The liquid–liquid flow dynamics and droplet formation in a modified step T-junction microchannel

The droplet generation mechanism in the asymmetrically enhanced step T-junction remains unknown, especially for the transition stage from dripping to jetting regimes. In this work, the droplet generation mechanism was systematically investigated in a modified step T-junction by modulating a large flowrate range and altering different interfacial tensions. We found that under different fluid regimes, both the capillary number and flow rate ratio of continuous and dispersed phase showcase completely different impacts over droplet generation. In dripping regime, the interfacial tension, which was controlled by changing the surfactant concentration, dominated the formation mechanism when the surfactant concentration was found below micelle concentration. In jetting regime, our experimental results showed that the influence of the surfactant concentration on the size of generated droplets was rather negligible while the flow rate ratio of continuous and dispersed phase indeed determined such a parameter. In the dripping-jetting transition stage, an increase of droplet size was observed despite the increase of continuous phase flow. After reaching a peak, the droplet dimension started to decrease with the increase of continuous phase flow as expected. To the best for our knowledge, it is the first study to report generation mechanism in modified step T-junction from dripping to jetting regimes.     

Determination of interfacial tension and viscosity under dripping flow in a step T-junction microdevice

Microfluidic approaches for the determination of interfacial tension and viscosity of liquid-liquid systems still face some challenges. One of them is liquid-liquid systems with low interfacial and high viscosity, because dripping flow in normal microdevices can't be easily realized for the systems. In this work, we designed a capillary embedded step T-junction microdevice to develop a modified microfluidic approach to determine the interfacial tension of several systems, specially, for the systems with low interfacial tension and high viscosity. This method combines a classical T-junction geometry with a step to strengthen the shear force further to form monodispersed water/oil (w/o) or aqueous two-phase (ATP) droplet under dripping flow. For systems with low interfacial tension and high viscosity, the operating range for dripping flow is relative narrow whereas a wider dripping flow operating range can be realized in this step T-junction microdevice when the capillary number of the continuous phase is in the range of 0.01 to 0.7. Additionally, the viscosity of the continuous phase was also measured in the same microdevice. Several different systems with an interfacial tension from 1.0 to 8.0 mN·m^-1 and a viscosity from 0.9 to 10 mPa·s were measured accurately. The experimental results are in good agreement with the data obtained from a commercial interfacial tensiometer and a spinning digital viscometer. This work could extend the application of microfluidic flows.     

一种Ka波段三路波导功率分配/合成器的设计

提出了一种波导三路功分器结构,该功分器采用E面T型缝隙耦合结构来实现功分比的调节。通过调节耦合缝隙以及感性膜片,使输入阻抗匹配并且实现等功率同相位的三路功分输出。为了实现功率合成,采用对称的两个三路功分器进行背靠背级联实现功率合成网络,仿真结果显示出良好的驻波效果和极低的插损。最终对加工出的实物进行测量,在32.5~36 GHz频段内实现了输出功率幅度不平衡度小于0.5 dB的良好效果。通过背靠背连接两个功分器实现了在33.3~35.3 GHz带宽内插损小于0.3 dB的功率分配/合成网络。     

气/汽-液相分离技术研究进展

从相分离原理的角度出发,分别介绍了惯性力相分离、离心力相分离以及毛细力相分离技术。其中,惯性力相分离技术主要介绍T型管的应用,毛细力相分离技术分别介绍了毛细管、多孔膜以及金属丝网3种主要结构。同时简要评价了各相分离技术的优缺点及发展趋势。     

Simulation and experimental investigation on gas-liquid two-phase flow separation behaviors in multitube T-Junction separator

A specially designed separator for gas-liquid two-phase flow separation and measurement is proposed. The flow characteristics and working scope are studied under different gas/liquid superficial velocities and different flow patterns through FLUENT numerical simulation and experimental research. The working scope of the separator is related to both the gas and liquid superficial velocity. The separator work well under the when the gas superficial velocity ranges from 0.65 to 21 m/s, and the liquid superficial velocity ranges from 0.01 to 0.31 m/s. When the actual working condition is beyond this range, the performance is not so outstanding in case of partial slug flow and annular. Under the working range of the separator, the measurement error of gas and liquid mass flow rates is less than ±2.5%. The special structure provides a buffer space for liquid slug, which shows good shock resistance capacity under high liquid superficial velocity. The investigation offers a valuable guidance for multiphase flow rates measurement.     

Effect of property variations on the mixing of laminar supercritical water streams in a T-junction

The effect of variation of supercritical water properties with temperature and pressure on the mixing characteristics of streams having different temperatures in a T shaped channel is investigated numerically by considering steady, low Reynolds number flows with the assumption of negligible bouyancy effects. The Reynolds number of the cold stream in the range 0.1 to 100, inlet temperature of hot stream varying from 300 K to 800 K, the ratio of mass flow rate of cold stream to total mass flow rate in the range of 0.1 to 0.90 and the operating pressures from 25 MPa to 45 MPa at a cold fluid inlet temperature of 293.15 K are considered as parameters controlling the mixing of hot and cold streams. The effect of property variations on the outcome of the mixing is more important for low Reynolds numbers and hot fluid inlet temperatures above the pseudo-critical temperature and result in a non-uniform temperature distribution in the outlet section.     

新型复合T型管对液液二相流的分离

T型管分离器是一类新型的二相流分离器,具有集约、连续、简单、经济、安全以及安装、更新、维护方便等优点,缺点是简单T型管作为分离器在分离二相流时的分离效率往往不高,只能起到部分分离的作用。新型复合T型管是对简单T型管的一种改进,以期能提高二相流的分离效率。以煤油和水为液液二相工作介质,用主管水平,侧支管垂直向上的简单T型管和复合T型管作为二相流分离器,在分层流和有混合界面的分层流的二相流型条件下,进行二相流的相分离实验。实验结果表明:2种流型下复合T型管对二相流的分离效果都比简单T型管好,增加复合T型管的连接管数,能进一步提高分离效率;在分层流时连接管数为5管及以上的复合T就能将液液二相完全分离;入口流型中二相的混合程度越高,最高分离效率越低;水相体积分数对分离效率的影响与流型相关。复合T型管分离液液二相流技术具有很好的工业应用前景。     

主支管动量比对T型管道流体混合过程影响

采用大涡模拟(large-eddy simulation,LES)的方法对T型管道内主管与支管不同动量比的流体混合过程的流动情况进行了数值模拟,采用时均值和均方根值来描述速度的平均大小和波动强度。通过改变主管和支管的速度比即动量比,将流体分为三类:碰撞射流、偏射流和壁面射流,研究其对速度的平均值和波动的影响,并研究其所反映的惯性力对流动的影响。该研究揭示了流体混合过程中动量比对波动的影响规律,对预测和校核管壁疲劳失效具有重要的指导意义。     

一种新型的毫米波紧凑波导双工器

利用电路等效分析法结合全波建模提出具有宽带工作特性的改进型H面T型结。结合交叉耦合原理和一腔多模理论,通过S参数的多项式综合和矩阵消零的方法提取滤波器耦合矩阵。设计了新型结构的双模交叉耦合毫米波双工器。测试结果表明,相比于传统的单模直接耦合双工器,这种双工器不但尺寸更加紧凑,而且具有更好的频率选择性及隔离度等优点。