基于电信号特征分析的电机故障诊断技术

介绍了电机故障诊断技术平台的组成,分析了电机常见故障下电信号的特征。利用宜昌和景洪工厂两台电机进行了实际对比测试,宜昌工厂电机定子电流特征频率在49.2Hz时表现出峰值-36.08dB,在50.8Hz时表现峰值则为-37.23dB,表明电机存在转子断条故障;景洪工厂电机在转子特征频率为113.51Hz时,出现峰值-58.47dB,表明电机存在静态偏心故障。经电机现场抽芯检查,验证了电机故障快速诊断平台给出的电机健康状态评估结果,证实了基于电信号特征分析的电机故障诊断技术的准确性。     

混凝土结构的压电声波检测分析

本文介绍了混凝土结构的压电体波和表面波检测的主要进展,对两种压电声波检测的优缺点进行了总结。体波检测设备一般埋入混凝土内部,需要选择合理的检测部位,检测结果较为精确;声表面波检测无需选择特定的部位,但是检测深度有限。在实际检测工作过程中,可以联合两种方法相互验证。     

High-performance Pb(Ni1/3Nb2/3)O3-PbZrO3-PbTiO3 ceramics with the triple point composition

Ternary 0.552Pb(Ni_1/3Nb_2/3)O₃-xPbZrO₃-(0.448-x)PbTiO₃ (PNN-PZ-PT) ceramics near the triple point compositions were fabricated by an improved two-step sintering method. The triple point composition 0.552PNN-0.135PZ-0.313PT ceramic has outstanding piezoelectric performance with piezoelectric coefficient d₃₃ = 1200 pC/N. Its easy fabrication and low cost make this piezoelectric material an excellent candidate for high sensitivity sensors and ultrasonic transducers. The evolution of domain structures for ceramics with composition near the triple point provides deeper insight into the mechanism of ultrahigh piezoelectric properties of PNN-PZ-PT ceramics.     

Surface structure and quenching effects in BiFeO3-BaTiO3 ceramics

The structure and properties of Mn-doped 0.67BiFeO₃-0.33BaTiO₃ ceramics are systematically investigated with respect to the effects of annealing prior to rapid cooling by quenching in air. Air-quenching induces a change in crystal structure from pseudo-cubic to rhombohedral, with higher quenching temperatures leading to an increased rhombohedral distortion. These structural changes are correlated with the appearance of more well-defined ferroelectric domain configurations. It is shown that the surface preparation procedures for XRD measurements can induce significant changes in the peak profiles, indicating differences in crystal structure between the surface and bulk regions. Frequency dispersion in the temperature-dependent relative permittivity for the as-sintered sample is significantly reduced after quenching, accompanied by enhancement of the Curie point and improved temperature-stability of piezoelectric properties. It is proposed that the formation of defect clusters by A-site cation diffusion during cooling is circumvented by quenching, leading to the observed modification of structural distortion and ferroelectric properties.     

Improved electric-field-induced strain and strong photoluminescence properties in novel Er3+-modified 0.93Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3-0.07BaTiO3 multifunctional ceramics

Recently, the progress of electronic devices toward miniaturization has strongly promoted development of multifunctional materials possessing multiple desirable properties. In this study, we develop and fabricate 0.93Bi_0.5Na_0.5TiO₃-0.07BaTiO₃-xEr multifunctional ceramics which show simultaneously considerable electric-field-induced strain and bright green light emission properties. With the introduction of Er³⁺, the ceramics gradually transform from non-ergodic relaxor phase to ergodic relaxor phase which could reversibly transform to ferroelectric phase under the electric field. As a result, with improving Er³⁺ content, the shape of the polarization-electric field loops of the ceramics become pinched, and it is obvious that the negative strain disappears while the positive strain gradually increases and reaches a maximum value 0.46% at x = 1.2 mol%. Besides, After the ceramics are poled, the light emission peak are greatly enhanced attributed to the decreased crystal symmetry and increased domain size, and is the strongest at x = 1.2 mol%. These results indicate that 0.93Bi_0.5Na_0.5TiO₃-0.07BaTiO₃-xEr ceramics are good candidates for developing multifunctional optoelectronic devices.     

