Stay with the flow: How macroinvertebrate communities recover during the rewetting phase in Alpine streams affected by an exceptional drought

Droughts are affecting an increasing number of lotic ecosystems worldwide due to the combined effects of climatic and anthropogenic pressures. Unlike naturally intermittent rivers, where the drying phase is a part of the annual flow regime, water scarcity in Alpine rivers represents a relatively recent phenomenon and, therefore, a major threat for the biodiversity of these lotic ecosystems. However, Alpine stream community response to drought is still poorly investigated. Here, we assess the recovery of macroinvertebrates in two Alpine streams after a supraseasonal drought. As water returned, a total of 10 sampling sessions were carried out, and temporal patterns in diversity, density, and taxonomic composition of benthic communities, as well as in the percentage of functional feeding groups, were investigated. We found that the resistance of invertebrate communities in Alpine streams is generally low: drought markedly reduced the diversity and density of macroinvertebrates. Conversely, our results suggest that the passive dispersal by drift from the upstream river sections seems the most probable mechanism promoting the post‐drought recovery. Nevertheless, this resilience ability appears to be stream specific and influenced by intrinsic stream characteristics, including the flow permanence and distance from the nearest upstream perennial reach. This work sheds light on the ecological consequences of droughts on macroinvertebrate communities. As flow intermittency in Alpine areas is expected to intensify under current global change scenarios, results of this study provide important information to predict changes in the taxonomic composition and diversity of macroinvertebrate communities.     

离网太阳能发电系统在高寒地区5G基站中的应用

根据5G基站供电负荷需求及建设要求,针对新疆南部、西藏北部等高寒地区没有市电、气温低、基础设施差等问题,立足目前太阳能电池及备用电池的技术发展,提出高寒地区5G基站采用高效单晶硅太阳能电池与阀控式密封铅碳蓄电池组成的离网太阳能发电系统,同时从能量平衡角度提出机房的辅助加热方案确保机房环境满足运行要求,并论证工程配置计算...     

哈尔滨典型街谷空间PM2.5分布场与绿色界面指数相关性研究

在城市化快速进程的背景下,城市街区PM2.5污染日益严重,本文选取哈尔滨在不同季节的典型街谷空间,对以叶面积密度（LA D）、叶面积指数（LAI）为实测要素的绿色界面指数以及PM2.5浓度进行实测对比研究。通过对实测数据的分析和挖掘,最终得出如下结论：首先,典型街谷空间PM2.5时段浓度呈现上午比下午平均高37.75%,冬季比夏季高4.7倍的特征;其次,街谷空间的灌木界面对PM2.5浓度场平均积极贡献率为18.62%;最后,对PM2.5的衰减率与实测街谷绿色界面的叶面积密度（LAD）与叶面积指数（LAI）进行相关性分析,结果显示街谷绿色界面对PM2.5浓度的衰减作用与叶面积密度（LAD）呈显著负相关关系,与叶面积指数（LAI）的相关性程度较弱。     

An evaluation of the retention of quality characteristics in fresh and freeze-dried alpine strawberries

Alpine strawberries (Fragaria vesca) are used in fruit juice, marmalade, or jam production and as a result have economical importance in food sector. The fresh alpine strawberries have a tendency to lose their quality in a few days as a result of high water loss and spoilage. In this paper, the results of a study on the effects of freeze drying process on the characteristics of the alpine strawberries, such as firmness, sugar content, pH, colour, weight loss, dissolved solids, anthocyanin and vitamin C content with reference to the fresh, are reported. Freeze‐drying indicated no difference in the characteristics of the alpine strawberries when compared with the fresh. It is found that a slight acid or base addition onto the rehydrated alpine strawberry juice preserved the stability of pigments and the colour. In addition, the rehydrated alpine strawberry juice exhibited an antimicrobial activity towards an important foodborne pathogen, Enterobacter faecium ATCC 6057.     

