爆破工程费用计算方法探讨

爆破工程具有周期短、自成完整体系、技术管理严格的特点,但在费用管理上需进一步规范与整顿。本文阐述了工程费用的构成、调整及爆破工程费用的计算方法。     

Cyberbullying: Effect of emergency perception on the helping tendencies of bystanders

The effect of the emergency perception of bystanders of cyberbullying victims on helping behaviors is often neglected in research on cyberbullying. In this study, we explored the influence of this cognitive factor on cyber-bystanders’ helping tendencies as well as elucidated possible underlying processes. The results of two studies were reported. In Study 1, 150 undergraduates read a true case of a girl experiencing cyberbullying. The results indicated that when the participants perceived the victim’s situation to be more critical (i.e., higher emergency perception), their helping tendencies were stronger, partly through increased state empathy followed by feelings of responsibility to help. In Study 2, we randomly assigned 300 undergraduates to two groups. The low emergency group read the same cyberbullying case as Study 1, whereas the cyberbullying case read by the high emergency group contained additional emergency information of the victim. The results indicated that the high emergency group expressed stronger helping tendencies than did the low emergency group. This effect was caused by a stronger perception that the victim was in an emergency situation, which not only strengthened the participants’ helping tendencies directly but also indirectly through increasing their state empathy and feelings of responsibility to help.     

An immersive virtual reality serious game to enhance earthquake behavioral responses and post-earthquake evacuation preparedness in buildings

Enhancing the earthquake behavioral responses and post-earthquake evacuation preparedness of building occupants is beneficial to increasing their chances of survival and reducing casualties after the mainshock of an earthquake. Traditionally, training approaches such as seminars, posters, videos or drills are applied to enhance preparedness. However, they are not highly engaging and have limited sensory capabilities to mimic life-threatening scenarios for the purpose of training potential participants. Immersive Virtual Reality (IVR) and Serious Games (SG) as innovative digital technologies can be used to create training tools to overcome these limitations. In this study, we propose an IVR SG-based training system to improve earthquake behavioral responses and post-earthquake evacuation preparedness. Auckland City Hospital was chosen as a case study to test our IVR SG training system. A set of training objectives based on best evacuation practice has been identified and embedded into several training scenarios of the IVR SG. Hospital staff (healthcare and administrative professionals) and visitors were recruited as participants to be exposed to these training scenarios. Participants’ preparedness has been measured along two dimensions: 1) Knowledge about best evacuation practice; 2) Self-efficacy in dealing with earthquake emergencies. Assessment results showed that there was a significant knowledge and self-efficacy increase after the training. In addition, participants acknowledged that it was easy, helpful, and engaging to learn best evacuation practice knowledge through the IVR SG training system.     

Uncovering sentiment and retweet patterns of disaster-related tweets from a spatiotemporal perspective – A case study of Hurricane Harvey

Social media has been widely used for emergency communication both in disaster-affected areas and unaffected areas. Comparing emotional reaction and information propagation between on-site users and off-site users from a spatiotemporal perspective can help better comprehend collective human behavior during natural disasters. In this study, we investigate sentiment and retweet patterns of disaster-affected areas and disaster-unaffected areas at different stages of Hurricane Harvey. The results show that off-site tweets were more negative than on-site tweets, especially during the disaster. As for retweet patterns, indifferent-neutral and positive tweets spread broader than mixed-neutral and negative tweets. However, negative tweets spread faster than positive tweets, which reveals that social media users were more sensitive to negative information in disaster situations. With the development of the disaster, social media users were more sensitive to on-site positive messages than off-site negative posts. This data-driven study reveals the significant effect of sentiment expression on the publication and re-distribution of disaster-related messages. It generates implications for emergency communication and disaster management.     

Transmission of medical messages of patient using control signal of cellular network

The healthcare system needs to track and monitor patients’ status and information. One of the most important requirements is that the patient is able to access the service anywhere at any time. Systems are being developed using the Internet to monitor patients’ status, and in some areas, especially rural areas and motorways, the Internet may not be available, even though the mobile network is available. In some cases, the network might be overloaded, so the patient information cannot be delivered to the hospital or medical centre. We propose a new method that uses the spare extension of the random access channel (RACH), which is carried by physical random access channel (PRACH) to send the patient information to the medical centre. We present the mathematical model of the channel and compare the results with another system from 3GPP to evaluate the results. The results show that the proposed method needs less time to transmit the patient’s information.     

石油石化应急管理工作的问卷调查研究与讨论

为分析石油石化企业应急管理工作中存在的矛盾问题,本文选取有代表性的24家企业作为调查对象,通过随机抽样方法选定620名员工的样本容量,设置企业应急管理中涉及的应急培训、应急处置卡、应急准备、应急资源等4方面15项代表性问题作为问卷调查内容;根据调查问卷结果及分析,提出企业在应急培训、处置、准备方面的薄弱环节以及不同企业和领导层间在应急管理中的差异性;根据分析结果,提出相关措施建议,为后续应急管理工作的改进完善提供决策支持。     

山地旧城环境中高层建筑创作--重庆急救医疗中心综合楼

山地旧城诸多条件制约中的高层建筑创作，需要我们用缜密科学的方法研究错综复杂的环境条件，应对多维的城市景观要求，复杂的城市文脉要素，繁忙的城市交通，项目和城市整体效益等问题。本文试图通过重庆市急救医疗中心门诊住院综合楼的概念设计过程，展示在山地旧城复杂环境中独特的创作思维和创作方法。     

应对重大突发事件的规划反思

文章通过解析新型冠状病毒肺炎事件所暴露出来的城市规划建设短板,剖析国土空间规划存在的综合体系性问题和应急要素性问题,在此基础上结合国土空间规划改革的总体要求,对规划方法、应急保障类规划编制及社区空间治理等方面的内容进行思考,并提出相关建议,以期对相关规划有所参考。     

城市应急避难场所与城市绿地建设结合途径的探讨

从中国城市绿地与应急避难场所的设计和建设特点入手，结合中国城市绿地的实际情况，分析了两者结合的可能性和优劣势，并探讨了适应中国城市发展的城市绿地与应急避难场所相结合的原则及设计方式。提出两者建设结合应遵循统筹规划、安全优先、平灾结合、改建结合的4大原则，并对系统分类、空间布局、交通布局、地形设计及利用、内部设施利用、植物种植等结合途径进行探讨，为城市应急避难绿地的研究和建设提供参考。     

应急救援液压破拆工具高压动力单元设计

介绍一种新颖的应急救援液压破拆工具高压动力单元的工作原理及性能特点,结合设备实际使用情况,证明这种设计方案可以显著提高超高压动力单元的稳定性及可靠性,同时该设备压力余量大、调节方便、通用性强,可广泛应用于其他类似工具设备。