面向自然人机交互的力触觉再现方法综述

力触觉再现技术借助力触觉人机接口设备,提供了操作者与虚拟环境之间的力触觉交互,使得操作者能够主动地触摸、感知和操纵虚拟物体,从而有效增强了虚拟现实等系统的真实感和沉浸感,进一步拓展了虚拟现实等技术的应用领域。传统的穿戴式、力反馈操纵杆式力触觉再现设备在便携性、操作空间等方面存在局限性,随着计算机技术与消费电子的快速发展,面向自然交互的力触觉再现方法受到广泛的关注。评述了传统的穿戴式、力反馈操纵杆式力触觉再现设备后,重点阐述了非固定式和非接触式的两类面向自然交互的力触觉再现方法。在对比分析不同的力触觉再现方法之间的差异后,探讨了面向自然交互的力触觉再现方法的未来发展方向。     

A Visible and Near-Infrared Light-Fueled Omnidirectional Twist-Bend Crawling Robot

In recent years, although light-driven soft actuators have attracted intense scientific attention and achieved remarkable progress, the design and construction of an intelligent robotic system with maneuverability, self-adaptability, untethered control, and greater freedom of action, in particular the omnidirectional motion capability on a plane, remains challenging. Herein, four types of photo-thermal fillers and an unprecedented twist-bend actuation mode is introduced into a liquid crystal elastomer-based soft robot. The obtained twist-bend crawling robot not only exhibits in situ rotation, four-way turning, and four-way linear motion under light irradiation with four wavelength bands (520, 655, 808, and 980 nm), but also demonstrates the ability to avoid obstacles in complex geographical environments. This work may bring a new perspective for fabrication and development of soft robots that can adapt to dynamic and complex environmental conditions.     

无系留大负载软体抓持机器人研究发展综述

受软体材料、制造工艺、核心部件的限制，大多数的软体机器人负载能力较低，不能随机携带控制和能量硬件系统，不得不通过管路和线路系留在外部硬件上，这严重限制了软体机器人的作业范围和应用领域。在众多的软体机器人中，软体抓持机器人发展较快，主要包括两类：一类是软体末端，主要配合机械臂、水下机器人、无人机、人体等完成抓取任务；另一类是以抓持功能为主兼具位姿变换功能的运动软体夹持器，实现了自身抓持结构特性与运动功能的巧妙融合。针对软体机器人技术领域无系留与大负载的共性话题，聚焦应用前景广阔的软体抓持机器人，从无系留驱动与系统集成、负载力提升等方面分析了软体抓持机器人发展过程中所取得的显著成果和存在的不足之处，系统总结了无系留大负载软体抓持机器人研发技术和面临的主要挑战，为软体抓持机器人发展方向与性能提升提供参考，推动软体机器人进入实际应用领域。     

Spiral-Shape Fast-Moving Soft Robots

Soft robots typically exhibit limited agility due to inherent properties of soft materials. The structural design of soft robots is one of the key elements to improve their mobility. Inspired by the Archimedean spiral geometry in nature, here, a fast-moving spiral-shaped soft robot made of a piezoelectric composite with an amorphous piezoelectric vinylidene fluoride film and a layer of copper tape is presented. The soft robot demonstrates a forward locomotion speed of 76 body length per second under the first-order resonance frequency and a backward locomotion speed of 11.26 body length per second at the third-order resonance frequency. Moreover, the multitasking capabilities of the soft robot in slope climbing, step jumping, load carrying, and steering are demonstrated. The soft robot can escape from a relatively confined space without external control and human intervention. An untethered robot with a battery and a flexible circuit (a payload of 1.665 g and a total weight of 1.815 g) can move at an absolute speed of 20 mm s⁻¹ (1 body length per second). This study opens a new generic design paradigm for next-generation fast-moving soft robots that are applicable for multifunctionality at small scales.     

The Design and Construction of a Vertical Wind Tunnel for the Study of Untethered Firebrands in Flight

The design and construction of a wind tunnel with a vertical working section, which was used successfully for the study of untethered firebrands at their terminal velocity, is described. Two unique features in this tunnel design set it aside from previous vertical wind tunnels: the vertical working section has a divergent taper that allows a firebrand to find its terminal velocity within a velocity gradient, and the velocity of the boundary layer of the working section has been forced to a higher speed than the central zone to stop the firebrand impacting on the working section walls. These features in combination with a responsive speed control on the fan allow observation of burning firebrands throughout their viable lifetime in freefall with changing terminal velocities. This paper is intended as a synthesis of wind tunnel design and as a guide to researchers considering building similar devices to study the untethered flight characteristics of local species of firebrands.     

质子交换膜燃料电池在无缆水下机器人上的应用研究

质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)作为一种新兴的能源，在汽车和航天器上已经获得成功 的应用，本文针对水下环境和PEMFC的特点，对PEMFC在无缆水下机器人（UUV）上试验应用 的关键技术进行讨论．