Polarization discrimination between repeater false-target and radar target

High fidelity repeater false-target badly affects a radar system’s detecting, tracking, and data processing. It is an available approach of confronting false-target for radar that discriminates firstly and then eliminates. Whereas for the technique progress about the repeater false-target jam, it is more and more difficult to discriminate this jam in the time-domain, frequency-domain, or space-domain. The technique using polarization information to discriminate the target and false-target is discussed in th...     

Comments on the sliding wear of metals

The author reviews selected experimental results which have contributed to improved understanding of sliding wear processes. The emphasis is on the chemical and structural changes which occur at and near the surface of metallic materials during sliding in different environments. The importance of plastic deformation, fracture, transfer, mechanical mixing, phase transformations and oxidation is discussed. Examples of transitions are described, and interesting correlations noted. In selecting the content of this paper, the author includes controversial results and conclusions and raises questions about the development of wear equations, interpretations of the wear coefficient, the importance of adhesion, the roles of hardness, the causes of transitions and the location of debris-producing cracks.     

The dimensional nature of same–different discrimination behavior in pigeons.

We studied the dimensional nature of same–different discrimination behavior in pigeons. Birds first learned to discriminate between simultaneously presented displays of 16 identical items (Same arrays) and 16 nonidentical items (Different arrays), conditional on the color of the background. After discrimination mastery, we tested the birds with Mixture arrays comprising both identical and nonidentical items. Accuracy increased and reaction time decreased as the disparity in entropy (a measure of variability) between the arrays increased. As well, within each entropy disparity level, lower entropy values were more discriminable than higher entropy values. These results accord with a logarithmic relation between entropy and discriminative behavior and, thus, with the idea that the discrimination of Same from Different arrays follows Weber's Law. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)     

The effects of network neutrality on the diffusion of new Internet application services

The debate over network neutrality started with the appearance of new Internet application services that are latency sensitive and the use of broad bandwidth. These services are still diffusing, and more applications that use broader bandwidth with greater latency sensitivity are expected to be developed. To estimate precisely the effect of network neutrality regulation, it is necessary to forecast the number of end-users that will adopt application services. However, previous studies are limited in that they assume that the potential market and the final number of adopters are constant at the current market penetration level. By computational experiments, this research estimates the effect of network neutrality regulation considering the diffusion process of application services such as IPTV and VoIP. Additionally, it deduces the relation between the effect of network neutrality regulation and the level of diffusion of new Internet application services.     

基于运动变化的指势行为实时判别方法

提出了一种基于运动变化的实时指势判别方法。根据指势行为特征,跟踪手臂运动区域的运动状态,计算指势视频中每个独立运动序列的连续运动方向,统计其在一定方向范围内的累积运动帧数,当该运动序列在确定方向范围内的累积运动帧数达到预定范围时,根据指势手臂在指向目标时存在片刻停顿,从复杂场景中实时判别指势。实验结果表明,该方法简单、有效。     

基于灰色关联分析信息融合方法

多源信息融合是航天领域的一个共性问题。合理地确定先验信息的融合权重是解决该问题的关键之一。利用灰色关联度计算融合权重,使用简化融合模型获取先验分布,简化了分析与计算过程。计算机随机模拟结果表明该方法是合理可行的。     

基于DBSCAN技术的SAR图像感兴趣区域鉴别

使用一种新奇的聚类方法从粗略检测后的SAR图像中提取感兴趣区域(ROI),再通过多特征提取和综合鉴别,去除虚警保留目标,为进一步的目标识别做准备。自动目标聚类是基于SAR图像的自动目标识别系统的难点之一,带有噪声的基于密度的聚类方法 (DBSCAN)可以发现任意形状的聚类目标,只依赖于两个不敏感的系统参数,通过区域判断缩减计算时间减少计算内存,很好地适应了自动目标识别的系统需要。多特征目标鉴别方案基于聚类结果,研究聚类得到的感兴趣区域,通过提取多种特征综合判断,有效去除了虚警。所述方法已应用于某SAR-ATR系统,得到了很好的应用体验。     

Effects of initial albumen quality and mineral oil–chitosan emulsion coating on internal quality and shelf‐life of eggs during room temperature storage

