Experiences on education of students and professionals in thermal process safety

The number of incidents due to reactive hazards demonstrate the need of training for professionals and for students in the field of Thermal Process Safety. The specific difficulty in this field is that the assessment of thermal risks requires knowledge in physical chemistry as well as engineering knowledge. Hence, in order to teach this knowledge, it must first be simplified. The strongly non-linear behaviour of reactors in runaway situations also requires specific teaching methods. Different didactic tools are presented: case histories, numerical simulation, building a tool box (MS-Excel), E-Learning, Thermal Process Safety App, role game with a virtual laboratory are presented. The text concludes with some considerations on teaching professionals in the industry and students in universities.     

Targeted editing of intronic-splicing silencer enhancement of SMN2 Exon 7 inclusion by CRISPR/Case 9

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is an autosomal recessive hereditary neuromuscular disease. Exon 7 and 8 of survival of motor neuron 1 (SMN1) gene or only exon 7 homology deletion leads to the failure to produce a full-length SMN gene. The copy number of SMN2 gene with high homology of SMN1 affects the degree of disease and was the target gene for targeting therapy, in which splicing silencer in intron 7 was the key to suppress the inclusion of exon 7. In this study, we projected to use CRISPR/Case 9 for the targeted editing of intronic-splicing silencer (ISS) sequence to promote the inclusion of SMN2 exon 7 and increase the production of SMN2 full-length (FL) gene expression. It happens that there was a protospacer adjacent motif (PAM) at one end of the ISS sequence according to the design of sgRNA. The recombinant vector of sgRNA HSMN2 CRISPR/Case 9 was constructed and transfected into HEK293 cells. Sequencing results showed that the ISS sequence could be edited accurately and targeting in the predicted direction, in which deleting small fragments, inserting small amounts and mutation. Quantitative analysis of RT-PCR products by restriction enzyme of DdeI digestion showed that the FL of SMN2 increased by 8% (P < 0.05). In the primary cultured chondrocytes of SMA mice, in which sgRNA HSMN2 CRISPR/Case9 recombinant vector transfection could increase the SMN2 FL gene by 23% (P < 0.05) and significantly improve SMN protein levels (P < 0.05). CRISPR/Case 9 is an effective tool for gene editing and therapy of hereditary diseases, but it is rarely reported in the treatment of SMA diseases. This study shows that CRISPR/Case 9 was first used for the precision target of ISS sequence editing, which can effectively promote the production of SMN2 FL gene expressions, in which there was an important clinical reference value.     

“自动控制系统工程设计”课程思政教学实践

学习不仅仅是自然科学知识的学习，更是社会科学、民族文化、正确人生观和价值观的形成过程，“课程思政”无疑正是实现该目标的捷径，它是当前高等院校思想政治教育的新模式。如何提升学生解决“复杂工程问题”的能力成为高校开展工程教育和“新工科”的难点和重点，而课程思政正是培养学生解决“复杂工程问题”中所需要的非技术因素的重要途径。“自动控制系统工程设计”是自动化专业高年级学生的一门专业课，当前关于“课程思政”的论述是指导思想居多、实施经验以及案例设计较少，针对该问题以“自动控制系统工程设计”为例，详细给出了“课程思政”教学案例的具体实施过程，对同类课程提供参考。     

基于心理图式的知识挖掘与创新设计——以国庆彩车设计为例

为了提高设计创新效率,本研究基于心理图式提出了国庆彩车的设计程序与方法。研究按照浅层、中层和深层的次序递进,设计心理图式划分为“造型图式”“叙事与动作图式”以及“人物和情感图式”的基本类别,并提出了综合性、时态性、差异性和集体性四类基本属性。而后结合新中国成立70周年彩车设计,对不同心理图式的应用方法和属性进行了案例分析。本文所提出的方法在设计实践中得到了实证,具有一定的实用价值。     

