深锥形槽体对细粒煤干扰沉降分级实验研究

本文重点研究了自制深锥形干扰沉降分级机在不同影响因素下对细粒煤的分级效率,结果表明:底部和中部同时给水形式的设计有利于细粒煤分级,底部与中部给水量比值对分级效率有一定影响但不明显;给料速度及浓度值越低,细粒煤分级效率越高。该装置的适宜分级条件为流量配比2∶1、给料速度0.50m/s、矿浆浓度40%时,粒级级配(0.25~0.125mm和1.0~0.5mm)分级效率接近65%,较常规分级旋流器分级效率50%~60%提高约5%~15%,实验结果表明深锥形干扰沉降分级机可有效实现细粒煤的分级。     

全局力平衡PDC钻头布齿优化设计

针对聚晶金刚石复合片(PDC)钻头在钻井破岩过程中因受力不平衡，导致钻井倾斜、井径扩大、钻头产生横向振动和涡动，造成钻头早期失效的问题，基于已有PDC钻头切削力学知识，构建了PDC钻头弯曲力矩及全局力平衡布齿优化设计模型，并提出模型求解方法。布齿设计实例结果表明，采用全局力平衡布齿设计方法得到的布齿结构可使PDC钻头在不同进尺条件下均能保持全局力平衡状态，尤其低进尺（小于1 mm）时的力平衡状态得到极大改善，提高了PDC钻头的钻井稳定性，对于改善钻头受力、提升钻头使用寿命、提高钻井质量与效率具有重要意义。     

Quality assurance and quality control of subgrade compaction using the dynamic cone penetrometer

The Dynamic Cone Penetrometer (DCP) is a device that is used in the construction industry for the assessment of in situ soil compaction quality. Over the past few decades, numerous correlations have been developed between the DCP test results and soil strength and stiffness parameters. This paper proposes a comprehensive set of criteria and recommendations for quality control (QC) of compacted subgrade that take into account the inherent statistical variability of DCP test results. For the development of the QC criteria, a new statistical methodology is used to extract representative test values from the raw field DCP test data. In order to use the proposed QC criteria, soils are first classified into two broad categories (fine-grained and coarse-grained) depending on their fabric and response to compaction efforts. Test results indicate that (i) for fine-grained soils, the DCP test values have good correlation with the plasticity index (PI), which is indicative of the type and amount of clay content of the soil and (ii) for coarse-grained soils, the DCP test values have good correlation with the optimum water content of the soil, which is directly related to its in situ density. DCP blow count correlation equations are presented for both soil categories. Recommendations for field DCP testing and data analysis are also provided to highlight the significance of the statistical distribution of the DCP test results in QC testing of compacted subgrade.     

基于3DEC的结构面对采空区的影响机制

Ⅳ级结构面是构成岩块的边界面,影响着地下工程岩体的物理力学性质及应力分布状态。基于3DEC离散元软件,在特定的采空区应力场下,针对单组结构面以及多组结构面中可产生滑塌锥的情况分别开展了研究。结果表明:1)单组结构面对采空区的影响形式为滑移破坏,随着结构面倾角的增大,采空区顶板最大位移先增大后减小。2)多组结构面形成滑塌锥后并不一定意味着塌落,在黏聚力以及内摩擦角较大时滑塌锥仍然可以保持稳定;在黏聚力—内摩擦角—滑塌锥位移的三维曲面图中,形成稳定区、塌落区、滑移区三类。3)利用极限平衡理论对滑塌锥的稳定性进行力学分析,提出滑塌锥失稳的判定条件,具有一定的工程实用价值。     

海冰载荷作用下风力机抗冰锥体减载研究

提出了锥体抗冰结构来降低海冰对风力机结构的影响。以NREL 5 MW近海三叶片水平轴风力机为研究对象,基于Ralston算法建立冰载荷模型,采用开源多体动力学软件FAST计算塔架结构动力学响应,研究了不同锥角抗冰结构下塔顶位移和塔架载荷特性。结果表明:锥体结构能有效地缓解由海冰造成的危害,塔架剪切力、海冰载荷及塔顶位移随锥角的降低而减小,锥角由70°降至40°,海冰载荷降低55%~98%;安装锥体前后,塔架剪切力减小28.7%~58.9%,塔顶位移最多减小46%。     

