Development of low-loss lead-germanate glass for mid-infrared fiber optics: II. preform extrusion and fiber fabrication

For lead-germanate glass fibers, reducing the content of hydroxyl (OH) groups and the formation of metallic Pb species is essential to pave the way for their applications as low-loss mid-IR fiber optics since OH and metallic Pb species cause intense absorption and scattering loss, respectively, in the mid-IR spectral range. The first part of this study reported the optimization of the glass melting procedure to obtain low amount of OH while preventing formation of metallic Pb species in lead-germanate glass. Here, the second part of this study reports the investigation of the process conditions to fabricate low-loss lead-germanate glass fiber through further understanding of the co-effects of glass melting and heat treatment atmospheres on the formation of nano- and micron-scale metallic Pb species in both the as-produced and heat treated lead-germanate glasses. Finally, using this advance in knowledge, we successfully fabricated low-loss lead-germanate glass fibers with no presence of reduced metallic Pb particles by optimizing dehydration agent, glass melting, preform extrusion and fiber drawing conditions. The optimized fabrication conditions reduced the unstructured fiber loss by almost one order to <0.3 dB/m at 1.55 μm.     

New exact solutions of the Tzitzéica-type equations in non-linear optics using the expa function method

One specific class of non-linear evolution equations, known as the Tzitzéica-type equations, has received great attention from a group of researchers involved in non-linear science. In this article, new exact solutions of the Tzitzéica-type equations arising in non-linear optics, including the Tzitzéica, Dodd–Bullough–Mikhailov and Tzitzéica–Dodd–Bullough equations, are obtained using the exp_a function method. The integration technique actually suggests a useful and reliable method to extract new exact solutions of a wide range of non-linear evolution equations.     

基于修正等速运动规律的自由曲面多轴加工刀轴序列优化方法

针对自由曲面多轴加工中起始位置处刀具相对工件速度、加速度不为零导致的一定程度刚性冲击现象,提出了一种基于修正等速运动规律的刀轴序列优化方法,通过控制工件坐标系中决定刀具姿态的两个约束角,使之变化遵循修正等速运动规律,获得了切削行上平稳变化的刀轴序列,避免了由于起始位置处刀具相对工件速度、加速度不为零导致刀具不能精准到达后续加工位置的现象。算例分析表明,该方法能产生平稳且光滑的刀轴序列,可一定程度改善机床运动性能,提高加工表面质量。     

空间红外大口径折射式低温镜头设计与验证

针对目标探测类空间红外相机大范围成像、高灵敏度探测、高精度定位等应用需求,文中提出采用像方远心光路和低温光学技术结合的解决方案,设计了物方视场角8°×8°、入瞳口径265 mm、工作温度200 K的像方远心折射式光学系统。镜头最大口径280 mm,采用多级分散的弹性支撑设计,解决大口径低温透镜装框、透镜组件支撑和镜头整体安装各环节的热应力卸载问题。在保证高刚度和低漏热的情况下,使低温下透镜的热应力对镜头能量集中度的影响降低到可接受范围内。镜头完成装调及室温下像质确认后,进行了力学振动试验,并将其制冷到200 K水平测试像质,测试结果表明,镜头能量集中度达到轴上75%,边缘视场72%。     

A neural network based technique for vibration characterization using Gaussian laser beams

This paper presents a neural network technique combined with an optical measurement system for the characterization of mechanical vibrations in industrial machinery. In the proposed system, the Gaussian beam of a laser source illuminates on an array of photodetectors. If either the laser source or the photodetector array is coupled with a vibrating system, then the optical powers detected by the photodetectors will vary accordingly, and are expected to reflect the magnitude and frequency of the X–Y planar vibrations of the monitored system. The time-varying optical powers are input to an artificial neural network-based vibration monitoring system which maps the power distributions to the X–Y position of the laser beam center. An experimental setup of the system is built and used for training and testing purposes. The obtained experimental results demonstrate the adequacy of combining optical techniques with neural networks to estimate the vibration frequency and magnitude. Estimated frequencies were within 1% of the actual ones, and the estimated magnitudes were within 29% of the actual magnitudes when using a chirp signal in the training phase. The magnitude estimation percentage error was further reduced below 12% when the neural network was trained with a decaying chirp signal.     

