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1.
The combustion characteristics of ammonia/methanol mixtures were investigated numerically in this study. Methanol has a dramatic promotive effect on the laminar burning velocity (LBV) of ammonia. Three mechanisms from literature and another four self-developed mechanisms constructed in this study were evaluated using the measured laminar burning velocities of ammonia/methanol mixtures from Wang et al. (Combust.Flame. 2021). Generally, none of the selected mechanisms can precisely predict the measured laminar burning velocities at all conditions. Aiming to develop a simplified and reliable mechanism for ammonia/methanol mixtures, the constructed mechanism utilized NUI Galway mechanism (Combust.Flame. 2016) as methanol sub-mechanism and the Otomo mechanism (Int. J. Hydrogen. Energy. 2018) as ammonia sub-mechanism was optimized and reduced. The reduced mechanism entitled ‘DNO-NH3’, can accurately reproduce the measured laminar burning velocities of ammonia/methanol mixtures under all conditions. A reaction path analysis of the ammonia/methanol mixtures based on the DNO-NH3 mechanism shows that methanol is not directly involved in ammonia oxidation, instead, the produced methyl radicals from methanol oxidization contribute to the dehydrogenation of ammonia. Besides, NOx emission analysis demonstrates that 60% methanol addition results in the highest NOx emissions. The most important reactions dominating the NOx consumption and production are identified in this study.  相似文献   
2.
本研究建立起门式起重机车轮—轨道耦合动力学模型,基于ABAQUS/Implicit隐式动力学分析算法,探讨起重机轮—轨摩擦系统的振动特性。结果表明,系统低频模态表现为起重机主梁/轨道的弯曲变形,中频模态表现为起重机主梁/轨道的弯曲加扭转变形,而高频模态表现为主梁—轨道—车轮三者的耦合运动。在车轮与轨道摩擦过程中,车轮侧向产生持续的摩擦自激振动,轮—轨之间可能产生"啃轨"现象。相比之下,车轮的切向振动和法向振动强度相对较弱,主要产生在车轮运动的初始阶段,且切向振动强度明显大于法向振动,这可能导致所提升物体的切向偏摆更加剧烈。频域分析结果表明,车轮与轨道均能产生频率约为566 Hz的振动,起重机轮—轨之间的摩擦振动具有多频复合特征,是一种部件耦合与独立振动并存的非线性动力学行为。进一步地,本研究对车轮载荷不对称状态下的系统动力学响应进行分析,结果表明车轮载重较大一侧的侧向振动增强,而车轮载重较小一侧的切向振动和法向振动在初始阶段波动更为剧烈。由于载重不同,两侧轨道接触应力变化差异明显,载重更小的一侧可能出现短暂的轮轨分离与重新接触现象,这导致起重机轮轨系统的最大应力位置随着时间不断发生变化...  相似文献   
3.
In this work, a practical numerical model with few parameters was proposed for the prediction of environmental hydrogen embrittlement. The proposed method adopts hydrogen enhanced plasticity-based mechanism in a fracture strain model to describe hydrogen embrittlement. Fracture toughness degradation of three commercial steels SA372J70, AISI4130 and X80 in high pressure hydrogen environment were investigated. Firstly, governing equations for hydrogen distribution and material damage evolution was established. Hydrogen enhanced localized flow softening effect was coupled within fracture strain dependency on stress triaxiality. Then, the numerical implementation and identification process of model parameters was described. Model parameters of the investigated steels were determined based on experiment results from literatures. Finally, with the calibrated model, fracture toughness reduction of the steels was predicted in a wide range of hydrogen pressure. The prediction results were compared with experimental results. Reasonable accuracy was reached. The proposed method is an attempt to reach balance between physical accurate prediction and engineering practicality. It is promising to provide a simplified numerical tool for the design and fit for service evaluation of hydrogen storage vessels.  相似文献   
4.
Aiming at improving the relatively low energy output and energy conversion efficiency of the micro-thermal voltaic (MTPV) system, an innovative heat recirculating micro combustor with pin fins is designed. The effects of pin fins arrangement, hydrogen/air equivalent ratio on the energy output and performance of CHMC, HMCP and HMCI are compared and investigated. The result shows that when the Vin is 6 m/s and Φ is 1.0, the emitter power of CHMC is 72.76W, and that of HCMP and HCMI micro combustor are 75.99W and 76.35W. and the emitter efficiency of CHMC, HCMP and HCMI is 41.93%, 43.26% and 44.01%. HMCI has better energy output capability compared with CHMC and HMCP. Even though, HMCI brings a higher pressure drop, it is within the acceptable range. When the Vin is 6 m/s, the pressure drop from the pin fins only accounts for 26.4% of the total pressure drop for HMCI. Through the study of equivalent ratio, it is found that HMCI has good adaptability in different equivalent ratio range. This work provides new ideas for the development of MTPV system in the future.  相似文献   
5.
