Relationship of cow and calf circulating lipidomes with colostrum lipid composition and metabolic status of the cow

Newborn calves rely on lipids in colostrum for energy and immune function. The lipid concentration in colostrum, however, is highly variable, and little is known about its composition and maternal factors that influence its composition. The first objective was to measure plasma lipid composition of multiparous cows at 35 d before calving (BC; 35 ± 3 d; ± standard deviation) and 7 d BC (7 ± 2 d), their colostrum, and serum lipid composition of calves (24 h after birth) using multiple reaction monitoring profiling, which is an exploratory and highly sensitive lipidomic analysis method that screens lipids based on chemical functionality. Second, data were analyzed to determine if there were relationships between circulating lipids in the cow, colostrum lipids, and calf serum lipids. Third, relationships between markers of metabolic status of the cows and circulating and colostrum lipids were analyzed with correlation analysis. Blood was sampled and plasma prepared from multiparous cows (n = 16) at 35 and 7 d BC. Within 3 h of parturition, colostrum was collected from cows and fed to her calf. Calves received another feeding of colostrum within 12 h after birth and a serum sample was collected from each calf 24 h after the first feeding of colostrum. The metabolic status of cows was evaluated using insulin, glucose, and nonesterified fatty acid area under the curve in response to an intravenous glucose tolerance test performed at 3 wk BC. Lipids were extracted from plasma, colostrum, and calf serum and were analyzed using multiple reaction monitoring profiling. Concentration of lipids were calculated using spiked in standards and expressed as percent of lipids identified. Data were uploaded into MetaboAnalyst 5.0 for multivariate and univariate analysis. Principal component analysis indicated that circulating lipids in the cow and calf were distinct from lipids in colostrum. Phosphatidylglycerol (PG) concentration was greater in colostrum and calf serum than in cow plasma, with 23 of the 24 PG found in colostrum also found in calf serum. In response to intravenous glucose tolerance test in late gestation, nonesterified fatty acid area under the curve was positively related to total triacylglycerols lipids in 7 d BC plasma (r = 0.63) but negatively related to total membrane lipids in colostrum (r = ?0.55). Thus, the metabolic status of the dam influences circulating lipids and colostrum lipid content. Moreover, the circulating lipidome of the cow and calf are similar to one another and distinct from the colostrum lipidome, except for PG, where it appears that colostrum serves as the source for PG in the calf's circulation.     

油气管道及储运设施安全保障技术发展现状及展望

相比已经完善丰富的开采和勘探技术,油气的运输以及储存却仍然存在不足之处。我国对能源安全提出更加严格要求的同时,对区域经济的发展规划也有足够重视。因此,保障油气管道的安全则成为了我国能源安全战略的重中之重。在阐释油气管道现阶段在储运安全保障技术发展状况的基础上,分析了现存的问题及解决问题的手段,并指出未来可能使用的目标策略,为今后研究者提供一定程度上的借鉴经验。     

能量状态在果蔬采后衰老中的作用及其调控研究进展

能量是采后果蔬维持正常生理代谢活动的基础。近年来的研究表明,能量亏缺是导致采后果蔬衰老的重要因素。本文从采后果蔬的呼吸代谢、活性氧和细胞膜完整性与能量状态的关系等方面阐述能量状态在果蔬采后衰老中的作用,并对采后果蔬能量状态的调控措施以及调控机制等方面的研究进展进行综述。此外,从能量合成、转运、耗散和感知相关基因在转录和蛋白水平的表达与调控,采后果蔬衰老的起始因子,能量亏缺的应激反应等方面进行展望,旨在为从能量角度探究采后果蔬衰老的机制和研发果蔬采后保鲜新技术提供参考。     

塑料成型加工技术发展现状及研究进展

塑料在目前的经济社会生活中呈现出高速发展的趋势,,对塑料进行成型加工是完成塑料制品一个最终的过程。对塑料成型加工的不同方法进行了研究,分析不同技术存在的特点,了解塑料成型加工不同的发展趋势,促进塑料制品发展。     

氯碱企业快速熔断器运行状况调查报告

以2018年58家氯碱企业供电、整流技术与设备现状调查数据为依据,阐述了国内氯碱企业中快速熔断器的运行状况。调查数据中包括50家氯碱企业的快速熔断器的基本运行数据、投运时间及设备来源等。汇总了各企业在氯碱生产中使用快速熔断器时遇到的问题、发生的故障甚至酿成的生产事故及对氯碱生产造成的影响。并分析了事故发生的原因,提出了预防及解决措施,总结了事故处理经验,旨为氯碱生产提供参考依据。     

