Structural Characteristics and Contemporary Value of Traditional Water Cultural Landscapes in Huizhou Region

Water culture is one of the key issues in Water Ecological Civilization. China’s traditional water cultural landscape embodies rich water cultures, and have a significance in related research and protection practice. This paper proposes the concept of “water cultural landscape,” that is, the landscape formed through humans’ environmental alteration during water activities—including how people use, transform, and manage it. The traditional water cultural landscapes in Huizhou Region have developed over hundreds of years, reflecting the locals’ wisdom in sustainable water use. The water cultural landscape in Huizhou Region should be interpreted as a systematic notion, in which all landscape elements such as ponds, weirs, and shuikous are interdependent, composing the landscape components e.g. valleys, hills, and basins, and establishing water security patterns for cities, towns, villages, and for production. The traditional water cultural landscape in Huizhou Region requires local generations’ long-term maintenance and management, and in turn it is also vital to Huizhou people's life and Huizhou culture. Today, it acts as an ecological infrastructure for sponge countryside and sponge city construction, and an important resource for heritage protection and tourism development.     

现代审美视角下非遗文创品牌的视觉设计及包装插画研究

文章从现代审美视角出发,结合前人的研究论证,探讨与补充非遗文创在品牌视觉设计及包装插画方面研究的理论不足,为设计者提供更加开阔的设计思路和更为新颖的设计手法,从而提升非遗文创的整体设计效果。     

Profiling of knowledge organisation systems for the annotation of Linked Data cultural resources

The importance of cultural heritage for supporting the knowledge economy has promoted its digitisation and online publication. Many cultural heritage repositories have published millions of digitised items using semantic web technologies and Linked Data approaches. These repositories frequently use knowledge organisation systems to classify the resources, but the domain heterogeneity makes it difficult to know if they are the most suitable ones. This paper describes the process used to discover and profile the knowledge organisation systems used in the cultural heritage domain. Additionally, for those knowledge organisation systems with a thesaurus-like structure, a detailed quality analysis is performed. The results of this analysis can be used as a key factor for the selection of knowledge organisation systems in classification tasks.     

Bracketing or reinforcing? Socio-economic status,network power,and online deliberation

The extent to which the deliberative scenario brackets socio-economic inequalities (i.e., functioning as an ideal public sphere) has been long-debating. This study empirically addresses this question in the online setting. We test whether offline advantages (i.e., economic and cultural capitals) can be translated into power in online deliberation and how their dynamic relations further influence interlocutors’ deliberation experience (i.e., perceived procedural fairness and validity claim). Power is conceptualized as network power, including prestige (indegree), leadership (outdegree), and brokering power (betweenness). A national sample of Singaporeans participated in a three-week online deliberation, and network power is measured based on the web log. The participants answered a two-wave (i.e., pre- and post-deliberation) survey to indicate individual attributes. Structural equation modeling finds that online deliberation brackets as well as reinforces offline status. Economic capital is suppressed while cultural capital translates into network power, which further influences interlocutors’ evaluation of the deliberation.     

从战后重建到预防性保护 —— 比利时建筑遗产保护之路

本文分为两个部分,第一部分简述了比利时在不同时期的建筑遗产保护实践,主要包括:第二次世界大战后的战后重建,威尼斯宣言颁布前后的相关实践,1975年"欧洲建筑遗产年"后对"历史文物古迹"的保护延伸到对次要建筑群及其所处环境以及历史城市、村镇的整体性保护,1988年文化遗产保护管理从比利时联邦下放到弗兰芒、瓦隆、布鲁塞尔三区实行分区管理等方面;第二部分着重介绍了比利时在建筑遗产的预防性保护这块的实践,以"文物古迹监护"机构近30年的实践为例,并试图从历史、社会、经济、管理、教育等角度对预防性保护得以成功实施的原因进行了分析。     

The role of viscoelasticity on heterogeneous stress fields at frictional interfaces

We investigate the evolution of heterogeneous stress states along frictional interfaces. Using finite-element simulations, we model the occurrence of precursory slip sequences on a deformable-deformable as well as a deformable–rigid interface between two solids. Every interface rupture creates a stress concentration at its arrest position and erases the stress concentrations produced by previous slip events. While the interface is sticking perfectly between two slip events, erased stress concentrations reappear and survive several cycles of ruptures. Such reestablished stress concentrations are smaller than they were before the rupture. We show that the decrease rate of these stress concentrations is exponential with respect to the number of subsequent events and that the bulk viscoelasticity is at the origin of this history effect. During a slip event, the friction tractions at the interface change almost instantaneously, which leads, between two ruptures, to a relaxation-resembling viscous effect that restores the stress concentration. We describe the decrease rate analytically and highlight that it is proportional to the ratio of the viscous over the instantaneous Young’s moduli, and illustrate it by varying the material properties in our simulations.     

