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1.
(1) Background: the present review provides a comprehensive and up-to date overview of the potential exploitation of fasting as an anticancer strategy. The rationale for this concept is that fasting elicits a differential stress response in the setting of unfavorable conditions, empowering the survival of normal cells, while killing cancer cells. (2) Methods: the present narrative review presents the basic aspects of the hormonal, molecular, and cellular response to fasting, focusing on the interrelationship of fasting with oxidative stress. It also presents nonclinical and clinical evidence concerning the implementation of fasting as adjuvant to chemotherapy, highlighting current challenges and future perspectives. (3) Results: there is ample nonclinical evidence indicating that fasting can mitigate the toxicity of chemotherapy and/or increase the efficacy of chemotherapy. The relevant clinical research is encouraging, albeit still in its infancy. The path forward for implementing fasting in oncology is a personalized approach, entailing counteraction of current challenges, including: (i) patient selection; (ii) fasting patterns; (iii) timeline of fasting and refeeding; (iv) validation of biomarkers for assessment of fasting; and (v) establishment of protocols for patients’ monitoring. (4) Conclusion: prescribing fasting as anticancer medicine may not be far away if large randomized clinical trials consolidate its safety and efficacy.  相似文献   
2.
目的 研究乏油工况下GLC和DLC两种碳膜在航空轴承上的应用。方法通过磁控溅射技术在单晶硅片P(100)、轴承钢样块和轴承套圈表面分别制备了GLC和DLC两种薄膜。利用扫描电镜(SEM)、拉曼光谱对薄膜的截面和磨痕形貌及结构进行了分析。利用纳米压痕仪、摩擦磨损试验机等对薄膜的力学性能和摩擦学性能进行了研究。利用轴承试验机对镀两种膜的轴承进行了对比研究。结果 GLC和DLC两种碳基薄膜均结构致密,GLC薄膜含有更多的sp2,DLC薄膜含有更多的sp3;两种薄膜硬度分别达到18.2 GPa和22.2 GPa,弹性模量分别达到230.2 GPa和260.8 GPa,干摩擦条件下,薄膜摩擦系数分别低至0.11和0.21。镀膜轴承在运转0~10 h时,温升无明显差异;10~30 h过程中,镀GLC薄膜轴承温升约为40~45 ℃,而镀DLC薄膜轴承温升约为50~55 ℃。运转后,轴承滚子上出现转移膜,镀GLC薄膜的轴承磨损比镀DLC薄膜的轴承严重。结论 在乏油工况下,DLC薄膜具有更加优异的环境适应性。  相似文献   
3.
This paper investigates the issue of performance optimization for proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) system. In PEMFC system, the system efficiency is the key parameters to evaluate the system performance which is sensitive to the air flow rate. Thus, the careful selection of the air flow rate is crucial to ensure efficient, reliable and durable operation of the PEMFC system. In this paper, the dynamic response of the system under variable air flow rate is studied in detail by means of experiments on the built 5 kW PEMFC system with 110 cells and a catalyst active area of 250 cm2. The oxygen excess ratio (OER) is defined to indicate the state of oxygen supply. The experimental results show that the maximum efficiency is existed under certain net current. The OER conditions have the optimal characteristic for system efficiency. Through the optimization of system performance, the system efficiency can be increased by 12.2% on average. At the same time, the system dynamic characteristic under oxygen starvation and oxygen saturation are analyzed in detail based on the experimental data.  相似文献   
4.
The oxygen starvation in fuel cells is an important reason for the deterioration of durability. The segmented fuel cell is a method to study the gas distribution inside the fuel cell. In order to study the influence of the grooving method on segmented fuel cell and its application in oxygen starvation diagnosis, a five-serpentine-channel three-dimensional two-phase simulation model is established by FLUENT. Through steady-state simulation, the effect of grooving method on fuel cell performance is studied. The overall performance (polarization curve) of the fuel cell drops slightly, but the current density distribution on the anode graphite plate changes greatly due to the grooves. The “current concentration” phenomenon is proposed based on the current density distribution. Through dynamic simulation, the oxygen starvation under current load mode and voltage load mode is simulated, and the “starvation coefficient” is defined as an oxygen starvation diagnostic index. In the current load mode, the “starvation coefficient” never exceed 15%, because when the oxygen starvation is severe, the simulation cannot converge or even cannot maintain, which corresponds to the voltage reversal in reality. However, in the voltage load mode, the “starvation coefficient” can reach up to 100%. The conclusions have important guiding significance for the judgment of the internal reaction uniformity of the segmented fuel cell by grooving method and provide a theoretical basis for judging whether a fuel cell is out of oxygen by segmented fuel cell.  相似文献   
5.
