Modeling target group heterogeneity in experimental consumer studies

Acceptance of a product by a consumer may result from a convoluted interplay between product attributes and individual characteristics of that consumer. Different methods that systematically combine product properties with consumer groups segmented on such characteristics have provided unprecedented insight, but ignore heterogeneity in acceptance within each consumer group. Although such knowledge is invaluable for targeted marketing, dedicated methods for consumer group heterogeneity are lacking. The authors aim to fill this gap by the Individual Differences (InD) method, which models differences between consumers within the same target group. The method scores the ‘diffusion’ within each group, shows how much each consumer contributes to that, and relates this information to product properties. Thereby also novel groups may be discovered, with attributes not covered in the consumer segmentation. The illustrative consumer study on apple juice reveals how young women differ in their price-consciousness and their acceptance on specific preparation technologies more than older women. Although men exhibit heterogeneity on the same product attributes, their mutual variability is considerably lower and they thereby form more homogeneous target groups.     

中国"大学城"现象的思考

本文是作者对中国“大学城”建设的一些思考。文章从中、外大学城的差异入手,分析了中国大学城建设中存在的问题以及不利倾向,提出了今后大学城建设应该注意的一些问题。     

浅析清代南北方造园风格差异——以留园和避暑山庄为例

中国古典园林发展到清朝已进入成熟时期。这一时期的北方皇家园林和江南私家园林同为中国后期园林发展史上的两个高峰,代表着中国风景式园林的最高水平。由于自然、人文、地方情感等方面的因素,使得北方皇家园林和江南私家园林在造园风格上有着截然不同的特点,这些差异在空间布局、建筑外观和景观组织等方面均有显著反映。     

东西方传统村落对比分析——以徽州地区南屏村和西班牙加泰罗尼亚地区Pals为例

本文通过对比分析东西方各具特色的村落布局和建筑营造,以作者成长故乡古徽州南屏村和游历他乡西班牙加泰罗尼亚Pals为例,说明传统村落地域营造现象的背后其实是深层次的社会文化差异。     

Research on the Spatial–Temporal Changes of Regional Morphology of Residential Neighborhoods in County-Level Cities of China: Cases Studies on Qingcheng County,Wu’an City,Changxing County,Lianjiang County,and Jintang County

The extensive growth in most Chinese cities at the expense of local identities of living settlement. Taking the 60 residential neighborhoods in county-level cities of varied climate zones in China as examples, this paper explores their spatial–temporal changes and differences in morphology, based on 12 morphological indicators through Principal Component Analysis and correlation analysis by ArcGIS 10.2, SPSS 22, and Origin 2021. The results show that 1) the construction dating of the 60 sample neighborhoods conforms to the development of China’s housing reform; 2) the spatial morphology of residential neighborhoods in county-level cities of different climate zones could be charaterized by 5 factors, i.e. neighborhood shape, development intensity, neighborhood size, layout order, and aggregation degree; 3) the disparities in the spatial morphology of residential neighborhoods in the same climate zone in different period of time are mostly indicated with 3 morphological indicators, i.e. Building Density, Neighborhood Area, and Green Space Ratio; rather, the morphology of residential neighborhoods built during a same period of time varies largely between climate zones, mainly indicated with Green Space Ratio, Degree of Building Angle Disorder, and Degree of Building Distance Disorder; and 4) China’s housing policies, climatic conditions, residential building patterns, and the urbanization of each city together influence the spatial–temporal changes in the spatial morphology, offering references to policy making, planning, and construction to protect the regional characteristics in the future.     

基于图像特征点的数字水印算法

几何攻击作用在加载有水印的图像上,水印同步信息被破坏,导致水印检测失败。为了恢复已失去的同步信息,提出一种基于筛选尺度不变特征估计几何攻击参数的数字水印算法。首先提取图像的尺度不变特征,利用像素差的平方和筛选尺度不变特征,去除易受几何攻击影响的尺度不变特征,保证最小二乘法迭代运算快速收敛,迭代一次就能得到基本准确的几何变换参量;水印信息进行游程编码,在其码值对应的载体图像的DCT块内嵌入。实验结果表明,该算法能获得很好的图像质量,且能十分有效地抵抗各种几何攻击。     

SPASCAD和PMCAD数据结构差异分析及对结构建模的影响

PKPM系列三维建模软件主要包含针对规则结构的PMCAD和针对复杂结构形式的SPASCAD两个部分。两个模块在设计之初就各有侧重,其内部的数据结构也不相同,最终的用户交互逻辑和后续处理流程也就有了很大的区别,文章尝试从内部机理来分析两个软件的异同,使能在运用中有更深入的理解。     

Generalized difference control of parallel streams temperatures

A furnace with multiple parallel passes and multiple burners is commonly seen in petroleum refineries. In order to maintain the furnace running in a safe, stable, and high-efficiency state it is necessary to control the outlet temperatures of the multiple passes to be the same. Due to the fact that the process of the oil heating in such furnace is nonlinear, multivariable, time varying, has serious coupling among passes, has frequent dynamic changes and a large time delay, traditional control methods have trouble in controlling these temperatures, and some advanced control methods, including predictive control, adaptive control, and robust control, are usually too complex for convenient use. In this paper, a control technique, called differences control technique (DsCT), is proposed to distribute the stream flowrates such that the stream temperatures are as identical as possible. The principle of the proposed technique is explained and demonstrated, and the results of its application to a real-life petroleum refinery furnace are also reported. The DsCT technique has the following advantages: it does not need complicated design procedures, the controller structure is simple, it is easy to apply, and it can be canonically applied to furnaces with different number of passes.     

循环经济与知识经济的本质差异解读

目前循环经济和知识经济已成为现代社会经济发展的两种重要形态,为了深入地从理论上把握好知识经济和循环经济的实质,从而更好地指导经济发展实践,有必要全面准确认识和把握它们的本质差异,其本质差异主要表现在两者的含义、理念、特征和所属的分类标准三个方面。     

对中国古典园林与英国自然风景园之综合分析比较

英国自然风景园与中国古典园林具有相似之处,但是区别无疑是巨大的。该文试从哲学基础及审美差异、设计观念和关于“自然”概念的理解等几方面比较深入地阐释两者的本质不同。