杭州文化创意产业区的空间发展格局及空间影响

在我国城市化发展转型的大环境下,随着城市新区的开发以及城市中心区传统产业的外迁和置换,文化创意产业区建设正日益受到城市决策者和研究者的关注。本文以杭州为例,在分析目前城市文化创意产业区建设现状的基础上,探讨了其在城市宏观层面的空间发展格局与发展的基本模式。     

Office of Technology Assessment: History,implementation, and participatory critique

The Office of Technology Assessment (OTA), which was created by the Technology Assignment Act of 1972, was—and still remains even after its abolishment in 1995—a unique congressional agency. OTA provided members of Congress with their own means of understanding and evaluating complex science and technology matters—of which there are no shortages. It spurred an entire literature of academic research both about OTA and the idea of technology assessment more generally. Understanding the legislative history and implementation of the Technology Assessment Act is crucial not just for scholarship, though. OTA was a blueprint for institutionalizing politically accountable technology assessment. Even as technologies advance at rapid rates, OTA still offers valuable lessons that scholars and policy-makers alike ought to glean. This paper places OTA in a contemporary context of (institutionalized) technology assessment. It contributes to a better understanding of OTA's origins by tracing its lineage to a set of federal reports beginning in 1929. It then analyzes OTA's response to pragmatic implementation questions of how to strike a balance between speed, depth, scope, and temporal focus. Lastly, it uses a public values framework to critique OTA's failure to adequately incorporate participatory elements into its processes.     

Terrain-Specific: Contemporary Landscape Architecture in Canada

The Canadian landscape has typically captured a global imaginary of a pristine wild, but how might its urban designed landscapes be distinctly understood? Foregrounded by the landscape transformations accelerated by climate change, the book Innate Terrain: Canadian Landscape Architecture, edited by Professor Alissa North from the University of Toronto, highlights landscape architecture projects situated on the unique Canadian terrain. Providing further provocation on Canadian landscape architecture, Innate Terrain seeks to fill the literary gap on contemporary landscape perspectives, distinguishing Canadian landscape architecture from global practice, and particularly, its well-documented American counterpart. Landscape architecture in the Canadian context has evolved and established its own distinct identity, one imbued with national and local sensitivities. Informed by diverse environmental and cultural contexts, Canadian-designed landscapes reflect and refer to the prevailing ecosystems of Canada’s innate terrain. Contrary to the preceding International Style, landscape architecture projects in Canada have adopted the ethos of Critical Regionalism in the second half of the 20th century. Contemporary Canadian practitioners are designing landscapes that are deeply informed by their surrounding geographical context while emphasizing cultural specificity. Central to this cultural specificity, addressed by a new generation of landscape architects, is the increasing recognition of Indigenous Traditional Knowledge within the discipline. Canadian landscape architects have collaborated with First Nations, Inuit, and Métis communities, including the keepers of this knowledge, to develop land management strategies and design landscape interventions.     

Defensible citadel:History and architectural character of the Lahore Railway Station

This study aims to investigate the defensible character of the Lahore railway station built in response to “the war of independence in 1857,” which greatly impacted the location and design of the building. This study demonstrates the integral role played by the railway station in the development of the new colonial city, which the British wants to be defensive in every aspect. Railways were introduced in Pakistan (India) soon after their inauguration in Britain. Beginning from the mode of transportation, the multifaced contribution of railways toward the urban growth, new architectural style, mode of construction, and technology cannot be recanted. The research is based on the documentation and analysis of the history of Lahore railway station design. First, this study uses primary and secondary data to offer a history of the Lahore railway station from its inception to final execution. Second, it explores the criteria adopted by the British for its site selection to make the station a defensible post. The research finding includes the visual features that enhanced the architectural character of the building. Qualitative methods are used including several other approaches, namely, literature review, archival data collection, analysis of photographs, and study of architectural drawings and old maps, to achieve the objectives.