Voltage reversal induced by hydrogen starvation can severely corrode the anode catalyst support and deteriorate the performance of proton exchange membrane fuel cells. A material-based strategy is the inclusion of an oxygen evolution reaction catalyst (e.g., IrO2) in the anode to promote water electrolysis over harmful carbon corrosion. In this work, an Ir-Pt/C composite catalyst with high metal loading is prepared. The membrane-electrode-assembly (MEA) with 80 wt% Ir-Pt(1:2)/C shows a first reversal time (FRT) of up to 20 hours, which is about ten times that of MEA with 50 wt% Ir-Pt(1:2)/C does. Furthermore, the MEA with 80 wt% Ir-Pt(1:2)/C exhibits a minimum cell voltage loss of 6 mV@1 A/cm2 when the FRT is terminated in 2 hours, in which the MEA with 50 wt% Ir-Pt(1:2)/C exhibits a voltage loss of 105 mV@1 A/cm2. Further physicochemical and electrochemical characterizations demonstrate that the destruction of anode catalyst layer caused by the voltage reversal process is alleviated by the use of the composite catalyst with high metal loading. Hence, our results reveal that the combination of OER catalyst on the Pt/C with high metal loading is a promising approach to alleviate the degradation of anode catalyst layer during the voltage reversal process for PEMFCs.  相似文献   
6.
In the present paper, new results using in situ video are presented regarding boiling water reactor (BWR) control blade degradation up to 1750 K at the beginning of a nuclear severe accident. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS) mapping indicated stratification of the absorber blade melt with formation of a chromium and boride-enriched layer. High-content-B- and C-containing material with increased melting temperature acted like a shielding and was found to prevent further relocation of control blade claddings. The interacted layers around the B4C-granules prevented direct steam attack of residual B4C. The results provide new insights for understanding of the absorber blade degradation mechanism under reducing conditions specific to Fukushima Dai-Ichi Unit 2 resulting from prolonged steam starvation.  相似文献   
7.
8.
A generalized discussion of the anomaly of starvation is presented. Starvation is defined to be an infinite or unbounded delay, and classified in terms of its cause and the methods used for its control. A model and a set of control mechanisms are developed. The model, appropriate for various buffered and unbuffered resource systems, allows an ordering of requests by time and by stages of their lifetimes. We investigate the behavior and control of requests during starvation and during various anomalies of conflict.  相似文献   
9.
好氧饥饿对膨胀污泥硝化性能及污泥特性的影响   总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
采用SBR好/缺氧工艺,考察了好氧饥饿对于丝状菌膨胀污泥中硝化细菌活性及污泥性能的影响。结果表明,14 d的好氧饥饿过程(无外加底物,保持曝气)中,氨氧化细菌(ammonia-oxidizing bacteria,AOB)表现出更高的饥饿敏感性,其好氧衰减速率[(0.42±0.06)d-1)高于亚硝酸盐氧化菌(nitrite-oxidizing bacteria,NOB)的好氧衰减速率[(0.34±0.05)d-1]。恢复阶段初期,系统出现了明显的亚硝酸盐积累现象,这主要归因于AOB具有在环境发生改变时做出快速反应的能力,具体体现在AOB较NOB具有更高的活性恢复速率上。此外,好氧饥饿能够快速杀死丝状细菌,迅速改善膨胀污泥的沉降性能,使污泥的SVI由170 ml·g-1快速下降到30 ml·g-1。胞外聚合物(extracellular polymeric substances,EPS)和溶解性微生物产物(soluble microbial products,SMP)能够相互转化,并为饥饿污泥提供一定的碳源和能源,保证了细菌在饥饿环境中长期的细胞维持。  相似文献   
10.
FeNi合金镀铁缸套的摩擦磨损性能   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
采用对置往复式摩擦磨损试验机,选用CKS活塞环为配副,以摩擦因数、磨损量、断油摩擦时间为表征参数,以BP合金铸铁缸套为参照对象研究FeNi合金镀铁缸套的摩擦磨损性能,探索FeNi合金镀铁缸套的磨损机制。逐级加载的磨损试验表明:FeNi合金镀铁缸套的摩擦因数较BP合金铸铁缸套增大11%~20%;而磨损量则降低了11%;贫油试验表明两种缸套拉缸时间均随载荷增大而缩短,在40 MPa时FeNi合金镀铁缸套的拉缸时间较BP合金铸铁缸套延长了约6.5倍。与BP合金铸铁缸套的磨损机理为基体碾压平台在反复接触应力作用下脱落,以及犁削/切削形式的磨粒磨损不同,FeNi合金镀铁缸套的磨损机理主要是网状裂纹周围镀铁层的疲劳剥落。  相似文献   
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