Impact of defects on the decomposition of chemical warfare agent simulants in Zr-based metal organic frameworks

Metal organic frameworks (MOFs) containing zirconium secondary building units (SBUs) in UiO-67 and related MOFs, are highly active for neutralizing both the chemical warfare agents and simulants, such as dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP). However, two recent publications gave conflicting reports of DMMP reaction with UiO-67 under ultra high vacuum (UHV) conditions, with one reporting chemisorption and reaction (Wang et al., J Phys Chem C, 2017, 121, 11261–11272) and the other reporting only physisorption and reversible desorption (Ruffley et al., J Phys Chem C, 2019, 123, 19748–19758) from very similar temperature programmed desorption experiments. We show that the discrepancy between these experiments may be explained by different levels of missing linker defects in the UiO-67 samples. We present density functional theory calculations showing that SBU sites having two-adjacent missing linkers exhibit reaction barriers that are about 30 kJ/mol lower than SBU sites having a single missing linker. We also show that topology of the undercoordinated sites plays an important role in the reaction barrier under UHV conditions.     

Achieving fabrication of highly transparent Y2O3 ceramics via air pre-sintering by deionization treatment of suspension

An easy albeit quite effective deionization suspension treatment was adopted to alleviate the detrimental effects related to the hydrolysis of Y₂O₃ in an aqueous medium. Fabrication of highly transparent Y₂O₃ ceramics with a fine grain size via air pre-sintering and post–hot isostatic pressing (HIP) treatment without using any sintering additive was achieved using the treated suspensions. The hydrolysis issue of Y₂O₃ powder in an aqueous medium was effectively alleviated by using deionization treatment, and a well-dispersed suspension with a low concentration of dissolved Y³⁺ species was obtained. The dispersed suspensions were consolidated by the centrifugal casting method, and the green bodies derived from the suspension of 35.0 vol% solid loading showed an improved homogeneity with a relative density of 52.1%. Fully dense Y₂O₃ transparent ceramic with high transparency was obtained by pre-sintering consolidated green compacts at a low temperature of 1400°C for 16 h in air followed by a post-HIP treatment at 1550°C for 2 h under 200 MPa pressure. The sample had a fine average grain size of 690 nm. The in-line transmittance of the sample reached 83.3% and 81.8% at 1100 nm and 800 nm, respectively, very close to the theoretical values of Y₂O₃.     

Application of Polyimide-based Microfluidic Devices on Acid-catalyzed Hydrolysis of Dimethoxypropane

Microfluidic devices intensify transport phenomena and can improve chemical processes. New manufacturing processes and materials are perpetually developed due to constantly growing interest in process intensification. In this contribution, the authors present the design and application of polyimide-foil-based microfluidic mixing devices manufactured by reactive ion etching. As appropriate model reaction system, acid-catalyzed 2,2-dimethoxypropane (DMP) hydrolysis was chosen and investigated in three different mixing structure with varying flow rate. Energy dissipation rates were calculated to estimate mixing performances. The results show good mixing quality for Reynolds numbers between 10 and 100 and similar mixing times scales for all investigated microstructured mixers.     

Mechanistic implications of the solvent kinetic isotope effect in the hydrolysis of NaBH4

The sodium borohydride, NaBH₄, hydrolysis mechanism is studied via the H₂O/D₂O kinetic isotope effect (KIE). This reaction is of importance as NaBH₄ is considered as a hydrogen storage material. Nowadays, hydrogen is thought to be one of the most promising and efficient clean energy carriers. In order to control the rate of the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), one has to understand the mechanism of its production. The H₂O/D₂O KIE of the reactions of NaBH₄ and NaBD₄ with water was studied in solutions containing a ratio of H₂O/D₂O = 1.00. The separation factor, α, of both reactions is α = 5.0 ± 1.0. The rate of the hydrolysis of BD₄^? in H₂O is faster than that of BH₄^?. The results point out that the rate-determining step in all hydrolysis stages is the H–OH bond scission.     

Tungsten(VI) oxide supported rhodium nanoparticles: Highly active catalysts in hydrogen generation from ammonia borane

Herein, we report the use of tungsten(VI) oxide (WO₃) as support for Rh⁰ nanoparticles. The resulting Rh⁰/WO₃ nanoparticles are highly active and stable catalysts in H₂ generation from the hydrolysis of ammonia borane (AB). We present the results of our investigation on the particle size distribution, catalytic activity and stability of Rh⁰/WO₃ catalysts with 0.5%, 1.0%, 2.0% wt. Rh loadings in the hydrolysis reaction. The results reveal that Rh⁰/WO₃ (0.5% wt. Rh) is very promising catalyst providing a turnover frequency of 749 min^?1 in releasing 3.0 equivalent H₂ per mole of AB from the hydrolysis at 25.0 °C. The high catalytic activity of Rh⁰/WO₃ catalyst is attributed to the reducible nature of support. The report covers the results of kinetics study as well as comparative investigation of activity, recyclability, and reusability of colloidal(0) nanoparticles and Rh⁰/WO₃ (0.5 % wt. Rh) catalyst in the hydrolysis reaction.     

