萃取相氢氧化钠浓度增大,η增大;存在一个最佳相流量比(Q料/Q萃)为1.8。另外,温度升高有利于膜萃取。     

PTFE中空纤维膜萃取烟酸工艺研究

以氢氧化钠溶液为萃取剂,采用PTFE中空纤维膜萃取料液中的烟酸,考察了料液相烟酸的初始浓度、料液相初始pH值、料液相与萃取相流量比、萃取剂的初始浓度对烟酸萃取率(η)的影响。结果表明,随着料液初始浓度增大,η增大,当烟酸浓度0.9 g/L时,η减小,但膜通量基本不变,即存在一个最大膜通量,此时烟酸浓度变化对传质无影响;烟酸料液存在一个最佳pH值为4~5;萃取相氢氧化钠浓度增大,η增大;存在一个最佳相流量比(Q料/Q萃)为2.1;温度升高有利于膜萃取。     

PTFE填充PI基复合材料摩擦学性能

以聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)为填料,聚酰亚胺(PI)为基体,通过机械冷压法制备了聚酰亚胺/聚四氟乙烯(PI/PTFE)自润滑复合材料。研究了PTFE在复合材料中质量分数对该材料和金属试件对磨时摩擦学性能的影响。结果表明:在一定质量范围内PTFE的加入对于提高复合材料耐磨性具有积极的促进作用。当PTFE质量分数为30%时,PI/PTFE复合材料磨损率最低。和纯PI相比,填充PTFE的复合材料耐磨性提高3个数量级。对试件磨损形貌的分析表明:在对偶面形成转移膜的连续性直接影响PI/PTFE复合材料的摩擦磨损行为。对应最佳摩擦学性能时形成的自润滑转移膜更加连续、光滑和完整。