创伤弧菌致病性及致病机制研究进展

创伤弧菌广泛存在于海水和牡蛎等海产品中,具有很强的细胞毒性和溶血性,被美国疾病预防控制中心(CDC)列为三大致病性弧菌之一。本文就创伤弧菌在食品中的污染状况,人类感染途径及临床表现,致病性、致病机制和检测方法等进行综述,以期为该菌感染的预防和治疗提供理论依据。     

Effect of health status evaluated at arrival on growth in milk-fed veal calves: A prospective single cohort study

The objective of this prospective single cohort study was to determine the effect of health status at arrival on growth in milk-fed veal calves. Upon arrival at the veal facility, calves were evaluated using a standardized health scoring system and weighed, and the supplier of the calf was recorded. The calves were followed until slaughter, when the hot carcass weight (HCW) was reported. To calculate average daily gain (ADG), the HCW was transformed into an estimated live weight, weight at arrival was subtracted, and this value was divided by the number of days on feed. A mixed linear regression model was created to evaluate the association of health status on arrival with the ADG throughout the production period. A total of 4,825 calves were evaluated at arrival; however, due to inconsistent HCW data from one slaughter plant, and 357 calves dying during the production period, 2,283 calves were used for analysis. In the final model, 7 variables were significantly associated with ADG. Housing location within the farm, method of calf procurement (drover or auction-derived calves versus direct delivery from local farms) and having a higher body weight at arrival were associated with a higher ADG. The season of arrival (summer or fall compared with winter) and being dehydrated at arrival were associated with a lower ADG. Days on feed was also significant in the multivariable model and had a quadratic relationship with ADG. The associations identified suggest that there may be value in scoring dehydration and body weight at arrival to a veal facility.     

我国MTBE的生产使用现状及趋势分析

对我国MTBE的生产工艺及下游产品进行了详细的分析,重点分析了影响MTBE产品生产使用的各方面因素,从能源方针、车用燃料政策及环保要求等角度对我国MTBE产品的未来发展趋势进行了预测分析。结果显示,2020年以后我国汽油调和用MTBE的生产使用量将逐步降低,但此过程可能会较为平缓。     

高温车用燃料电池的发展及现状综述

燃料电池车以其能量转化效率高、绿色环保、噪音低等优点，被认为是替代传统化石能源汽车最有前景的新能源汽车。目前车用燃料电池的工作温度一般都低于80℃，低温的工作环境使其面临着诸多问题，如复杂的水管理和CO中毒等。通过提高质子交换膜燃料电池（PEMFC）的工作温度可以缓解这些问题，提高燃料电池的性能。然而，高温的工作环境也会对燃料电池带来诸多挑战，如膜脱水、催化剂团聚、冷启动速度缓慢等。要促进高温（90～120℃）车用燃料电池的快速发展，需要对其问题及解决方法进行分析。本文从电堆比功率、膜电极、双极板、进气方式、加湿方式等方面，介绍燃料电池的发展现状及存在的问题，包括Nafion膜和催化剂的热稳定问题、双极板的耐腐蚀问题、流道的气体分配问题、进气方式和加湿方式的优化以及冷启动问题。指出通过掺杂亲水性氧化物改善Nafion膜的高温性能；将Pt合金化及采用介孔炭提高催化剂的稳定性和电化学活性；镀层不锈钢金属双极板可以增强耐腐蚀性；3D流场等新型流场结构及提高进气温度、速度可以提高气体的均匀性；采用自增湿方式可以简化电堆结构等解决方法，以期对燃料电池车的进一步发展起到引导作用。     

基于百度学术搜索引擎的马铃薯糖苷生物碱研究态势分析

在茄科(Solonum)和一些百合科(Liliaceae)植物中存在着一类天然次生代谢产物糖苷生物碱(steroidal glycoalkaloids, SGAs),对于植物体来说,该物质具有抗拒病原微生物侵袭、昆虫采食以及化感效应等,但对于人畜来说,虽然该物质具有抑制癌细胞增长和调节风味等作用,但在马铃薯(SolonumtuberosumL.)块茎中含量较高时可导致人畜中毒、甚至死亡。研究分析近年来的马铃薯SGAs研究态势,结果表明,相关发文量总体呈逐渐增加的趋势,关于马铃薯SGAs的研究已渗透到许多学科,并与之形成了多个交叉学科,通过统计分析,总结出在该领域核心的相关研究人员和研究机构。因此,掌握马铃薯SGAs研究态势,对研究马铃薯SGAs以及其在马铃薯块及其制品中食用安全性具有重要意义。