青蛤多肽的酶法制备及对前列腺癌DU-145细胞的抑制活性

探讨青蛤多肽的制备工艺及体外抗前列腺癌DU-145细胞的活性。以氨基氮含量为检测指标,筛选最优酶种类并进行正交试验以获取最佳酶解青蛤内脏酶解工艺。经超滤截留、琼脂糖凝胶层析、高效液相色谱分离纯化及噻唑蓝(3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide,MTT)活性筛选得到含有5个氨基酸的多肽(Ile-Leu-Tyr-Met-Pro)。对所得多肽采用MTT法测定DU-145细胞增殖抑制率;采用倒置显微镜、Hoechst 33258染色及透射电子显微镜技术观察细胞形态学变化;采用荧光法检测细胞内活性氧(reactive oxygen species,ROS)水平;采用线粒体膜电位检测DU-145细胞凋亡情况;采用免疫组织化学法检测非转移性克隆23型(nm23H1)蛋白的表达。结果表明:制备青蛤多肽最佳酶是木瓜蛋白酶,最佳酶解条件是料液比1:4、pH 7.0、加酶量1 500 U/g、温度45.0℃、酶解时间4 h;所得多肽对DU-145细胞的增殖具有明显的抑制作用,且呈时间与剂量依赖性;处理后的DU-145细胞出现凋亡的形态学特征;其质量浓度和细胞内ROS的表达量呈正相关关系;线粒体膜电位降低率从4.22%提高到25.07%;免疫组织化学法结果显示nm23H1蛋白的表达量增加。青蛤多肽能明显抑制DU-145细胞的增殖,并通过诱导其发生凋亡而发挥作用。     

鲟鱼肝酶解条件优化及酶解液对双歧杆菌增殖效果的研究

为提高鲟鱼肝脏的加工附加值，使用碱性蛋白酶，以水解度为评价指标，在单因素试验的基础上，通过Plackett-Burman试验、响应面分析法优化鲟鱼肝蛋白酶解条件。在此条件下，进一步探究了酶解液对双歧杆菌的促生长效果。结果表明，最优酶解条件为碱性蛋白酶添加量10 540 U/g鱼肝蛋白、体系初始pH值10.0、酶解时间8.6 h、酶解温度45 ℃、料液比1∶10（g∶mL），此条件下水解度（81.7%）是优化前（40.4%）的1.02倍。鲟鱼肝蛋白酶解液对青春双歧杆菌、两歧双歧杆菌、动物双歧杆菌、长双歧杆菌、短双歧杆菌和婴儿双歧杆菌6种均具有显著的促生长效果。研究结果为鲟鱼加工副产物利用提供了新途径，同时也为双歧杆菌促生长因子的研发提供新思路。     

双酶水解鸡骨泥的工艺优化

对鸡骨泥进行酶水解,经筛选确定中性蛋白酶和Flavourzyme复合风味酶的组合能有效酶解鸡骨泥。经正交试验分析,确定酶解的最佳工艺为:酶解温度50℃、pH值8.5、中性蛋白酶和Flavourzyme复合风味酶的添加量分别为0.75%和1.50%、底物浓度5%、水解时间2.5h。在该条件下酶解效率最高,水解度和氮收率分别为37.11%和92.50%,酶解产物澄清无苦味及腥味,且游离氨基酸含量显著增加。     

天然气净化厂硫磺回收及尾气处理过程有机硫的产生与控制措施

天然气净化厂硫磺回收及尾气处理装置尾气中有机硫含量对SO_2减排有重要影响。研究表明,硫磺回收装置的燃烧炉、催化反应器及尾气处理装置的加氢水解反应器中均会生成有机硫。对此,可通过减少酸气中烃类含量、提高燃烧炉温度、选择合适催化剂类型以及保持较高的加氢水解反应温度等措施,有效降低有机硫的生成量。同时,对于过程中生成的有机硫,应优化催化剂组合方式,在各级反应器中叠加水解,并保持加氢水解单元的高效转化,将进入灼烧炉的有机硫含量降至最低,从而实现生产装置尾气排放达标。