Physical properties of microwave and solid state synthesized La0.7Na0.3MnO3

We report the structural, magnetic, electrical and broadband microwave absorption in La_0.7Na_0.3MnO₃ sample synthesized by microwave (MW) irradiation (Na_0.3LMO_MW) and compare them to the sample synthesized by solid-state (SS) reaction method (Na_0.3LMO_SS). Single phase Na_0.3LMO_MW was synthesized at 800 °C in 30 min, whereas, Na_0.3LMO_SS sample was obtained by sintering at 1200 °C for 48 h. Although both these samples show ferromagnetic transition at T_C ～324.8 K, the MW-synthesized sample shows distinct physical properties: broad ferromagnetic transition, smaller saturation magnetization, a large difference between the magnetic ordering and metal-insulator transition temperatures, a large high-field magnetoresistance, a table top-like magnetocaloric effect, and a large low-field microwave absorption compared to the solid state synthesized sample. These differences are suggested to arise from magnetic heterogeneity induced by smaller grain size and surface spin disorder in the MW synthesized La_0.7Na_0.3MnO₃.     

疫情下电磁场理论课程的网络教学

本文主要总结了新冠疫情期间作者的电磁场理论课程在线教学经验。对比分析了录播和直播的优缺点后,选择录播教学方式。基于超星网络教学平台,展示了录播网络教学的具体措施,包括网上答疑和学习效果检查以及在线批改作业等。给出了网络教学可以为线下教学继续使用的方法和手段,为疫情结束后的正常教学提供了新的网络教学补充措施。     

Impact of viscous dissipation and Dufour on MHD natural convective flow past an accelerated vertical plate with Hall current

The present research work concentrates on viscous dissipation, Dufour, and heat source on an unsteady magnetohydrodynamics natural convective flow of a viscous, incompressible, and electrically conducting fluid past an exponentially accelerated infinite vertical plate in the existence of a strong magnetic field. The presence of the Hall current induces a secondary flow in the problem. The distinguishing features of viscous dissipation and heat flux produced due to gradient of concentration included in the model along with heat source as they are known to arise in thermal-magnetic polymeric processing. The flow equations are discretized implicitly using the finite difference method and solved using MATLAB fsolve routine. Numerical values of the primary and secondary velocities, temperature, concentration, skin friction, Nusselt number, and Sherwood number are illustrated and presented via graphs and tables for various pertinent parametric values. The Dufour effect was observed to strengthen the velocity and temperature profile in the flow domain. In contrast, due to the impact of viscous dissipation, the local Nusselt number reduces. The study also reveals that the inclusion of the chemical reaction term augments the mass transfer rate and diminishes the heat transfer rate at the plate.     

水力空化改质对重质原油沥青质及性质的影响

利用水力空化过程产生局部的高温、高压、高射流以及强大的剪切力等极端化学物理条件改质处理沙特重质原油，试验结果表明：沙特重质原油经过水力空化改质后粘度由13.61降低至7.22mm2/s，残碳由7.16%降低至6.48%，实沸点蒸馏后减压渣油降低1个百分点。进一步采用APPI FT-IR MS、XRD、FT-IR、SEM和粒度分布等技术研究了水力空化改质对沙重原油分子组成，沥青质团聚体微晶结构、沥青质胶束粒径分布、沥青质官能团、沥青质形貌等方面的影响，从分子角度阐述空化改质重油的机理。研究结果表明：水力空化改质后沙重原油分子量分布、芳烃类化合物缔合作用变小；沥青质对低DBE化合物吸附性能降低；沥青质团聚体微晶结构更加松散；沥青质胶束粒度分布降低；沥青质分子相互团聚作用力减弱。进一步考察了水力空化改质前后减压渣油延迟焦化性能，改质处理后焦炭产率降低1.85个百分点，液体收率和气体产率分别增加1.52和0.33个百分点，水力空化改质对沥青质性质、结构特点的改善能够有效的提高其加工性能。     

Experimental research on combined effect of obstacle and local spraying water fog on hydrogen/air premixed explosion

In order to reveal the mechanism of water fog explosion suppression and research the combined effect of water fog and obstacle on hydrogen/air deflagration, multiple sets of experiments were set up. The results show that the instability of thermal diffusion under lean combustion conditions is the main influencing factor of hydrogen/air flame surface instability, and the existence of water fog will aggravate the hydrogen/air flame surface instability. When obstacle is not considered, 8 μm, 15 μm, 30 μm water fog can significantly reduce the flame velocity and explosion overpressure of hydrogen/air, 45 μm fine water fog plays the opposite role. When considering the relative position of the water fog release position and the obstacle, the 8 μm, 15 μm, 30 μm water fog has almost no suppression effect when released near the obstacle, but a significant suppression effect occur, when using the 45 μm water fog. In the field of theoretical research, the research results not only provide an experimental basis for the fine water fog to reduce the consequences of hydrogen explosion accidents, and the optimal diameter range used by the water fog, but also provide experimental reference for the numerical simulation of hydrogen/air explosion suppression in semi-open space, and promote the development of hydrogen explosion suppression theory. In terms of engineering applications, this study can provide a theoretical basis for the layout of fire fighting equipment in the engine room of nuclear power plants or hydrogen-powered ships.     

