A computational approach to nutrition science reveals the dynamics of the protein content of human milk

To study the computational aspects of collecting available data in a systematically organized database is becoming a matter of urgency in Nutrition & Food Science. Indeed, major projects on developing big datasets have attempted to fill this gap, but so far with limitations on important facets of food composition such as its temporal variation and uncertainty quantification. The need for methodological data processing, from data acquisition, digital storage, statistics and visualization, via pattern recognition and modelling to prediction and optimization is key to make objective and knowledge-based decisions on scientific and technological issues for food industry, academy and regulation. This study aims to demonstrate the use of a recently developed database on the composition of human milk, the first and easily the most complex food in one's life. We show that the purpose-built ontology of the database, with novelties like considering the food composition as a temporal and stochastic response, can help to recognize patterns in the variation of its protein content.Industrial relevance textThis study highlights the need (i) for introducing ISO-like standards how to digitize food composition data; (ii) for computational methods to explore and utilize such databases to their full potentials.     

Support surface pore structures matter: Effects of support surface pore structures on the TFC gas separation membrane performance over a wide pressure range

In this work, the effects of support surface pore structures(including surface pore size, surface pore density and surface porosity) on the performance of thin film composite(TFC) gas separation membrane over a wide pressure range(from 0.3 to 2.0 MPa) were studied. To fulfill it, the polysulfone(PSf) supports with different surface pore structures were prepared. Two kinds of wide-accepted polymeric membrane materials, i.e., polyvinylamine(PVAm) and Pebax 1657 copolymer, were used as skin layer materials. We pointed out for the first time that the support surface average pore size and pore density could affect the chain mobility of polymer of skin layer at the support surface pore entrance, then, can affect the TFC membrane performance. Besides, we also discussed the effects of support on the TFC membrane performance when the feed pressure changes for the first time. This work can provide guidance for choosing a suitable support for TFC gas separation membrane.     

以课题制为核心的化工专业实习方式改革与实践

为培养学生的工程素质,我校化工专业采用以课题制为核心的实习方式，将企业生产中的工程问题梳理、凝练成小课题，让学生分组完成，企业技术人员和学校教师共同指导，采用课题报告、答辩、过程表现、安全知识考核等评价学习效果。这种实习方式能有效培养学生的自学能力和研究能力，增强学生的团队合作、沟通交流能力和社会责任感，显著提高学生的工程素质，有助于学生在学科竞赛和课程学习中取得优异的成绩。     

Reformate-enriched gasoline-ethanol blends: Volatility criteria and azeotrope formation

Four hydrocarbon-base gasolines (BG) were formulated from the local refinery streams; isomerate, reformate, and light naphtha. The formulations were enriched in reformate. Each of these BG formulations was blended with 10 vol% of anhydrous ethanol. From ASTM-D86 distillation data, eight distillation curves were constructed and the trend line equations of these distillation curves were developed. Also, the area under each distillation curve (AUDC) was calculated through calculus definite integration technique. Subsequently, the area due to azeotrope formation (ADAF) for each BG-ethanol blend was estimated. In this paper, the influence of increasing reformate proportions on the created positive azeotrope, was studied. Also the influence of increasing reformate proportions on vapor pressure, Temperature for the vapor-liquid ratio of 20, T50 and octane number was studied. The results show that the R² values of the distillation curve equations prove the reliability of the fits. Also, increasing reformate proportion in the fuel blend improves the octane number while increasing reformate proportion decreases the volatility of the fuel formulation.     

有轨电车车载储能系统研究

有轨电车车载储能系统是当前的业内热点。对有轨电车车载储能系统进行了研究,分析了有轨电车车载储能系统的容量配置、拓扑结构选择,论述了有轨电车车载储能系统的能量管理策略,并介绍了有轨电车车载储能系统的应用情况。     

二级剪叉式液压升降机液压缸布置方式研究

分析了二级剪叉式液压升降机的三种主要布置方式,以及液压缸倾斜布置时的三种液压缸安装位置方案。对于其中的一种方案,应用虚位移原理计算求解液压缸推力,并以液压缸推力最小为目标建立优化设计数学模型,通过MATLAB软件得到液压缸推力最小时的液压缸安装位置。通过研究液压缸布置方式,提高了二级剪叉式液压升降机的设计效率和传动质量。     

AlF3-modified LiCoPO4 for an advanced cathode towards high energy lithium-ion battery

Surface-interface reaction between the electrode and electrolyte plays a key role in lithium-ion storage properties, especially for high voltage cathode such as LiCoPO₄ and Ni-riched cathode. Generally, surface modification is an effective method to improve the electrochemical performance of electrode materials. Herein, in order to revise the LiCoPO₄ cathode with desirable properties, uniform AlF₃-modified LiCoPO₄ (LiCoPO₄@AlF₃) cathode materials in nano-sized distribution are synthesized. XRD result indicates that there is no structural transformation observed after AlF₃ coating. TEM characterization and XPS analysis reveal that the surface of LiCoPO₄ particle is coated by a nano-sized uniform AlF₃ layer. Further, the electrochemical results indicate that AlF₃ layer significantly improves the cycling and rate performances of LiCoPO₄ cathode within the voltage range of 3.0–5.0 V. After a series of optimization, 4 mol% AlF₃-coated LiCoPO₄ material exhibits the best properties including an initial discharge capacity of 159 mA h g^?1 at 0.1 C with 91% capacity retention after 50 cycles, especially a discharge capacity of 90 mA h g^?1 can be obtained at 1 C rate. CV curves indicate that the polarization of cathode is reduced by AlF₃ layer and EIS curves reveal that AlF₃ layer relieves the increase of resistance to facilitate Li-ion transfer at the interface between electrode and electrolyte during the cycling process. The enhanced electrochemical performances are attributed to that the AlF₃ layer can stabilize the interface between the cathode and electrolyte, form steady SEI film and suppress the electrolyte continuous decomposition at 5 V high voltages. This feasible strategy and novel characteristics of LiCoPO₄@AlF₃ could promise the prospective applications in the stat-art of special lithium-ion battery with high energy and/or power density.     

土壤中石油污染物的脱附过程

文章中主要采用有机溶剂萃取法（OSE）对高浓度石油污染土壤进行修复，经过精馏操作，有效回收原油，建立脱附等温曲线，研究了石油污染物在土壤-有机溶剂两相间的迁移规律。     

Grain boundary segregation and its influences on ionic conduction properties of scandia doped zirconia electrolytes

Solid oxide fuel cell is a promising energy conversion system which converts chemical energy into electrical energy directly. Electrolyte is the key component and determines the working temperature. In this paper,ceria and scandia co-doped zirconia electrolytes sintered from 1300 to 1550 ℃ were chosen as research objects. Scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy were performed to characterize the ceramic samples. The effects of grain size and grain boundary element segregation on the electrical conductivity were focused. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was used to calculate the bulk, grain boundary and specific grain boundary conductivity. Results show that the bulk and grain boundary ionic conductivity increases with the increasing grain size.However, the specific grain boundary conductivity decreases with the increasing grain size. This is explained by the fact that Sc~(3+) is segregated at the grain boundary, which leads to higher oxygen vacancy concentration when sintered at lower temperature.