重温类型学

本文讨论了建筑类型学理论的方方面面:定义、历史、作为城市本体论的类型学,作为“元”理论的类型学,阿尔甘的类型学,维勒的类型学,柯尔孔的类型学,克里尔的实用类型学,和罗西的城市建筑类型学。     

Spaces of Freedom

The predicaments of the current global climate bring a new poignancy and focus to architecture. Emiliano Gandolfi , the curator of the much lauded ‘Experimental Architecture’ exhibition in the Padiglione Italia at the 2008 Venice Biennale, outlines how an emerging group of designers are redefining architecture as they seek to provide solutions that identify people's needs and address the exigencies of global warning, the environmental crisis and migration. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The Employment of Reason

Rationalism in the Netherlands is characterised by pragmatism. As Charles Rattray explains it is a practical bent that was driven in the 20th century by the exigencies of building cheaply and quickly a large amount of social housing on a relatively small amount of land. It is a strand that has been underscored by a belief in reason across time and a confidence in an analytical approach. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

阿尔多·凡·艾克 1 的构型原则

本文通过荷兰建筑师阿尔多·凡·艾克所提出的建筑构型原则,分析了结构主义建筑理论产生的背景、基本主张以及实践方法。     

Buckling Correction for Experimental Power Distribution within Fuel Assemblies in a Finite System

For design calculations to determine the local power distribution in a fuel assembly of a power reactor, the neutron flux is usually assumed to be symmetrical at the outer boundary of the assembly. In actuality, experimental data on power distributions are obtained in a finite system where this symmetry does not apply, so that the calculated values cannot be directly compared with observed data. In a zero power critical experiment in particular, the measurement must be performed in a fairly small core assembly so economize the amount of fuel materials to be used for simulation. This introduces the necessity of special considerations in the comparison between design and observed data.

The authors propose a method incorporating direct corrections to the experimentally determined. power distributions based on the geometrical buckling of the system. In this method the experimental power P ⁰ (r) is divided by the neutron flux Q (r) which is determined in the critical state with geometrical buckling in a bare (one neutron energy group) reactor, neglecting the reflector region of the experimental system. A sample application of the method to an actual light water lattice has confirmed the validity of the method.     

Detailing the Walled Garden for Lebbeus

Neil Spiller , the Hawksmoor Chair of Architecture and Landscape and Deputy Pro Vice Chancellor of the University of Greenwich, London, has an unrivalled international reputation for the virtuosity of his visionary graphic work. Here, in a highly personal and poetic eulogy to Lebbeus Woods, Spiller pays tribute to his master through the lens of his own work, where detail becomes an important element in an imagined, augmented world in which the concrete or the specific lends credence to the fictional.