下扬子地区下志留统风暴沉积特征及风暴作用对泥页岩品质的影响

近年来在下扬子地区页岩气地质调查井所获取的地层岩心资料，揭示该地区下志留统风暴沉积较为发育。基于精细的岩心观察描述，详细分析了下扬子地区下志留统高家边组下段中上部风暴沉积的特征，并阐明了风暴作用对泥页岩的影响。研究表明：研究区风暴岩岩性偏细，以粉砂岩为主，石英含量较高，结构成熟度较低，具2种不同的粒度概率曲线；主要发育底部冲刷面、块状层理、平行层理、丘状交错层理、波纹交错层理、准同生变形构造等沉积构造；垂向上主要识别出4种风暴沉积序列，均具有从底到顶粒度变细的沉积特征，不同的沉积序列与风暴流能量的强弱有关。下扬子地区早志留世频繁的风暴活动与研究区的古地理背景和古气候条件具有内在联系。特大型风暴对浅海陆棚深水区的细粒泥质沉积物特征产生重要影响，包括降低有机质含量、减少单层厚度、破坏垂向连续性、改变原始沉积构造和侧向稳定性等，总体上降低了泥页岩的品质。因此，研究认为在页岩气的勘探和评价过程中应重视风暴因素对陆棚深水区原始泥质沉积物的影响。     

高光谱成像用高帧频CMOS图像传感器北大核心

针对高帧频、全局曝光和光谱平坦等成像应用需求,设计了一款高光谱成像用CMOS图像传感器。其光敏元采用PN型光电二极管,读出电路采用5T像素结构。采用列读出电路以及高速多通道模拟信号并行读出的设计方案来获得低像素固定图像噪声(FPN)和非均匀性抑制。芯片采用ASMC 0.35μm三层金属两层多晶硅标准CMOS工艺流片,为了抑制光电二极管的光谱干涉效应,后续进行了光谱平坦化VAE特殊工艺,并对器件的光电性能进行了测试评估。电路测试结果符合理论设计预期,成像效果良好,像素具备积分可调和全局快门功能,最终实现的像素规模为512×256,像元尺寸为30μm×30μm,最大满阱电子为400 ke^(-),FPN小于0.2%,动态范围为72 dB,帧频为450 f/s,相邻10 nm波段范围内量子效率相差小于10%,可满足高光谱成像系统对CMOS成像器件的要求。     

MP PFGun脉冲爆燃压裂技术在阿曼SSM-XX井的应用

简要叙述了MP PFGun技术工作原理、系统结构特点以及PropFrac脉冲压裂模拟器软件基本功能,并对SSM-XX井的模拟计算P-T曲线和井下压力仪实测曲线进行了对比。结果表明:SM-XX井采用MP PFGun电缆输送工艺安全,脉冲压裂持续时间长,且利用PropFrac模拟软件指导施工设计,取得了较好的应用效果。     

Cooperative role of cobalt and gallium under the ethanol steam reforming on Co/CeGaOx

The performance of gallium promoted cobalt-ceria catalysts for ethanol steam reforming (ESR) was studied using H₂O/C₂H₅OH = 6/1 mol/mol at 500 °C. The catalysts were synthetized via cerium-gallium co-precipitation and wetness impregnation of cobalt. A detailed characterization by N₂-physisorption, XRD, H₂-TPR and TEM allowed the normalization of contact time and rationalization of the role of each catalysts component for ESR. The gallium promoted catalyst, Co/Ce₉₀Ga₁₀O_x, was more efficient for the ethanol conversion to H₂ and CO₂, and the production of oxygenated by-products (such as, acetaldehyde and acetone) than Co/CeO₂. The catalytic performance is explained assuming that: (i) bare ceria is able to dehydrogenate ethanol to ethylene; (ii) Ce–O–Ga interface catalyzes ethanol reforming; (iii) both Ce–O–Co and Ce–O–Ga interfaces takes part in acetone production; and (iv) cobalt sites further allow C–C scission. It is suggested that a cooperative role between Co and Ce–O–Ga sites enhance the H₂ and CO₂ yields under ESR conditions.     

Thermal and photon effects on the reaction of H2 and O2 to water over Ag–Pd/TiO2

The reaction of H₂ and O₂ to water are studied over a Ag–Pd/TiO₂ anatase catalyst, under dark and photo-irradiation conditions in the gas and liquid phases. The catalyst consisted of metal particles of mean size of ca.1 nm dispersed over 10–15 nm TiO₂ particles. Kinetic parameters including order of reaction (n), rate constant (k), and activation energy (E_a), were evaluated. E_a for the thermal reaction was found to be 49-47 kJ mol^?1. The oxidation reaction rate constant was found to be ca. 3 times higher in the presence of photons when compared to dark reaction at room temperature. The overall quantum yield of the reaction in the slurry phase was found to be 0.09. Considering the number of metal particles on TiO₂, the photon yield per metal particle was found to be 0.16. A possible explanation of the changes in kinetics with respect to experimental conditions is given.