Effects of mineral oil (MO) and mineral oil–chitosan emulsion (MO:CH = 25:75) as coatings on internal quality and shelf‐life of eggs were evaluated during 5‐week storage at 25 °C. Eggs with three different initial albumen qualities [Haugh unit (HU): H = 87.8, M = 75.6 and L = 70.9] were evaluated. As storage time increased, HU and yolk index values decreased whereas weight loss increased. Coating with MO and/or 25:75 MO:CH emulsion could preserve the internal quality for at least 4 more weeks for H‐eggs and at least 3 more weeks for M and/or L‐eggs, all with weight losses <0.92%. All coated eggs had >70% positive purchase intent, and their colour differences at week 0 could not be detected by naked human eye (ΔE^* < 3.0, noncoated eggs as reference). Consumers significantly differentiated freshly MO‐coated from noncoated eggs on overall surface appearance. This study demonstrated that MO and 25:75 MO:CH emulsion coatings could preserve internal quality and prolong shelf‐life of eggs.     

Principles and limitations of stable isotopes in differentiating organic and conventional foodstuffs: 2. Animal products

In this review, we examine the variation in stable isotope signatures of the lighter elements (δ²H, δ¹³C, δ¹⁵N, δ¹⁸O, and δ³⁴S) of tissues and excreta of domesticated animals, the factors affecting the isotopic composition of animal tissues, and whether stable isotopes may be used to differentiate organic and conventional modes of animal husbandry. The main factors affecting the δ¹³C signatures of livestock are the C3/C4 composition of the diet, the relative digestibility of the diet components, metabolic turnover, tissue and compound specificity, growth rate, and animal age. δ¹⁵N signatures of sheep and cattle products have been related mainly to diet signatures, which are quite variable among farms and between years. Although few data exist, a minor influence in δ¹⁵N signatures of animal products was attributed to N losses at the farm level, whereas stocking rate showed divergent findings. Correlations between mode of production and δ²H and δ¹⁸O have not been established, and only in one case of an animal product was δ³⁴S a satisfactory marker for mode of production. While many data exist on diet–tissue isotopic discrimination values among domesticated animals, there is a paucity of data that allow a direct and statistically verifiable comparison of the differences in the isotopic signatures of organically and conventionally grown animal products. The few comparisons are confined to beef, milk, and egg yolk, with no data for swine or lamb products. δ¹³C appears to be the most promising isotopic marker to differentiate organic and conventional production systems when maize (C4) is present in the conventional animal diet. However, δ¹³C may be unsuitable under tropical conditions, where C4 grasses are abundant, and where grass-based husbandry is predominant in both conventional and organic systems. Presently, there is no universal analytical method that can be applied to differentiate organic and conventional animal products.     

Viscosity changes of chitosan solution affect physico-functional properties and consumer perception of coated eggs during storage

Effects of storage of chitosan (CH) solution on physico-functional properties and consumer perception of CH-coated eggs were evaluated during 5- and 15-weeks storage at 25 °C and 4 °C, respectively. Seven treatments [CH0 (freshly-prepared), CH1 (stored for 1-week at 25 °C), CH1R (1-week, 4 °C), CH3 (3-weeks, 25 °C), CH3R (3-weeks, 4 °C), CH5 (5-weeks, 25 °C), CH5R (5-weeks, 4 °C)] were applied on eggshell. After 5-weeks storage, CH-solution viscosity decreased by 2.56 and 4.6 times, respectively, at 4 °C and 25 °C while pH slightly increased. CH0 preserved grade-A quality for 4-weeks vs. 1-week for noncoated eggs at 25 °C. After 5-weeks, weight loss (%) of coated eggs at 25 °C (6.04–5.59) was lower than that of noncoated eggs (7.44) but higher than that of all eggs at 4 °C (2.93–2.46). Albumen pH increased while emulsion capacity decreased with increased storage time; however, both were insignificantly affected by CH viscosity. Consumers perceived CH0- and CH1R-eggshell to be glossier than noncoated eggs after 5-weeks. Purchase intent was higher for CH-coated eggs (72–77.3%) than for noncoated eggs (61.3%). Overall, viscosity changes of CH-coating solution had lesser impact on quality of CH-coated eggs than did storage temperature/time of eggs.