一种低挥发润滑脂的应用评价

在复合钠皂稠化多烷基环戊烷中加入复合添加剂制备了一种低挥发润滑脂。对低挥发润滑脂的饱和蒸气压、真空质损、耐辐射、相容性等应用试验性能以及真空热循环台架试验进行了评价。结果表明：该润滑脂不仅具有良好的高低温性、胶体安定性、氧化安定性、防腐蚀性、极压抗磨性，同时具有较低的饱和蒸气压（3.4×10-6 Pa）和挥发性（总损失率0.95%，可凝挥发物质量分数0.088%）；极强的耐辐射性能（可耐受1×105 Gy剂量）以及与真空设备材质良好的相容性，并且通过了真空热循环台架试验。     

国产特殊装备用润滑脂的研制

为满足特殊装备使用中的润滑需求,选取聚α-烯烃和酯类油的混配油作为基础油,锂皂作为稠化剂,以纳米MoS_2作为极压抗磨剂,月桂酰胺丙基氧化胺作为助分散剂,月桂酰胺丙基氧化胺与二硫化钼质量比为1∶5,选用酚胺混合型抗氧剂,加入防锈剂C 1%,通过直接皂化的方法制备了一种新型润滑脂,纳米MoS_2和月桂酰胺丙基氧化胺在皂化反应阶段加入。该润滑脂的各项理化性能与现用商品润滑脂相当,且解决了现用润滑脂固体添加剂的团聚和沉降问题,提高了润滑脂的分散稳定性,综合性能优良,可以满足某特殊装备的润滑使用需求。     

钻井液污染润滑脂对牙轮钻头轴承摩擦学性能的影响

高温或冲击载荷会引起钻井液泄漏进入复合锂基润滑脂,从而影响牙轮钻头滑动轴承润滑及摩擦磨损性能。采用MCR102旋转流变仪对含有不同质量分数钻井液的复合锂基润滑脂进行流变性测试,并采用MDW-1型摩擦磨损试验机开展牙轮钻头滑动轴承模拟工况下轴承单元摩擦学实验,研究钻井液质量分数对轴承摩擦磨损性能的影响。结果表明:钻井液的污染将降低润滑脂的黏度,改变润滑脂的流变性能;钻井液的污染总体上增大了滑动轴承单元摩擦因数及摩擦因数波动幅度,同时加大轴承的磨损,且在高转速下,润滑脂中较低含量的钻井液就会使滑动轴承单元的摩擦磨损达到最大值;钻井液中的超细碳酸钙和重晶石颗粒引起的磨粒磨损和犁沟效应,可能导致滑动轴承快速失效。     

Synthesis of polyphenylmethylsiloxanes and their enhancement on tribological properties of titanium complex grease

Polyphenylmethylsiloxanes (PPMSs) with the phenyl/methyl mole ratios of 0.25:1–0.75:1 were facilely synthesized using phenylmethyldichlorosilane, diphenyldichlorosilane, dimethyldichlorosilane, and hexamethyldisiloxane as the raw materials with the hydrolysis-condensation method. The molecular weights (M _w) of the as-synthesized PPMSs ranged from 1248.7 to 27 014.0. The maximum molecular weight was obtained at the phenyl/methyl ratio of 0.65:1. Titanium complex greases were prepared by using titanium carboxylate as the thickener and PPMS/mineral oil (KN4010) as the mixed base oil. When the weight percentage of PPMS (phenyl/methyl mole ratio of 0.45:1) in the mixed base oil was 20%, the dropping point of the resultant titanium complex grease increased by 21 °C as compared with the sole mineral oil-based titanium complex grease. The friction coefficient and the wear scar dimension were 0.54 and 0.69 times those of the sole mineral oil-based titanium complex grease, respectively. According to thermogravimetric analysis–differential scanning calorimetry analysis, the working temperature of the titanium complex grease could reach 240 °C. The addition of PPMS in the titanium complex grease obviously improved its thermal stability and tribological properties. The present work developed a new category of titanium complex grease using PPMS and mineral oil as the mixed base oil. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019 , 136, 47168.     