基于单片机C8051F500的无刷直流电机控制研究

永磁无刷直流电机是近些年发展起来的一种新型电机,具有效率高、调速性能好、启动转矩大等诸多优点,在运动控制领域中的应用日趋广泛。基于电机专用控制芯片MC33035,采用单片机C8051F500为主控芯片,设计一款无刷直流电机智能控制器,实现对无刷直流电机启动停止、正反转、调速、转速显示等控制。通过简要介绍无刷直流电机工作原理,使用MATLAB/Simulink对控制系统进行建模仿真,对无刷直流电机控制系统进行软、硬件设计。实验结果表明,该控制系统运行稳定,抗干扰性强,具有良好的市场应用价值。     

一种压电半导体纳米线的热电耦合性能研究

采用有限元分析方法,研究了一种n型压电半导体纳米线(氧化锌)的电热耦合性能,分析了外部温度对氧化锌纳米线内部机械场、电场及电流场分布的影响,并讨论了本构方程线性化对电学参数的影响。研究结果表明,温度对氧化锌纳米线的电场、载流子浓度和电流密度影响很大,采用线性本构和非线性本构求得的电场、电子浓度和电流密度最大相差分别为24%,32%和68%,基于非线性本构分析压电半导体的电学性能会引起很大误差。该研究结果可为压电半导体器件利用温度调控电场、电流提供理论依据。     

机动车尾气污染分析与防治策略

针对我国机动车保有量不断增加带来的空气污染严重问题，综合国内外相关文献成果，研究了我国机动车尾气污染特点，分析了机动车尾气的成分及其危害性。机动车尾气成分主要包括一氧化碳（CO），碳氢化合物（HC）、氮氧化物（NO_x）、铅（Pb）等，对生态环境和人体健康具有较大的危害。总结了我国机动车尾气排放特点，主要是局部污染排放量不清、污染移动性强和治理难度大。提出了机动车尾气污染的防治策略:车油路全覆盖整治，提高整合治理成效；政社企全方位监管，促进污染防治升级和推广新能源汽车；改善交通出行结构3个方面。     

煤层顶板硬岩大直径定向钻孔施工关键技术

根据顶板高位定向钻孔快速钻进成孔与工作面卸压瓦斯高效抽采治理需要，针对现有螺杆马达定向钻进技术与分级扩孔方法存在的问题，开展了顶板硬岩定向钻进与大直径扩孔钻进关键技术研究，开发了冲击回转定向钻进技术、扭冲回转定向钻进技术、扭冲旋转扩孔技术以及双级双速扩孔技术等钻孔提速新技术，研制了冲击螺杆马达、矿用小直径扭力冲击器、双级双速螺杆马达、组合式扩孔钻头等配套钻具。综合试验结果表明，硬岩定向钻孔平均机械钻进效率达到8.34 m/h，最高达到13.6 m/h，较常规螺杆马达定向钻进技术提升20%~30%；硬岩大直径扩孔终孔直径达到200 mm，机械钻进效率平均达到5.6 m/h以上，最高达到10.5 m/h。该技术提升了顶板硬岩定向钻进效率与大直径扩孔钻进效率，缩短了顶板高位定向钻孔的综合施工周期，为大直径高位定向长钻孔快速成孔与高效抽采治理回采工作面卸压瓦斯提供了可靠的技术手段。     

预压力对压电驱动履带移动系统的性能影响

为了提高夹心式压电驱动移动系统的机械输出性能，提出了一种U型预压力调节机构，并开展了预压力对夹心式压电驱动履带移动系统输出性能影响关系的实验研究。首先，针对U型预压力调节机构的安装对夹心式压电振子的振动特性影响关系开展了有限元仿真分析，发现U型预压力调节机构始终处在夹心式压电振子的两相工作模态振动节点位置；其次，开展了夹心式压电驱动履带移动系统的原理样机的预压力调节测试实验，确定了系统的最大输出牵引力及其所对应的最佳预压力；最后，在最佳预压力工作状态下，开展了原理样机的牵引力特性、越障性能以及模拟月壤环境下的运动特性实验。研究结果表明，在最佳预压力工作状态下，夹心式压电驱动履带移动系统的机械输出性能最佳，为其进一步在月面巡视器上的应用提供了技术支持和试验基础。