Powder Deposition in Three Parallel-Oriented Dies of Different Shapes

Uniformity of bulk density distribution during the die filling process is required to minimize quality problems, such as distortion and cracking, for powder compacts. Understanding the die filling process is necessary in ensuring a uniform powder deposition. The second-generation pressure deposition tester (PDT-II) was used to investigate the deposition process and final pressure distribution of powder filling in toroidal, cylindrical, and E-shaped dies. All tests were conducted using a spray-dried free-flowing granular powder. The results indicated that for toroidal dies: (1) the area around 0° orientation (the leeward end) had the highest pressure values (1186.7 to 2498.0 Pa), with the average pressure values of the remaining area 353.7-648.0 Pa; (2) the pressure distribution was symmetrical about the centerline parallel to the feed shoe movement direction; (3) the highest feed shoe speed (500 mm/s) led to the most nonuniform pressure distribution among the three speeds; (4) higher feed shoe speed did not always result in higher final pressure values; and (5) the right die tended to have higher final pressure values (215.0 to 2498.0 Pa) than the center die (95.4 to 2052.5 Pa). For E-shaped dies: (1) the final pressure values of the middle leg (308.9 to 760.7 Pa) were higher than those of the left and the right legs (148.9 to 530.3 Pa); (2) the area along the backside had the highest final pressure value (1054.6 to 1303.8 Pa); (3) the pressure distribution was symmetrical about the centerline parallel to the feed shoe movement direction; and (4) neither the center die nor the right die always had higher pressure values than the other one at all locations. Comparison between cylindrical and toroidal dies indicated that: (1) neither of the two die shapes (cylinder and toroid) led to consistently higher or lower final pressure values at all locations and (2) for all three feed shoe speeds, the toroidal die had higher average final pressure values in the 0° orientation.     

Fourth-order accurate BLAGE iterative method for the solution of two-dimensional elliptic equations in polar co-ordinates

In this article, we report on the block alternating group explicit (BLAGE) iterative method for solving the block symmetric linear system derived from the fourth-order accurate nine-point discretisation of a two-dimensional elliptic equation in cylindrical polar co-ordinates. The error analysis of the BLAGE method is discussed briefly. The performance of this more accurate BLAGE method is compared with the corresponding block successive over relaxation (BSOR) method by considering two test problems, wherein the significance of the role played by two parameters ω₁ and ω₂ of the BLAGE method becomes evident in providing both convergence and accuracy of the computed solution.     

固支简支端部边界条件下同轴圆柱壳体的流致不稳定性研究

基于Paiedoussis等同轴圆柱壳体流致不稳定性的数学模型和研究方法，分析了固支－简支端部约束条件下同轴圆柱壳体系统的流致不稳定性，结果表明：同两端固支相比，固支－简支端部边界下壳体系统的失稳临界流速更低。     

挤出机双流道筒体的设计及换热能力的计算与分析

介绍了设计双流道筒体的必要性,通过建立物理、数学模型详细论述了双流道筒体的设计原理及换热计算过程,并通过试验对比分析验证了模型的可靠性,同时对单、双流道筒体的换热能力进行对比分析,得出了可靠的结论.     

Performance and Modeling of the MWIR HgCdTe Electron Avalanche Photodiode

The operation of the mid-wave infrared (MWIR) HgCdTe cylindrical electron injection avalanche photodiode (e-APD) is described. The measured gain and excess noise factor are related to the collection region fill factor. A two-dimensional diffusion model calculates the time-dependent response and steady-state pixel point spread function for cylindrical diodes, and predicts bandwidths near 1 GHz for small geometries. A 2 μm diameter spot scan system was developed for point spread function and crosstalk measurements at 80 K. An electron diffusion length of 13.4 μm was extracted from spot scan data. Bandwidth data are shown that indicate bandwidths in excess of 300 MHz for small unit cells geometries. Dark current data, at high gain levels, indicate an effective gain normalized dark density count as low as 1000 counts/μs/cm² at an APD gain of 444. A junction doping profile was determined from capacitance–voltage data. Spectral response data shows a gain-independent characteristic.     

钢质薄壁缸套和膜式煤气表外壳成型工艺分析及计算

介绍了内燃机的钢质薄壁缸套圆筒形拉伸、翻边工艺和膜式煤气表外壳的盒形成型工艺,并通过计算公式确定出相应的工艺尺寸。     

Isoflavone Conversion of Black Soybean by Immobilized Rhizopus spp.

