起·承·转·合 ——解读巍宝山长春洞空间布局的结构章法

长春洞是巍宝山保存最完整的宫 观，虽占地不到两亩①，却在有限的空间中 创造出九楼十院的空间格局。本文以长春洞 空间布局序列为研究对象，从知觉体验的 连续性入手，提出了空间变化对参观者情感 的影响，论述了在建筑空间布局序列中参观 者知觉体验逐层递进的控制机制，探讨了以 “起、承、转、合”为结构，以“知觉体验”为 章法的动态空间布局设计手法，希望为道教 建筑空间与其他超越日常的精神空间的研 究提供启示。     

Trust and distrust on the web: User experiences and website characteristics

The aim of this research is to study the content of trustful and distrustful user experiences on the web to identify website characteristics that enhance trust or cause distrust. We collected users’ reports about critical incidents and quantitative questionnaire data by means of an online survey. Results from N = 221 participants suggest that distrust is mostly an effect of graphical (e.g., complex layout) and structural (e.g., pop-ups) design issues of a website, whereas trust is based on social factors such as reviews or recommendations by friends. The content of a website affects both trust and distrust: privacy issues had an effect on distrust and security signs enhanced trust. Furthermore, we show how trustful and distrustful user experiences differ in terms of perceived honesty, competence, and benevolence. High honesty and competence characterize a trustful experience, whereas a distrustful experience is associated with missing honesty and missing benevolence. We discuss how different website characteristics help to enhance trust or to prevent distrust and how this impacts the allocation of design resources.     

Predicting employee information security policy compliance on a daily basis: The interplay of security-related stress,emotions, and neutralization

We conceptualized security-related stress (SRS) and proposed a theoretical model linking SRS, discrete emotions, coping response, and information security policy (ISP) compliance. We used an experience sampling design, wherein 138 professionals completed surveys. We observed that SRS had a positive association with frustration and fatigue, and these negative emotions were associated with neutralization of ISP violations. Additionally, frustration and fatigue make employees more likely to follow through on their rationalizations of ISP violations by decreased ISP compliance. Our findings provide evidence that neutralization is not a completely stable phenomenon but can vary within individuals from one time point to another.     

On the epidemic of food waste: Idealized prototypes and the aversion to misshapen fruits and vegetables

Food waste is a significant problem and consumers’ tendency to reject misshapen produce has been identified as a key contributing factor. The current work investigates the implications of consumers incorporating aesthetic beauty into their prototypes—mental renderings—of fruits and vegetables. It is proposed that consumers have idealized prototypes for produce and this impacts the aversion to misshapen produce. The authors draw on prototype theory to predict that consumers’ personal experiences will influence the extent to which their prototypes for these foods have been biased towards aesthetic beauty and, consequently, how they respond to produce that is misshapen. Across three studies, the authors demonstrate that consumers who have direct experience with produce cultivation view produce that is low in aesthetic beauty as more prototypical, less disgusting, and more desirable. This work contributes to the food waste literature by offering novel insights into the psychological basis of the aversion to misshapen produce. These findings also present important implications for food policy.     

Affective Experience Measurement in Outdoor Environment via Machine Visual Cognition

Outdoor environments with quality landscapes can benefit people’s physical and mental health. Real-time assessment on individuals’ environmental affective experience can improve the scientism in measuring the quality of outdoor environments. Existing measurement methods are often insufficient for the cases of a larger site area or sample size. The machine visual cognition of Artificial Intelligence can realize the recognition of facial expressions and the changes in video images, which supports high-precision and long-cycle measurements on individuals’ affective experience in outdoor environments. Taking an urban community square as the study site, this research simultaneously collects participants’ facial data from video images and their electrodermal activity data, wherein Convolutional Neural Network algorithm model is trained with a deep learning algorithm, i.e. codec–SVM optimized model, whose reliability is tested through an additional experiment. The research reveals that: 1) The accuracy rate of the main and additional experiments in measuring individuals’ affective experience is 82.01% and 65.08%, respectively; 2) The additional experiment verifies the application potential of the codec–SVM optimized model; And 3) the model works more effective for outdoor scenarios with varying usage behaviors and open views. Therefore, machine visual cognition can be used for emotion measurement in a larger site area or sample size and contributes to the effectiveness of landscape optimization efforts, especially as an instrumental tool to study the affective experience of the ones who have communication or reading disability. The findings also demonstrate the model’s great potential in building Smart Cities with refined public services.     

空间线索的编排及其体验的艺术性——以上海松江方塔园为例

“今日环境已经变得支离破碎：彼此分离的住宅、树木、街区，像用一个手指在钢琴上弹奏一串相互无关的音符”，空间线索的目的是在于把景观环境中的“音符”用一种旋律与序列连续巧妙地联系在一起，成为一首有组织有意味的交响乐，让每一位使有者沉浸在一姐组动人的乐曲中。该丈以上海松江方塔因为倒探讨景观空间的线索编排及其体验的艺术性。     

虚空·流动·时间——立体主义之于建筑空间革命的诸多启示

立体主义,作为一个艺术运动,存在的时间虽然短暂(1907~1914),但是之于建筑的启示却异常深刻而宽泛。它所蕴涵的丰富形式激发了建筑的样态;其前卫的创作手法拓展了设计师的设计理念;尤其是对空间、时间的思辩为20世纪建筑空间的革命搭建了极其重要的桥梁,在解放空间、流通空间之余,又为时间的空间体验开拓了广阔的前景。     

园林艺术之美与家居环境的融合——杭州历届"花与家居生活"主题花园展的实践与体会

"花与家居生活"为主题的花园创作体现了园林艺术之美与家居环境的有机融合。以杭州历届"花与家居生活"主题花园展几个获奖作品为例,从"巧妙的立意、用材、借景,精心的布局、配置、养护,以及手法、材料、技术手段的创新"等方面着手,论述了现代家居花园营造的理念、手段和方法,倡导园林工作者适应日益更新的社会需求,将园林艺术更好地融入日常生活中。     

走进历史的深处 --千年长乐古桥抢救保护工程综述

该文详尽地介绍了南京市溧水县长乐桥兴建的历史背景,对照宋代《营造法式》分析了长乐桥建筑的形制,综述了太岳古建公司抢救性保护长乐桥施工的全过程,使长乐桥得以延年益寿、重现历史风采。     

谈卫生间设计

本文根据笔者参加安居、解困住宅设计体会,谈了对住宅卫生间面积标准及卫生间给排水设计中的有关问题,供参考。