Using laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (LA-ICP-MS) to determine the provenance of the cobalt pigment of Qinghua porcelain from Jingdezhen in Yuan Dynasty of China (1271–1368AD)

The provenance of cobalt mineral of the blue decoration in Yuan Qinghua porcelain would reveal the technological and cultural interaction between ancient China and the Islamic world. However, the limitation of conventional methods in the determining trace elements of the blue decoration hampered the deep research on provenance of the cobalt mineral. In the paper, we employed the good advantage of Laser-ablation-inductively-coupled-plasma-mass-spectroscopy (LA-ICP-MS) to determine the major element and trace elements of blue decoration of the different type of Qinghua successfully. The blue decoration of all different types of samples shared the same characteristics of higher FeO and lower Mn, which suggested the potter adopted the non-native cobalt material of China to paint the Yuan Qinghua in Jingdezheng, and the difference on the outside appearance of blue decoration of different samples were supposed to be related to the tenor of ore, the different treatment process of cobalt material and the firing process in the kiln. In addition, the significant differences on the element concentrations of Cu, Ni, Pb, Zr and Sb in the blue decoration between Yuan Qinghua and the Islamic blue and white wares of 13–14th century provided a new evidence to discuss the provenance of the cobalt of Yuan Qinghua porcelain.     

昌都—芒康盆地西北缘始新世煌斑岩岩石成因及其对构造环境的指示——岩石地球化学和锆石U-Pb年代学约束

煌斑岩是反映深部构造-岩浆作用和源区地球化学性质的良好地质体。本文对昌都—芒康盆地西北缘出露的煌斑岩脉进行系统研究,煌斑岩中锆石U-Pb同位素年龄通过LA-ICP-MS测定,得到其²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U加权平均年龄分别为（36.05±0.29）Ma、（35.89±0.32）Ma、（37.67±0.16）Ma,该年龄值基本代表岩体的岩浆结晶时代,据此将研究区煌斑岩脉体形成时代归属为始新世。地球化学分析表明,煌斑岩属于钙碱性弱钾质—钾质系列,具有大离子亲石元素和轻稀土元素富集,高场强元素和稀土元素亏损的成分特征。综合分析表明煌斑岩具有俯冲带幔源岩石的成分特征,属于“俯冲-隆升”模式下新生代构造岩浆演化碰撞晚期构造环境的岛弧岩浆岩。在始新世（35~37 Ma）澜沧江构造带与金沙江结合带之间的走滑深大断裂构造带发生的大规模水平错移,导致局部区域发生俯冲,上涌的软流圈亏损地幔加热了地壳物质,导致其部分熔融,形成煌斑岩。     

湘南宝山铜铅锌多金属矿床闪锌矿元素地球化学特征及其对成矿的制约

位于钦杭成矿带和南岭成矿带叠合部位的湘南地区是我国重要的W、Sn、Cu、Pb、Zn、Ag多金属矿集区,宝山Cu、Pb、Zn、Ag多金属矿床是湘南地区代表性的矿床。相比中部矽卡岩型矿体,西部和北部脉状矿体研究程度较低。本文拟通过电子探针(EPMA)和激光剥蚀电感耦合等离子体质谱(LA-ICP-MS)原位微区分析技术,对比研究矽卡岩型矿体和脉状矿体的微量元素赋存状态、成矿环境及矿床成因。分析结果显示,宝山矿区不同类型矿体中的闪锌矿均富含Fe、Mn和In,亏损Ga、Ge、Te和Tl等元素,Fe、Mn、Cd和In等元素主要以类质同象的形式赋存于闪锌矿中;矽卡岩型矿体形成于中—高温度环境,脉状矿体形成于中温环境。综合分析认为,宝山铜铅锌银矿床为形成于中—高温环境下的广义矽卡岩型矿床。值得注意的是,Cd含量达到了伴生工业品位的数百倍,具有很高的综合利用价值。     

辽宁毛家店石英脉型金矿赋矿岩体年代学及其地质意义

毛家店石英脉型金矿为冀东重要的金矿化类型。通过LA-ICP-MS定年方法,获取毛家店金矿赋矿岩体锆石U-Pb年龄为(223.3±2.0)Ma,其年龄与南东侧的都山岩体和柏杖子金矿花岗岩年龄在误差范围内是一致的,表明毛家店黑云母二长花岗岩与都山岩体为同一岩浆演化的产物。区域上,三叠纪岩浆岩的广泛分布,暗示它是一次重要的构造岩浆事件产物;岩体侵位时间暗示其形成的大地构造背景为后碰撞环境—板内伸展背景。     

