Effects of upholstery materials on the burning behavior of real‐scale residential upholstered furniture mock‐ups

Fire spread and growth on real‐scale four cushion mock‐ups of residential upholstered furniture (RUF) were investigated with the goal of identifying whether changes in five classes of materials (barrier, flexible polyurethane foam, polyester fiber wrap, upholstery fabric, and sewing thread), referred to as factors, resulted in statistically significant changes in burning behavior. A fractional factorial experimental design plus practical considerations yielded a test matrix with 20 material combinations. Experiments were repeated a minimum of two times. Measurements included fire spread rates derived from video recordings and heat release rates (HRRs). A total of 13 experimental parameters (3 based on the videos and 10 on the HRR results), referred to as responses, characterized the measurements. Statistical analyses based on Main Effects Plots (main effects) and Block Plots (main effects and factor interactions) were used. The results showed that three of the factors resulted in statistically significant effects on varying numbers of the 13 responses. The Barrier and Fabric factors had the strongest main effects with roughly comparable magnitudes. Foam was statistically significant for fewer of the responses and its overall strength was weaker than for Barrier and Fabric. No statistically significant main effects were identified for Wrap or Thread. Multiple two‐term interactions between factors were identified as being statistically significant. The Barrier*Fabric interaction resulted in the highest number of and strongest statistically significant effects. The existence of two‐term interactions means that it will be necessary to consider their effects in approaches designed to predict the burning behavior of RUF.     

Electrodeposition of amorphous Ni–P layers,thermal treatment and corrosion behaviour

The investigation reported comprises an experimental study of the thermal and corrosion properties of electrodeposited nickel-phosphorus amorphous alloy layers. The structure of the species was determined by means of X-ray diffraction spectroscopy. Samples with hypo- and hyper-eutectic compositions were synthesised out of modified classical and customised electrolytic solutions on copper substrates. The composition of the samples was determined via energy dispersive spectroscopy. A short review of the development of the composition of existing plating baths for Ni–P electrodeposition has also been presented. Thermal treatment of the samples has been carried out to crystallise the amorphous structure and to compare the thermal and the corrosion properties of the species with both types of structure. Differential thermal measurements were used to examine the thermal effects in the Ni–P samples obtained. The corrosion parameters of initial as-plated and thermally treated binary Ni–P alloy coatings were determined from Tafel plot analysis.     

A new direct version of the Cook-Mayne method for wind pressure probabilities in temperate storms

The original Cook-Mayne (CM) method for obtaining a wind pressure or load of a prescribed probability is reviewed. A new direct calculation method is introduced. This does not require either Monte Carlo simulations or the assumption that extreme pressures conform to the ultimate Fisher-Tippett Type I asymptote. The required value is calculated directly with no intermediate stages. The new method still relies on the original assumptions that both the pressure coefficient and the wind dynamic head have extremes which conform to the ultimate FT1 asymptote.Violation of these two assumptions is studied in some cases where calculations based on these assumptions are compared with exact results. The direct CM method is found to retain accuracy in spite of departures from the assumptions and therefore can provide a robust design tool.     

浅谈住宅小区地下车库建设的利弊

我国以密集型多层或高层为主的住宅小区,随着私家车的日益增多,解决问题的办法大多是建地下车库。随之而来的问题是地下可能被“掏空”,而且地下建筑造价高、技术难度大,只为多建有限面积的地下空间,付出的代价可谓太多,地下工程的不可逆性又会给将来改造和土地再次利用带来困难。其他的选择是建机械式立体车库,政府主管部门制定相关政策限制小区内车位数量,鼓励兴建公共停车场,发展公共交通,更符合“以人为本”的指导思想。     

关于控制性详细规划整合的思考

以重庆市江北区中心地块控制性详细规划整合为例,提出控制性详细规划整合问题出现的诱因,控制性详细规划整合的基础、依据,并总结出控制性详细规划整合工作的研究重点,说明控制性详细规划整合在城市建设中起到的作用。     

浅析居住区绿色空间的规划设计

对居住区绿化的产生和发展进行了分析，从生态设计和景观设计两方面对居住区绿化的规划设计进行了论述，以探寻我国居住区绿色空间规划建设中的方法和对策。     

关于路边停车规划的几个问题

首先探讨了路边停车地位与作用 ,认为 :路边停车是停车系统中不可或缺的一部分 ,但只能作为路外停车的补充和配合 ,要依据不同的城市、区位特征来确定路边停车的地位与作用。接着分析了制约路边停车的道路条件、交通条件、路外停车设施、交通管理水平等制约因素。最后从系统性、协调性、动态性、可操作性 4个方面阐述路边停车规划应遵循的原则     

Effect of obstacle strength and spacing on the slope of Haasen plot

The rate sensitivity of multiple obstacle aluminium alloy system was measured using the stress relaxation method. A discrepancy was observed between the slope of the Haasen plot (rate sensitivity of dislocation–dislocation interaction) in pure metals and in alloys strengthened by multiple obstacles. Considering a simplifying assumption of the constant obstacle force–distance profile, it is suggested that slope of the Haasen plot is governed by glide dislocations’ length taking part in a thermally activated event. The relative strength and spacing of obstacles (forest dislocations, solutes and precipitates) is proposed to affect the thermally activated dislocation length, which in turn manifests as the difference in slope of the Haasen plot.     

亚里士多德情节理论之管窥

亚里士多德的著作《诗学》源远流长，将古典文论推向高潮，尤其是关于悲剧的情节理论更是点睛之笔，为后来文艺理论的百花齐放奠定了基调。立足于历时视角，解读亚里士多德情节理论的发展与影响。