Tribological behaviour of a 3Y-TZP/Ta ceramic-metal biocomposite against ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE)

This study aims to evaluate the tribological behaviour of 3Y-TZP/Ta (20 vol%) ceramic-metal composites and 3Y-TZP monolithic ceramic prepared by spark plasma sintering (SPS) against ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE). According to the results of pin (UHMWPE)-on-flat wear test under dry conditions, the UHMWPE – 3Y-TZP/Ta system exhibited lower volume loss and friction coefficient than the UHMWPE – monolithic ceramic combination due to the presence of an autolubricating layer that provides sufficient lubrication for reducing the friction. Owing to the lubrication of the liquid media, under wet conditions obtained using simulated body fluid (SBF), similar behaviour is observed in both cases. Additionally, the ceramic and biocomposite materials were subjected to a low temperature degradation (LTD) process (often referred to as “ageing”) to evaluate the changes in the tribological behaviour after this treatment. In this particular case, the wear properties of the UHMWPE-biocomposite system were found to be less influenced by ageing in contrast to the case of the UHMWPE-zirconia monolithic material. In addition to their exceptional mechanical performance, 3Y-TZP/Ta composites also showed high resistance to low temperature degradation and good tribological properties, making them promising candidates for biomedical applications, especially for orthopaedic implants.     

常用碳基固体润滑薄膜的研究现状与展望

首先从碳基固体润滑薄膜的应用需求与成本效益出发,探讨了研究碳基固体润滑薄膜的迫切要求和重要意义,然后对类金刚石(DLC)薄膜、类富勒烯(FLC)薄膜及石墨烯薄膜三类最常用的碳基固体润滑薄膜的研究现状进行了较详细的介绍。其中,重点介绍了DLC薄膜的三种减摩抗磨机理,探讨了掺杂元素改性对DLC薄膜硬度、摩擦系数和磨损率等多个方面的影响,并指出外部因素(基体材料、过渡层和应用环境等)对DLC薄膜性能的重要作用。探讨了掺氢、掺氟和掺氮对FLC薄膜构性转变和摩擦学性能的影响。总体来说,氟掺杂导致FLC结构变化,并显著改变薄膜硬度;掺氮会诱导类富勒烯微结构的增加;掺氢FLC薄膜热处理后可达到超润滑状态。总结了石墨烯薄膜制备工艺的发展、石墨烯基复合薄膜的摩擦学性能和石墨烯薄膜在不同基体材料的应用。最后,指出了碳基润滑薄膜领域亟待解决的关键难题,并对未来的研究方向做出了预测。     

废润滑油再生领域研究进展及专利分析

废润滑油再生能够为企业带来直接的经济效益,废润滑油再生技术的发展和保护是润滑油企业制定自身发展战略的重要依据。文章通过检索中国专利数据库(CPRSABS)分析废润滑油领域的国内外专利申请人在我国的专利申请情况、具体细分领域的专利分布,从而揭示废润滑油再生领域的技术发展状况,并对国内企业的研究方向提出了建议。     

给水泵跳车事故分析

文章讨论了锅炉给水泵运行中出现的突然跳车事故,依据DCS控制系统提供的信息,参照现场柜PLC控制程序,详细分析了事故经过,及润滑油泵站引起给水泵跳车的因果关系。并提出促进电气控制完善的一些措施,对于机泵类设备具有故障的典型性参考价值。     

混合癸烯制备润滑油加氢工艺技术

为了降低加氢后合成油的溴值,以Mo和Ni为加氢催化剂,考察不同反应温度、空速、氢压和氢油体积比对溴值的影响。结果表明,在反应温度320 ℃、空速0.8 h-1、氢压4.0 MPa和氢油体积比550∶1最佳工艺条件下,加氢后合成油的溴值降为0.043 g-Br·（100g油）^-1。Mo和Ni加氢催化剂具有优良的烯烃饱和作用。     

氯气串入润滑油系统的原因及预防

介绍了氯气压缩机组润滑油系统的充、抽气密封结构以及润滑油被氯气污染后的故障现象和危害;以3H-3/4500型离心式氯气压缩机组为例,分析了在开停车、运行过程及检修期间润滑油被氯气污染的原因,并提出了预防措施。     

废润滑油脱色技术研究及应用进展

根据国内外废润滑油脱色技术的研究和应用情况,分析了废润滑油劣化成色机理,对以吸附法、加氢法、絮凝脱色法为主的废润滑油脱色技术进行了分析总结。从各类废润滑油脱色技术的脱色原理出发,结合具体的废润滑油脱色应用,评述了相关的废润滑油脱色技术的脱色效率、应用进展和存在的问题,并指出了废润滑油脱色技术需要进一步研究的问题和发展的方向。     

半封闭压缩机故障分析

分类分析了引起压缩机故障的原因，包括液击、溢流、满液启动、润滑油不足、污染、过热等。     

Activated sludge treatment of abattoir wastewater—II : Influence of dissolved oxygen concentration

Performance of laboratory scale completely mixed activated sludge reactors fed with abattoir wastewater was measured at different dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations. Degradation of fat present in the influent was inhibited at DO concentrations below about 0.5 mg l⁻¹, leading to sludges with high fat content which settled poorly due to excessive numbers of filamentous microorganisms. Fat was degraded rapidly at higher DO concentrations (up to 4.0 mg l⁻¹) and the sludge contained few filamentous microorganisms, a low fat content and settled readily. However, effluent quality was highest at low DO concentrations due to lower levels of soluble breakdown products from the fat.When wastewater was fed intermittently at constant aeration rate, sludge with a low fat content and good settleability resulted, even though the DO concentration was about 0.2 mg l⁻¹ for more than 30% of the time. Effluent quality was also high. Thus it is concluded that for full-scale abattoir treatment plants where wastewater flow is intermittent, DO concentration may be low during periods of high loading without adversely affecting effluent quality or sludge settleability.