Systematic packaging design tools integrating functional and environmental consequences on product life cycle: Case studies on laundry detergent and milk

This study presents systematic packaging design tools integrating functional and environmental consequences on product life cycle. To design packaging for sustainability, the trade-offs between functional and environmental aspects of packaging throughout the product life cycle should be considered. However, it is difficult for packaging designers to understand the overall trade-offs because the extent of the design consequences on the entire life cycle of packaging and its contents is unclear. We developed two tools for packaging design: the Life Cycle Association Matrix (LCAM) and the Function Network Diagram (FND). The following three steps, based on literature reviews and interviews with industrial experts, were applied. Firstly, we listed the product functions and design variables related to the functions as the attributes allocated to the product life cycle. Secondly, the attributes were connected appropriately based on causal relationships. Lastly, we identified the factors to support decision making in the packaging design procedure. As a result, the LCAM depicts the design consequences on the life cycle, and the FND determines the stakeholders affected by the design consequences. Two case studies were demonstrated to analyze the trade-offs by using our tools. In the case studies, a liquid laundry detergent bottle and a milk carton were redesigned. The tools identified the design consequences and stakeholders affected by the redesign of the usability and protective function for the detergent and milk cases, respectively. The results showed the significance of understanding the design consequences on the product life cycle by integrating the functional and environmental aspects.     

基于改进灰色白化权函数的电网企业节能改造服务效益评价

电网企业配售电业务随着改革发展形势的变化,面临更强的市场竞争,用户对更加多元化、便捷化的能源电力服务的需求也愈加迫切,增值服务对于电网企业具有重要意义。以电网企业发展节能改造服务为例,通过构建相应指标体系及量化评估模型,实现对电网企业节能改造服务效益的综合评价,为电网企业评估节能改造服务的效益潜力提供决策支撑。     

Engineering knowledge formalization and proposition for informatics development towards a CAD-integrated DfX system for product design

Target design methodologies (DfX) were developed to cope with specific engineering design issues such as cost-effectiveness, manufacturability, assemblability, maintainability, among others. However, DfX methodologies are undergoing the lack of real integration with 3D CAD systems. Their principles are currently applied downstream of the 3D modelling by following the well-known rules available from the literature and engineers’ know-how (tacit internal knowledge).This paper provides a method to formalize complex DfX engineering knowledge into explicit knowledge that can be reused for Advanced Engineering Informatics to aid designers and engineers in developing mechanical products. This research work wants to define a general method (ontology) able to couple DfX design guidelines (engineering knowledge) with geometrical product features of a product 3D model (engineering parametric data). A common layer for all DfX methods (horizontal) and dedicated layers for each DfX method (vertical) allow creating the suitable ontology for the systematic collection of the DfX rules considering each target. Moreover, the proposed framework is the first step for developing (future work) a software tool to assist engineers and designers during product development (3D CAD modelling).A design for assembly (DfA) case study shows how to collect assembly rules in the given framework. It demonstrates the applicability of the CAD-integrated DfX system in the mechanical design of a jig-crane. Several benefits are recognized: (i) systematic collection of DfA rules for informatics development, (ii) identification of assembly issues in the product development process, and (iii) reduction of effort and time during the design review.     

TY13型矿山牵引车的开发研制

介绍了TY13型矿山牵引车的基本性能、结构和主要技术参数及主要特点。     

C45100型液压机液压系统性能定性分析

定性地分析了Ｃ４５１００型液压机液压系统的工作性能；重点分析了承受工作负载较大、对压制成型起关键作用的慢下到保压段，侧重各工况流量、系统压力损失及热平衡分析。定量地分析计算了液压系统工作周期内的雷诺数。     

论塑造企业安全文化的途径

分析了安全文化的概念、功能，探讨了企业安全文化的塑造途径。     

变电站微机综合自动化系统的应用

科学技术的不断发展,变电站综合自动化系统取代传统的变电站二次系统,已成为电力系统的发展趋势。本文简要介绍了变电站综合自动化系统的重要性和发展趋势,介绍了变电站综合自动化基本概念,并对系统结构、通讯方式和基本功能及变电站自动化的发展前景进行了分析。     

隔断或引射风流型矿用空气幕理论模型分析

利用Matlab语言，借助计算机绘制了隔断风流或引射风流型空气幕有效压力数学模型三维效果图。在其三维坐标系中分析了其空气幕引射风量Q与风机台数n、空气幕出口风速V_c、安装空气幕巷道的通风阻力ΔH、巷道风阻R、空气幕出口断面积S_c等之间的变化规律。并对空气幕隔断风流和引射风流的特性进行了试验研究，为矿用空气幕的实际应用提供了可靠的理论与技术指导。     

I/O IMAGE系统先进功能的开发和应用

I／O IMAGE系统是美国I／O公司生产的新型遥测地震仪，本文作者结合野外地震勘探的实际情况，介绍了他们开发和利用该仪器先进功能，从而提高生产效率和采集质量的生产实践。     

规划咨询的作用和工作思路探讨——以“武汉市建设大道与新华下路交叉路口用地规划咨询”为例

规划咨询适应土地资产管理的需要,为规划管理提供决策依据,推动社会法制化发展。在“武汉市建设大道与新华下路交叉路口用地规划咨询”实践中,遵循宏观把握、微观处理,落实城市总体规划的原则,结合土地市场配置,达到经济效益与社会效益的完美结合。