Designing amorphous formulations of polyphenols with naringin by spray-drying for enhanced solubility and permeability

Naringin (NAR), a major flavanone (FVA) glycoside, is a component of food mainly obtained from grapefruit. We used NAR as a food additive to improve the solubility and permeability of hydrophobic polyphenols used as supplements in the food industry. The spray-dried particles (SDPs) of NAR alone show an amorphous state with a glass transition temperature (T_g) at 93.2 °C. SDPs of hydrophobic polyphenols, such as flavone (FVO), quercetin (QCT), naringenin (NRG), and resveratrol (RVT) were prepared by adding varying amounts of NAR. All SDPs of hydrophobic polyphenols with added NAR were in an amorphous state with a single T_g, but SDPs of hydrophobic polyphenols without added NAR showed diffraction peaks derived from each crystal. The SDPs with NAR could keep an amorphous state after storage at a high humidity condition for one month, except for SDPs of RVT/NAR. SDPs with NAR enhanced the solubility of hydrophobic polyphenols, especially NRG solubility, which was enhanced more than 9 times compared to NRG crystal. The enhanced solubility resulted in the increased membrane permeability of NRG. The antioxidant effect of the hydrophobic NRG was also enhanced by the synergetic effect of NAR. The findings demonstrated that NAR could be used as a food additive to enhance the solubility and membrane permeability of hydrophobic polyphenols.     

高分子网络凝胶法制备纳米ZnO的结构性能研究

采用高分子网络凝胶法制备了ZnO粉末样品。通过X射线衍射、扫描电镜等测试方法研究了样品的物相组成、微观形貌。X射线衍射测试结果显示,样品的衍射峰尖锐,各特征峰显示完整,与标准PDF卡片比对,证实粉末样品的物相为ZnO。使用Scherrer公式计算得到的晶粒度大小约为31.28nm,晶格常数分别为3.247和5.208。使用扫描电镜观测不同放大倍数下的样品形貌,发现晶粒外观形貌显现完整,晶粒尺寸大小与XRD测试结果相吻合。结果表明,实验成功制备了高质量的ZnO纳米多晶粉体,可以用于后续实验。     

Interactive Multi‐objective Dynamic Optimization of Bioreactors under Parametric Uncertainty

Model‐based optimization techniques play a key role in achieving a sustainable operation of biochemical processes. Models are an approximation of the real process under study, hence, uncertainty is inherently present and for a sustainable process operation this uncertainty should be accounted for. In practice, optimality with respect to different conflicting objectives is required and multi‐objective optimization is a valuable tool. In this article the sigma point approach is applied to account for parametric uncertainty in the frame of interactive multi‐objective bioprocess optimization.     

Insights into Metabolite Diagnostic Biomarkers for Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is a persistent and unexplained pathological state characterized by exertional and severely debilitating fatigue, with/without infectious or neuropsychiatric symptoms, and with a minimum duration of 6 consecutive months. Its pathogenesis is not fully understood. There are no firmly established diagnostic biomarkers or treatment, due to incomplete understanding of the etiology of ME/CFS and diagnostic uncertainty. Establishing a biomarker for the objective diagnosis is urgently needed to treat a lot of patients. Recently, research on ME/CFS using metabolome analysis methods has been increasing. Here, we overview recent findings concerning the metabolic features in patients with ME/CFS and the animal models which contribute to the development of diagnostic biomarkers for ME/CFS and its treatment. In addition, we discuss future perspectives of studies on ME/CFS.     

Effect of hexagonal structure nanoparticles on the morphological performance of the ceramic scaffold using analytical oscillation response