Hydrogen produced from renewable resources is one of the cleanest fuels and could be used to store intermittent solar, wind and other energies. The main concern about using hydrogen is its hazards, such as high storage pressure, wide-range flammability, low mass density, and high diffusion. This study investigated the hazards of compressed hydrogen storage by developing a CFD model to understand the gas dispersion behaviour. The model was validated using the past experimental data and showed a good agreement, which could demonstrate the diffusion characteristics and gas stratification of a buoyant gas. A case study of an accidental release of compressed hydrogen from a storage tank was investigated to evaluate the risk of a hydrogen plant. A mathematical model of the jet spill was used to account for the choking effect from a high-pressure release to ensure the input velocity in CFD simulation is suitable for modelling gas dispersion using verified spatial and temporal scales, then the simulation results were used as inputs of vapour cloud explosions (VCEs) to investigate the potential overpressure effect. It was found the CFD model could predict a more reasonable flammable gas amount in cloud than using the bulk hydrogen release rate. The safety distance based on the overpressure prediction was reduced by 35%. The method proposed in this study can provide more validity for the consequence analysis as part of risk assessment.  相似文献   
6.
7.
The present study investigates the combined influence of Channel to Rib Width (CRW) ratio and clamping pressure on the structure and performance of High Temperature-Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell (HT-PEMFC) using a three-dimensional numerical model developed previously. It also considers the impact of interfacial contact resistance between the Gas Diffusion Layer (GDL) and Bipolar Plate (BPP). The structural analysis of the single straight channel HT-PEMFC geometry shows that the von-Mises stress greatly increases in the GDL under the ribs as the CRW ratio increases resulting in considerably high deformation. The cell performance analysis depicts the significance of ohmic resistance and concentration polarization for different CRW ratios, particularly at higher operating current densities. However, in low to medium current density regions, the CRW ratio has little influence on cell performance. A substantial impact on the species, overpotential, and current distributions is observed. The findings also reveal that the CRW ratio significantly affects the temperature distribution in the cell.  相似文献   
8.
9.
翼形量水槽的工作原理决定其工作必然导致一定的水头损失,保证量水槽自由出流的渠道比降随水头损失增大而增大,本文希望通过仿生优化减小翼形量水槽工作水头损失,扩大其在平原灌区渠道的适用范围。本文探索性的利用鸟类翅膀飞行减阻特性选取3种鸟翼作为仿生原型,截取仿生翼形曲线10条,按10个攻角水平应用处理得到78条仿生翼形量水槽外轮廓线,选取3个收缩比开展3种流量工况的仿真试验,采用极差分析法评价仿生翼形量水槽外轮廓线二因素的显著性水平和优水平,较新颖的运用贝叶斯网络图模型推理分析方法解决仿生翼形曲线和攻角优组合的不确定性问题,通过模型试验验证应用可行性。结果表明:翼形曲线是影响优化的主要因素,赛鸽翼(1)为优曲线、-10°为优攻角;攻角-5°与翼形曲线赛鸽翼(1)联合作用效果最佳,将翼形曲线赛鸽翼(1)按攻角-5°应用处理的仿赛鸽翼截面曲线作为优选仿生翼形量水槽外轮廓线;新型仿赛鸽翼截面曲线型量水槽各工况临界淹没出流状态:测流精度很高(测流平均误差约1.28%)、壅水高度平均降低7.46%、水头损失平均降低5.81%、最大临界淹没度可达0.933、上游佛汝德数均小于0.4(可形成平稳缓流)、最小工作比降可达1/4960。综上,利用仿生技术优化翼形量水槽可行,新型仿赛鸽翼截面曲线型量水槽综合量水性能很好,可用于灌区小比降渠道精细量水。  相似文献   
10.
The heat production and thermal storage characteristics of rapid-preparation amorphous powder activated coke (RAC) were investigated. RAC was prepared by using a drop-tube reactor system. The natural oxidation characteristics of RAC were studied through combined TG–FTIR analysis and temperature-programmed experiment. Experimental results showed that CO and CO2 were the main oxidation products of RAC in air, and that the oxidation reaction was in accordance with the Arrhenius equation and law of mass action. Thermal storage characteristics were studied through computational fluid dynamics simulation. The maximum excess temperature θmax increases linearly with the increase of the initial temperature. The concentration fields of the products show that CO2 is mainly concentrated in the upper part of the coke bin, and the CO generated by CO2 at high temperature is mainly concentrated in the central part of the coke bin.  相似文献   
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