高功率光纤激光器光纤器件封装应力影响研究

高功率激光器无源器件制作过程中封装不当引入的应力,会导致信号光光束质量劣化和光纤温升,为了解决此问题,理论分析了光纤形变对信号光模式分布的影响,利用有限元方法建立包层光导致光纤发热模型,实验研究了不同封装方式对光纤发热情况和信号光光束质量的影响。实验表明,应力导致的光纤形变会造成信号光M2值在受力方向上略微变小而其垂直方向上变大,在输出100 W信号光时,施加应力导致的M2值的变化最高为0.39,与仿真结果相符。在光纤温升方面,相比于使用硬质胶水带来的12 ℃温升,使用硅橡胶封装的剥离器将温升控制在5 ℃以内,且其封装应力引入的M2值的变化在0.05以内。     

超快激光在纳米溶液中的超连续光丝光谱技术

为了产生宽谱带超连续白光光谱，将飞秒激光聚焦到纳米溶液中形成光丝，最终产生出400～950 nm的超连续白光光谱。采用集成CCD的显微镜装置对伴随光丝的气泡进行拍摄，并研究了气泡定向运动的规律。计算表明，气泡的运动速度可以达到0.16 m/s，这表明水流也可以达到相应的速度。这种由光丝导致的高速水流，可对微流控技术的研究起到积极的作用。     

飞行时间质谱和高性能电子学控制技术

飞行时间质量分离器是飞行时间质谱仪的主要组成部分。飞行时间质谱（TOF MS）具有分析质量范围宽、分析速度快、仪器结构简单等优点，但离子初始动能和初始位置容易分散是影响其分辨率的核心因素。本综述根据本课题组多年的研制经验，着重介绍离子束垂直引入方式的反射式有栅网飞行时间质谱的离子光学以及相关电子学控制的核心技术原理。离子光学核心技术涉及到离子加速场和离子反射场的机械加工控制和精密装配控制等，电子学控制核心技术主要包括高压电源和高压脉冲电源的精密制作。     

中国部分地区的春季气溶胶光学特性

为了研究不同地区的气溶胶光学特性,了解地区间气溶胶成分和来源的差异,建立了典型地区的气溶胶光学模式。基于POM02太阳辐射计测量的太阳直射辐射和散射辐射值,利用SKYRAD算法获得了青海德令哈、安徽合肥、广东茂名3个地区的春季气溶胶光学特性参数,包括谱分布、折射指数和单次散射反照率等。然后基于这些参数对气溶胶来源和分布特征进行分析,最后分析了浮尘天气对气溶胶光学参数的影响。结果表明德令哈地区大气清洁度较高,24%的光学厚度分布在0.2以下,气溶胶来源单一,以大粒子为主导;合肥地区有39%的波长指数分布在0.8~1.0之间,折射率实部随波长变化不明显,气溶胶来源复杂,以小粒子为主导;茂名地区54%的光学厚度集中在0.5左右,分布区间稳定;沙尘天气中,大粒子的增加是气溶胶光学厚度增大的主要原因。     

Third order optical nonlinearities characteristics of Disperse Red1 organic dye molecules inside of polymeric nanocapsules

Measuring nonlinear optical response of a specific material in a mixture, not only leads to investigate the behavior of a particular component in various circumstances, but also can be a way to select suitable combination and optimum concentration of additives and therefore obtaining the maximum nonlinear optical signals. In this work, by using dual-arm Z-scan technique, the nonlinear refractive index of Disperse Red1 (DR1) organic dye molecules inside the core of prepared polymeric nanocapsules was measured among various materials which prepared nanocapsules were made of them. Then the measured value was compared with nonlinear refractive index of DR1 solved in dichloromethane.