Isoflavones exhibit many bioactive benefits, such as antioxidation, antimutagenic effects, and reduction of symptoms of postmenopause conditions. Aglycone forms of isoflavone have shown more biological effects over their glycosylated ones. Most isoflavones in nature, however, exist as glycosylated forms and cannot easily be absorbed in the intestines. The purpose of this study was to develop a fermentation process of black soybean to produce functional food using a Luffa cylindrical fiber biofilm reactor. Three filamentous-fungi, including Rhizopus oligosporus (BCRC 31996), Rhizopus oligosporus (NTU-5), and Rhizopus oryzae (BCRC 30894), were cultivated in black soybean medium. The assay using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging effect of fermented broth and isoflavone aglycosylation rate of genistin and daidzin were evaluated as indicators to determine the most suitable strain. After a 2-day cultivation in flasks, DPPH radical scavenging effect of R. oligosporus NTU-5 reached 83%, which is the maximum value among three strains. R. oligosporus NTU-5 was subsequently chosen as target strain and used for the scale-up of fungal-based aerobic growth. The optimal cultivation condition obtained in a 5-L bioreactor with Luffa cylindrical fiber was 30°C, 0.1 vvm aeration, 100 rpm agitation, 10% inoculum volume, and 6% (w/v) black soybean as medium. After a 6-day cultivation, R. oligosporus NTU-5 converted isoflavones to their aglycones, daidzein and genistein, and these were 59.7 and 23.6 μM, respectively. Isoflavone aglycosylation rate of daidzin and genistin were 77.6 and 31.8%, respectively. The DPPH scavenging effect was 62%.     

高速逆流色谱(HSCCC)在丝瓜苷类化合物提取中的应用

丝瓜正丁醇相采用AB-8大孔树脂,利用水和30%、50%、70%和95%的乙醇溶液洗脱提纯得总糖苷。30%洗脱部分以氯仿-甲醇-异丙醇-水(5:6:1:4)为溶剂系统采用高速逆流色谱分离得到4个酯苷类化合物和一个酸,分别为:阿魏酰-β-D-葡萄糖(Ⅰ);1-O-p-香豆酰-β-D-葡萄糖(Ⅱ);对羟基苯甲酰葡萄糖(Ⅲ);咖啡酰-β-D-葡萄糖(Ⅳ);香豆酸(Ⅴ)。50%洗脱部分以氯仿-甲醇-水(13:7:8)为溶剂系统采用高速逆流色谱分离得到2个黄酮苷类化合物,分别为:香叶木素-7-O-β-D-葡萄醛酸苷甲酯(Ⅵ);芹菜素-7-O-β-D-葡萄醛酸苷甲酯(Ⅶ)。70%洗脱部分以氯仿-甲醇-水(13:7:8)为溶剂系统采用高速逆流色谱分离得到1个皂苷化合物丝瓜皂苷H(Ⅷ)。化合物Ⅰ-Ⅶ都是首次从该植物中分离得出。     

考虑滑移效应的钢-混凝土组合梁弹性受弯承载力计算

以冷弯薄壁U型钢-混凝土组合梁为研究对象,对组合梁进行了理论分析,建立了考虑滑移效应的弹性抗弯强度计算公式,并计算了8根简支冷弯薄壁U型钢-混凝土组合梁弹性抗弯承载力.将理论计算值与相关文献中的试验结果进行对比,结果表明:考虑滑移效应的弹性弯矩计算值与试验值吻合较好,滑移效应对组合梁弹性抗弯承载力降低的影响不能忽略.     

Advances in Wine Aging Technologies for Enhancing Wine Quality and Accelerating Wine Aging Process

Wine aging is an important process to produce high-quality wines. Traditionally, wines are aged in oak barrel aging systems. However, due to the disadvantages of the traditional aging technology, such as lengthy time needed, high cost, etc., innovative aging technologies have been developed. These technologies involve aging wines using wood fragments, application of micro-oxygenation, aging on lees, or application of some physical methods. Moreover, wine bottling can be regarded as the second phase of wine aging and is essential for most wines. Each technology can benefit the aging process from different aspects. Traditional oak barrel aging technology is the oldest and widely accepted technology. The application of wood fragments and physical methods are promising in accelerating aging process artificially, while application of micro-oxygenation and lees is reliable to improve wine quality. This paper reviews recent developments of the wine aging technologies. The impacts of operational parameters of each technology on wine quality during aging are analyzed, and comparisons among these aging technologies are made. In addition, several strategies to produce high-quality wines in a short aging period are also proposed.