USING OTOLITH CHEMISTRY TAGS AND GROWTH PATTERNS TO DISTINGUISH MOVEMENTS AND PROVENANCE OF NATIVE FISH IN THE GRAND CANYON

Fish otolith and water chemistry were assessed in the Grand Canyon reach of the Colorado River and its tributaries. Aqueous strontium and selenium (in ratio to calcium) and carbon stable isotopic ratios were identified as markers with excellent potential to track the provenance and movements of the endangered humpback chub Gila cypha. Although otolith δ¹³C and Sr/Ca varied proportionately to water chemistry and provided a framework for detailed study of humpback chub movements, otolith Se/Ca showed ambiguous tracking of known water chemistries. As an application, we document the natal source and movement dynamics of n = 10 humpback chub and compare these findings from otolith microchemistry with the current paradigm of humpback chub spawning ecology. We found that seven of ten fish follow the current early life history paradigm and were spawned in the Little Colorado River and subsequently emigrated to the main stem Colorado River as juveniles. However, the otolith markers of three fish suggest an alternative early life trajectory with unknown provenance. Age and growth analyses demonstrate seasonally higher growth rates in the warmer Little Colorado River compared with the Colorado River. Combining natural markers with age and growth reconstructions provides a powerful tool for assessing the habitat use and success of humpback chub in the Grand Canyon. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

琼东南盆地中央峡谷西段充填体系沉积演化与砂体分布

依据三维地震资料和钻井资料,通过分析地震剖面反射特征和均方根振幅属性,对琼东南盆地中央峡谷充填体系西段沉积演化和砂体分布进行了研究。结果表明:①中央峡谷主要充填时期为距今5.5~1.8Ma,可划分为三个阶段,分别为峡谷轴向充填期(LST30)、低弯度水道发育期(LST29)和块状搬运复合体沉积(MTCs)充填期(LST28和LST27);②峡谷充填体系主要受峡谷走向物源、海南岛物源和峡谷南部物源控制,并在峡谷充填过程中呈现单-物源与双物源相互转化的复杂变化过程;③中央峡谷西段发育峡谷轴向充填砂体、水道砂体、朵叶状砂体以及堤岸砂体,其中峡谷轴向充填砂体主要分布于LST30之内,水道砂体在研究区东部发育于LST30晚期,并在LST29时期最为发育,朵状砂体发育于LST29,主要集中分布于研究区的东部,堤岸砂体主要发育于LST30晚期水道沉积的两侧;④峡谷轴向充填砂体、朵叶状砂体以及堤岸砂体分布较广,可作为该区的有利储层。     

Lost Somewhere in the Mountains: Wilhelm Angerer and Austrian Heimat Photography

This article examines the Austrian Homeland or Heimat movement through an investigation of Wilhelm Angerer's 1942 book of poems and photographs, A Song Sweeps Down from the Mountains (Ein Lied rauscht von den Bergen). The multifaceted, widespread regionalist or homeland movement infiltrated all areas of visual culture, from tourist postcards and popular films to high‐quality picture books and exhibition prints. In considering the book by Angerer, this article highlights an intersection of modernity with tradition, defined in terms of a popular visual culture that formed a distinct and complex concept of the Austrian Heimat.     

Hydrothermal processes of Alpine Tundra Lakes, Beiluhe Basin, Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

Most of the alpine tundra lakes, of average size 8,500 m², are widely spread in the Beiluhe Basin on the Qing-Tibet Plateau, where ice-rich permafrost exists. Approximately 70% of the lakes are elliptical in shape and 15% are elongated. About 80% of the lakes are unfrozen to the bottom throughout the year while a larger portion of it, about 60%, may be underlain by taliks that penetrate permafrost. The BLH-A Lake, a representative lake with 2-m deep water in the region, has been observed for about four years (from 2006 to 2009). Ice starts to cover on the lake-surface after mid-October, and its thickness increases to 60 to 70 cm by the end of cold season. The ice cover then starts to melt in later April and melts completely around mid-May. The lake-surface temperatures change sinusoidally with the air temperatures, but lagging about half a month. The water warms with the increase of the water depth, and the maximum annual temperature appears at depth of 1.5 m with a value of 14.3 °C on July 30, 2007. The lake-bottom temperatures are not isothermal at different depths for most time of a year. It may be related to the variable climate, little snow, and intensive solar radiation. The mean annual lake-bottom temperatures are about 5.5 °C in the deep pool with 2 m deep water and 4.3 °C in the shallow nearshore zone with 1 m deep water. The warm lake-bottom causes considerable disturbance to the permafrost. Surveyed data show that there is no permafrost under the lake when the mean annual lake-bottom temperature is over 5 °C.