盐穴地下储气库选址与评价新技术

为了满足我国南方非油气主产区和天然气主要消费市场寻找有利盐矿建设盐穴地下储气库的需求,解决盐穴储气库库址筛选条件不清、建库条件评价的内容与深度不一致的问题,在分析国内外盐穴地下储气库资料的基础上,提出了地质、地表条件相结合的库址筛选原则,创建了盐穴地下储气库建库条件评价体系;然后利用上述筛选原则和评价体系对长江三角洲、中南地区、东南沿海等3大天然气主要消费市场的部分盐矿进行了筛选排序;进而对其中条件较好的淮安盐矿进行了建库条件评价。研究结果表明:①盐穴储气库库址筛选的原则包括构造、埋深、含盐地层厚度、氯化钠含量、顶板和储量等6项地质原则和地表条件、水源与卤水、与管网距离等3项其他原则,利用上述原则可以对筛选目标进行快速地优选排序;②建库条件评价体系包括对构造、含盐地层特征、密封性与稳固性、可溶性、储气规模以及地表条件等的综合评价。结论认为,所建立的评价新技术可以有效地指导盐穴地下储气库的选址与评价,为盐穴储气库的方案设计提供了依据和有力的技术支持,所提出的厚夹层利用先导性建议现场实施效果好;该项研究成果对于加快我国地下储气库的建设具有积极的意义。     

黔北桑木场背斜铅锌矿深部找矿实例分析*#br#

黔北桑木场背斜位于上扬子地块黔北隆起区毕节弧形褶皱带与赤水克拉通盆地的交汇部位，属于有利的铅锌成矿区带。区内铅锌矿的赋矿层位主要有震旦系灯影组、寒武系清虚洞组、高台组及石冷水组，矿体多产于背斜核部并受断层或裂隙控制。通过对地层岩性特征、地表矿化特征、控容矿构造特征、化探异常特征、物探异常特征等进行综合研究，选择在成矿有利地段进行了工程验证，为进一步开展桑木场背斜铅锌矿深部找矿工作提供了思路。     

螺纹紧固件工程应用研究

螺纹紧固件在工业生产中应用广泛,螺距、旋合长度、拧紧力矩是正确选用螺纹紧固件、提高螺纹紧固件连接可靠性的关键参数。对螺纹紧固件的螺距、旋合长度进行了介绍,对拧紧力矩进行了计算,并对扳手的选用进行了分析。     

Case history on failure of a 67 M tall reinforced soil slope

Construction of this 67 m high RSS was completed in December 2006. After seven years in-service, a tension crack was observed at the top of the slope. In March 2015 this RSS structure catastrophically collapsed. This RSS structure collapsed in a compound failure mode; as the failure plane passed beneath, partially behind, and partially through the reinforced soil mass. The failure plane beneath the RSS was along a shale-claystone interface. The failure surface partially behind the RSS was along sandstone bedrock with water-seeping bedding planes dipping out of the rock mass. The failure surface through the upper portion of the RSS is where the geogrid reinforcement was overwhelmed by stresses originating from underlying deformation. The RSS collapse occurred after 8.3 years in-service as the shear strength along the shale-claystone interface decreased and approached the fully softened strength. The primary causative factors of this failure are: (i) an insufficient subsurface investigation program and interpretation of data for design and detailing; (ii) insufficient specifications and construction plan details for both foundation preparation and rock backcut benching; (iii) insufficient foundation preparation and rock backcut benching during construction; and (iv) adaptations to the design made during construction.     

Cross-fertilization for routine reconfiguration in IT-enabled organizational transformation

Routine reconfiguration is a key challenge for IT-enabled organizational transformation projects. However, how to successfully reconfigure existing routines remains unclear. This case study explores how to achieve routine reconfiguration in IT-enabled organizational transformation and suggests that routine reconfiguration can be achieved through the cross-fertilization of business domain knowledge. We identified a process model of cross-fertilization of business domain knowledge, which essentially incorporates three key processes (i.e., knowledge combination, reflection, and experimentation) and indicates that cross-fertilization can bring changes to all three types of trajectory components. The theoretical and practical implications of this study are also discussed.     

城市轨道交通供电系统新技术研究

供电系统是轨道交通重要的子系统,城市轨道交通对供电系统要求较高。为提高城市轨道交通供电系统的技术水平和运行质量,对智能传感器、大数据、故障预测与健康管理等城市轨道交通供电系统新技术进行了研究。