Porous bony scaffolds are utilized to manage the growth and migration of cells from adjacent tissues to a defective position. In the current investigation, the effect of titanium oxide (TiO₂) nanoparticles on mechanical and physical properties of porous bony implants made of polymeric polycaprolactone (PCL) is studied. The bio-nanocomposite scaffolds are prepared with composition of nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite (HA) and TiO₂ powder using the freeze-drying technique for different weight fractions of TiO₂ (0 wt%, 5 wt%, 10 wt%, and 15 wt%). In order to identify the microstructure and morphology of the fabricated porous bio-nanocomposites, the X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscope (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) are employed. Also, the biocompatibility and biodegradability of the manufactured scaffolds are examined by placing them in a simulated body fluid (SBF) for 21 days, their weight and pH changes are measured. The rate of degradation of the PCL-HA scaffold can be controlled by varying the percentage of its constituent components. Due to an increasing growth and activity of bone cells and the apatite formation on the free surface of the fabricated bio-nanocomposite implants as well as their reasonable mechanical properties, they have the potential to be used as a bone substitute. Additionally, with the aid of the experimentally extracted mechanical properties of the scaffolds, the vibrational characteristics of a beam-type implant made of the proposed porous bio-nanocomposites are explored. The results obtained from SEM image indicate that the scaffolds produced by the employed method have high total porosity (70%–85%) and effective porosity. The pore size is obtained between 60 and 200 μm, which is desirable for the growth and propagation of bone cells. Also, it is revealed that the addition of TiO₂ nanoparticles leads to reduce the rate of dissolution of the fabricated bio-nanocomposite scaffolds.     

水润滑螺旋阶梯腔艉轴承接触特性分析及结构优化

基于有限元法,考虑艉轴承材料的非线性力学特性以及各结构参数间的交互作用,对该轴承进行接触分析。采用正交试验法分析腔长、腔数、螺旋角、深浅腔比例等主要影响因素对接触应力及变形量的影响规律,采用控制变量法分析螺旋腔腔角、进/出水孔直径、螺旋腔腔深等次要因素对接触应力及变形量的影响规律,分别得到各参数的优化值。同时利用多目标优化方法,对艉轴承的沟槽直径和内衬外径进行优化,以满足低应力及轻量化的设计要求。优化后艉轴承质量降低了29%,接触应力降低了12%,在达到轻量化的目的同时,显著提高了其力学性能。     

养护龄期对EDTA滴定法测定尾砂胶结充填体水泥含量的影响研究

在应用EDTA滴定法测尾砂胶结充填体水泥含量中,因充填体的EDTA二钠标准溶液消耗量随养护龄期的增长而降低导致测定不同养护龄期充填体的水泥含量需分别制定标准曲线,为研究养护龄期对充填体EDTA二钠标准溶液消耗量的影响,本文通过开展试验研究,并利用扫描电镜(SEM)分析技术进一步验证试验结果,得出养护龄期主要是通过影响水泥水化进程,进而影响NH4Cl弱酸溶液溶解充填体中的Ca2 含量而影响充填体EDTA二钠标准溶液消耗量的结论。     

烟台葡萄酒文化酒庄旅游客观评价指标体系研究

为了探究评价烟台葡萄酒文化酒庄旅游发展情况的客观评价指标体系,填补相关研究空白,本文选取5个一级指标和22个二级指标构建了烟台葡萄酒文化酒庄旅游评价指标体系,采用综合指数测算法对4个代表性酒庄旅游发展情况予以评价。结果表明,各酒庄综合评分差异比较大,说明酒庄发展极不平衡,总体上酒庄1(张裕)的发展情况较优;二级指标中交通状况和信息技术应用的评分较低,需要有关部门和酒庄采取措施予以改进和完善。     

山药复合营养面条加工工艺研究

以新鲜山药泥、小麦粉为主要原料,牛肉、胡萝卜、脱脂纯牛奶和食盐为辅料,制备一款营养丰富、无添加剂的新型山药复合营养面条。通过单因素试验、正交试验和感官评价,筛选山药复合营养面条配方;通过物性指标、微观结构确定山药复合营养面条的最佳配方为:山药泥35%、牛肉∶胡萝卜质量比为1∶1、脱脂纯牛奶3%和食盐2.5%。     

激光共聚焦扫描显微镜技术在不同食品体系中的应用研究

激光共聚焦显微镜(confocal laser scanning microscope,CLSM)是现代食品科学研究中最通用的荧光显微成像工具之一,该技术以其优越的光学切片和3维(3D)重建功能,可快速获得较厚食品样本的清晰的光学切片,还可以在虚拟空间中任意角度观测食品内部微观结构。本文介绍了激光共聚焦显微镜的基本原理和功能,综述了该技术在食品原料和成分、乳状液体系、脂质、凝胶、食品加工过程中微观结构变化等研究中的应用进展,并简要分析了激光共聚焦显微成像技术在实际使用中的局限性和发展趋势,以期对我国相关研究人员的研究工作提供参考。