钻井液污染润滑脂对牙轮钻头轴承摩擦学性能的影响

高温或冲击载荷会引起钻井液泄漏进入复合锂基润滑脂,从而影响牙轮钻头滑动轴承润滑及摩擦磨损性能。采用MCR102旋转流变仪对含有不同质量分数钻井液的复合锂基润滑脂进行流变性测试,并采用MDW-1型摩擦磨损试验机开展牙轮钻头滑动轴承模拟工况下轴承单元摩擦学实验,研究钻井液质量分数对轴承摩擦磨损性能的影响。结果表明:钻井液的污染将降低润滑脂的黏度,改变润滑脂的流变性能;钻井液的污染总体上增大了滑动轴承单元摩擦因数及摩擦因数波动幅度,同时加大轴承的磨损,且在高转速下,润滑脂中较低含量的钻井液就会使滑动轴承单元的摩擦磨损达到最大值;钻井液中的超细碳酸钙和重晶石颗粒引起的磨粒磨损和犁沟效应,可能导致滑动轴承快速失效。     

硬地层单牙轮-PDC钻扩联合钻头破岩特性

提出了新型单牙轮-PDC钻扩联合钻头，先依靠单牙轮破岩钻孔，释放地应力，产生岩石损伤，再助推PDC钻头刮切破岩。运用有限元法，建立钻扩联合钻头、双级PDC和常规PDC钻头破岩的非线性动力学模型。通过对岩石本构关系进行D-P准则描述以及确定岩石破碎的判据，分析钻扩联合钻头钻进硬地层的破岩机理，开展了3种钻头动态破岩过程的对比研究。结果表明：钻扩联合钻头在钻进过程中井底井壁的岩石应力得到明显释放，大大提高了岩层可钻性；在硬地层中钻扩联合钻头钻进速度提高的主要原因是拉应力破岩；钻扩联合钻头在硬地层钻进过程中的扭转振动大大降低，破岩效率更高，钻头寿命更长；由于单牙轮领眼破碎岩石的作用，钻扩联合钻头对井底岩石的冲击破碎能力更强，在硬地层中钻进更快。研究结果为新型单牙轮-PDC钻扩联合钻头的研发提供了参考。     

高速率通信网络下时变系统的有限时域H∞控制

针对高速率通信网络和Round-Robin（RR）协议影响下网络化时变系统的有限时域[H∞]控制问题，考虑到系统中存在乘性噪声、随机时滞和量化效应，提出了一种基于观测器的有限时域[H∞]控制器的设计方法。利用李雅普诺夫稳定性理论和线性矩阵不等式（Linear Matrix Inequality，LMI）技术得到有限时域[H∞]控制器存在的充分条件。基于锥补线性化（Cone Complementarity Linearization，CCL）方法通过求解一组递归矩阵不等式得到观测器和控制器参数。所设计的控制器保证闭环网络化时变系统在给定的时域内稳定，且满足预定的[H∞]性能指标。数值仿真验证了所提方法的有效性。     

Numerical verification of the continuous calculation method for tip stress during the driving process of the dynamic penetration test

This paper presents a calculation method for obtaining the continuous variation in stress between the tip and the soil during dynamic penetration tests, particularly in the case of using the Panda 3® penetration testing device. The originality of the method is that the tip stress can be computed continuously throughout the driving process. For each impact of the hammer on the penetrometer, data are recorded by sensors located at the top of the apparatus. Then, the stress at the tip and the displacement of the apparatus are calculated with a method based on the propagation of waves in the device. A three-dimensional numerical model of the penetration test, based on the Panda 3® specifications and using the discrete element method (DEM), is proposed in this paper. The purpose of the simulations is to validate the calculation method by comparing the curves of the tip stress versus the penetration distance obtained in two different ways, the first being the distance directly observed at the tip and the second being the distance calculated from the data recorded at the top of the penetrometer, as with the experimental device. The entire apparatus is represented, including the hammer, the rod, and the tip, and is driven into the model soil. The calculation method is applied, and the results are compared to the actual response of the soil to the driving of the penetrometer directly at the tip, which can be obtained with the numerical model. The responses are found to be very similar, confirming the theoretical framework and its underlying assumptions. This method is applied to dynamic penetration tests and provides the opportunity to obtain mechanical parameters other than the tip resistance from the tests.