润滑脂的溶解及铁谱分析试验研究

针对润滑脂由于流动性差而无法直接采用铁谱技术进行磨粒分析的问题,探讨适合溶解不同润滑脂的有机溶剂。选择锂基、钙基和铝基3种目前设备润滑常用的润滑脂,通过水浴加热与超声波震荡的溶解方法,对比研究8种有机溶剂对润滑脂的溶解效果;通过摩擦试验制备带有磨粒的润滑脂试样,通过旋转式铁谱仪进行制谱试验,并结合显微镜分析谱片磨粒沉积效果。结果表明:正己烷溶液、体积分数30%二甲苯和70%正己烷混合溶液适合溶解锂基润滑脂,二甲苯和四氯乙烯适合溶解钙基润滑脂和铝基润滑脂;将润滑脂试样溶液的黏度稀释到4 mm~2/s以下时,在旋转式铁谱仪上能够获得良好的制谱效果。     

高压油脂注油机的研制

分析了手动液压油脂注油机、电动黄油注油机的优、缺点 ,介绍了最新研制的高压油脂注油机的结构特点、工作原理以及参数选择。现场应用表明 ,该装置装油方便、注油压力高、出油率高、性能可靠 ,解决了目前注油机注油量小和不能连续注油的难题。     

Activated sludge treatment of abattoir wastewater—II : Influence of dissolved oxygen concentration

Performance of laboratory scale completely mixed activated sludge reactors fed with abattoir wastewater was measured at different dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations. Degradation of fat present in the influent was inhibited at DO concentrations below about 0.5 mg l⁻¹, leading to sludges with high fat content which settled poorly due to excessive numbers of filamentous microorganisms. Fat was degraded rapidly at higher DO concentrations (up to 4.0 mg l⁻¹) and the sludge contained few filamentous microorganisms, a low fat content and settled readily. However, effluent quality was highest at low DO concentrations due to lower levels of soluble breakdown products from the fat.When wastewater was fed intermittently at constant aeration rate, sludge with a low fat content and good settleability resulted, even though the DO concentration was about 0.2 mg l⁻¹ for more than 30% of the time. Effluent quality was also high. Thus it is concluded that for full-scale abattoir treatment plants where wastewater flow is intermittent, DO concentration may be low during periods of high loading without adversely affecting effluent quality or sludge settleability.     

一种中低速轴承润滑脂的拖动特性及其模型研究

利用自行设计的润滑剂弹流拖动力试验台,模拟轴承实际工况对一种复合磺酸钙基脂进行拖动力测试以及拖动曲线的分析,利用传统的Teaarwerk-Jonson(T-J)弹塑性模型和一种四参数指数模型对试验数据进行拟合和回归分析,讨论适用于该复合磺酸钙基脂的拖动特性预测模型。结果表明:该润滑脂在中低速、重轻载下具有优良的润滑特性,其拖动系数随载荷的增大而变大,随滚动速度的增大而减小,拖动曲线的线性区斜率在高速时基本一致;在工况载荷较大时,T-J模型拟合结果存在较大误差,说明其不适合拟合存在明显热效应的拖动曲线;四参数指数模型对整体实验数据的拟合精度较高,可以用来研究这种润滑脂的拖动特性。     

静态热处理时间对轮毂轴承用复合锂基润滑脂流变特性的影响

为研究轮毂轴承工作过程中的热效应对复合锂基润滑脂流变性能的影响,采用静态热处理方式模拟轮毂轴承内复合锂基润滑脂的受热情况。在150℃下对润滑脂进行不同时间的热处理,并采用旋转流变仪研究各样品的流变特性变化规律。研究结果表明:短时间的静态加热处理后,复合锂基润滑脂胶体分散体系发生物理变化;皂纤维缠结程度先降低然后呈逐渐增加的趋势,出现了一定程度的固化;触变性分析表明复合锂基润滑脂的结构恢复性能随加热时间的延长而逐渐减弱。