Modeling unaccounted-for gas among residential natural gas consumers using a comprehensive fuzzy cognitive map

Residential natural gas consumption depends on several factors. Available tools and methods to identify, categorize, and validate effective factors have some limitations, making consumption modeling more complex. Once a comprehensive model of effective consumption factors is developed for residential gas consumers, it can predict consumption. In addition, such a model could be used to verify the accuracy of measuring devices in order to reduce unaccounted for gas (UFG). The key factors affecting residential gas consumption were identified based on previous studies and their mutual effects were analyzed using a fuzzy cognitive mapping (FCM) method. The most significant factors and their effects on natural gas consumption in the residential sector were determined. In this study, for the first time, the expected consumption for each consumer was estimated using a consumption index. Generally, if the estimated consumption is significantly different from the amount recorded by the meter, it could suggest a potential source of UFG. The proposed method was applied to the data collected from the residential gas consumers of a small region in Iran (Dasht-e Arjan region, Fars province), and the results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

河南渑池地区铝土矿工艺矿物学及锂的赋存状态研究

通过河南省渑池地区含锂铝土矿(岩)层工艺矿物学分析,查明铝土矿的物质组成、嵌布特征、伴生锂分布特征和赋存状态,为矿产综合利用提供理论依据。结果显示:该铝土矿Al2O3含量为54.8%,铝硅比值(A/S)为2.6,铝土矿层和粘土岩层中Li2O含量均高于伴生锂边界品位,粘土岩中锂更为富集；矿物组成除一水硬铝石之外,主要是以集合体形态产出的粘土矿物。采用稀酸解析、选矿测试和电子探针分析锂的赋存状态,查明矿石中锂主要是以类质同象置换形式赋存在伊利石和高岭石等粘土矿物中；选矿富锂尾矿中Li2O可富集到0.57%左右,是锂综合回收利用的重点研究对象。      

寒冷地区某既有办公建筑围护结构优化改造研究

既有公共建筑能耗中,围护结构节能潜力巨大。以兰州某既有办公建筑为例,采用DeST-C软件模拟围护结构不同材料厚度、窗型,得出系列负荷,通过对数据分析、比较,得出如下结论:外墙外保温适宜材料为50mm的挤塑板,最大热负荷节能率为45.66%;屋面适宜保温材料为65mm的挤塑板,最大热负荷节能率为4.25%;外窗各个朝向全部更换玻璃,推荐选用内张膜中空玻璃(双膜),最大热负荷节能率为7.36%;单独更换南向外窗材料,推荐选用真空镀膜复合中空玻璃,最大热负荷节能率为1.78%。     

基于村落宅图的分类及量化研究——以徽州传统村落群为例

本文以江西省婺源县沱川乡理坑、浙源乡虹关以及思口镇西冲的3次村落测绘作为研究的起点,逐步拓展至对12份徽州传统村落宗族图谱中的村落宅图进行分类及量化研究。通过对村落宅图的研究来还原徽州传统村落群的空间形态,探究其背后的地缘影响、血缘纽带和社会维系,归纳总结出9种村落群的基本构成要素及其所占比率,揭示村落群的空间构成和形态要素。希望在此基础上推演村落群形态的历史演变过程,还原与诠释村落群背后隐藏的内在秩序。     

A graphical method of presenting property rights,building types,and residential behaviors: A case study of Xiaoxihu historic area,Nanjing

One of the main reasons for the decline of urban historic areas in China is the co-existence of multiple property rights. It also deeply affects conservation and regeneration practice. This paper aims to propose a graphical method that illustrates the association between property rights, space, and resident behavior. Based on typological maps and justified graphs, a three-step method was proposed to visualize the relationships between these three elements. The final graph and quantitative data were used to observe the evolution of the courtyard building from a diachronic perspective, as well as to compare the residential behavior in different types from a synchronic perspective. The results show that following the subdivision of property rights, the building layout become more diverse due to various illegal additions, while the residential behavior within different building types tends to be consistent. Moreover, the study observed the traditional Chinese courtyard buildings’ adaptability. The findings contribute to understand the evolution of Chinese urban historic areas and internal motivation, and provide guidance for the conservation and regeneration practice.     

Prediction of nonlinear vertical settlement of a pile group consisting of new and existing displacement piles in clay strata

Reusing existing displacement piles is economical, time-saving, and environment-friendly. This paper presents an analytical approach for predicting the load carrying behavior of pile groups consisting of new and existing displacement piles. The evolutions of the undrained shear strength and shear modulus of clay adjacent to the piles from installation through consolidation to long-term ageing are investigated to determine the load carrying behavior of displacement piles. The nonlinear load-settlement behavior of an individual pile is modelled by load-transfer method, where the exponential function-based load-transfer models integrating the two developed soil parameters are employed to represent the nonlinear behavior at the pile-soil interface. The pile-pile interaction in the pile group is explored based on the shear displacement method. Combining the load-transfer method and the shear displacement method, an analytical framework is proposed for predicting the load-settlement behavior of pile groups consisting of new and existing piles. The proposed framework is validated by predicting the vertical settlement of a high-rise apartment built on a pile group consisting of 74 new displacement piles and 22 existing displacement piles during construction. Good agreement is achieved between the predicted and measured results. A parametric study is performed to explore the stiffness efficiency and the load-settlement behavior of pile groups with different layouts of new and existing piles. The results indicate that the pile group with larger ratio of the number of existing piles to the number of total piles shows both stronger stiffness and a higher load carrying capacity.     

建筑舒适的生态住宅小区声环境

从生态住宅小区环境建设的角度出发，分析了影响声环境建设的主要噪声因素，根据《绿色生态住宅小区建设要点与技术导则》规定的声环境设计的标准，提出了生态小区声环境建设的途径与对策。     

现代居住小区文化承传与风格创新——"锦绣江南家园"住宅小区简析

该文从建筑思潮、文化理念入手,全面分析介绍“锦绣江南家园”住宅小区在规划、建筑、景观、室内装饰等方面的特色,突出本小区弘扬民族文化精髓,注重文脉承传,同时,又尊重地域风情,结合现代生活方式进行风格创新的特征。