粤东金坑锡铜多金属矿区花岗岩锆石U-Pb年龄和辉钼矿Re-Os年龄及其地质意义

广东揭西县金坑铜锡多金属矿床位于粤东地区西北部莲花山断裂带南西段,是粤东锡铜多金属成矿带近年来发现的一处中—大型铜锡铅锌多金属矿床。采用LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb法和辉钼矿Re-Os法对矿区与成矿有关的细粒花岗岩及与锡石共生的辉钼矿进行定年,获得该矿床成岩年龄为(141.0±0.3)Ma,辉钼矿Re-Os同位素年龄为(141.3±1.0)Ma,两者年龄接近,表明成岩成矿关系最为密切。并结合细粒花岗岩主微量元素分析结果表明细粒花岗岩具有高硅富碱特点,属于高分异的I型花岗岩,这种岩浆演化末端产物细粒花岗岩有利于成矿金属元素富集,为本区成矿提供巨量的物源与热源。结合成岩成矿年龄研究与主微量分析,初步认为成矿地质体为早白垩世细粒花岗岩,并探讨该矿床的成因及其成矿动力学背景。     

西藏南木林县阿木雄北花岗闪长岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄、岩石成因及构造意义

对冈底斯带中段阿木雄北花岗闪长岩进行LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年,主量和微量元素地球化学分析表明,花岗闪长岩的结晶年龄为61.8±1.2 Ma。花岗闪长岩为高钾钙碱性强过铝质花岗岩,Si O2含量为58.65%~73.5%,A/CNK值介于1.01~1.10之间,A/NK值介于1.34~2.19之间,稀土元素总量(∑REE)在99.96~201.42之间,在稀土元素配分模式图上,表现为倾斜下凹的浅"V"字型,轻、重稀土分馏明显;在微量元素蛛网图上,表现出相对富集Rb、Th、La、Pr、Hf、Nd、Dy,而亏损Ta、Nb、Ce、P、Zr、Ti的特征。花岗闪长岩显示出壳幔混源的特性,母源岩浆来自地幔,而后经AFC过程所形成的分异型I花岗岩,新特提斯洋板片回撤是其形成的深部地球动力学背景。     

A Clearance Period after Soluble Lead Nanoparticle Inhalation Did Not Ameliorate the Negative Effects on Target Tissues Due to Decreased Immune Response

The inhalation of metal (including lead) nanoparticles poses a real health issue to people and animals living in polluted and/or industrial areas. In this study, we exposed mice to lead(II) nitrate nanoparticles [Pb(NO₃)₂ NPs], which represent a highly soluble form of lead, by inhalation. We aimed to uncover the effects of their exposure on individual target organs and to reveal potential variability in the lead clearance. We examined (i) lead biodistribution in target organs using laser ablation and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) and atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS), (ii) lead effect on histopathological changes and immune cells response in secondary target organs and (iii) the clearance ability of target organs. In the lungs and liver, Pb(NO₃)₂ NP inhalation induced serious structural changes and their damage was present even after a 5-week clearance period despite the lead having been almost completely eliminated from the tissues. The numbers of macrophages significantly decreased after 11-week Pb(NO₃)₂ NP inhalation; conversely, abundance of alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA)-positive cells, which are responsible for augmented collagen production, increased in both tissues. Moreover, the expression of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) and selected cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFβ1), interleukin 6(IL-6), IL-1α and IL-1β , displayed a tissue-specific response to lead exposure. In summary, diminished inflammatory response in tissues after Pb(NO₃)₂ NPs inhalation was associated with prolonged negative effect of lead on tissues, as demonstrated by sustained pathological changes in target organs, even after long clearance period.     

LA-ICP-MS微区分析及其在金矿床研究中的应用

随着分析技术的飞速发展,从而使地质学研究逐渐由定性描述向数据定量评价转化。但多数地质分析测试技术对某些含量很低或比较特殊的样品分析时仍存在不足或不能满足研究目的;然而,激光剥蚀电感耦合等离子体质谱(LA-ICP-MS)微区分析技术可以实时、快速、高灵敏度、高分辨率及多元素同时测定,并可提供同位素比值信息而使上述问题得以解决。近年来,LAICP-MS分析技术在金矿中的应用,对准确厘定金矿床的成矿时代,探讨成矿物质来源、了解矿床的成矿机制及正确认识矿床的成因等方面具有重要意义。     

Otolith microchemistry shows natal philopatry of walleye in western Lake Erie

Natal philopatry is important to the structure of fish populations because it can lead to local adaptations among component stocks of a mixed population, reducing the risk of recruitment failure. By contrast, straying between component stocks may bolster declining populations or allow for colonization of new habitat. To examine rates of natal philopatry and straying among western Lake Erie walleye (Sander vitreus) stocks, we used the concentration of strontium [Sr] in otolith cores to determine the natal origin of adults captured at three major spawning sites: the Sandusky (n = 62) and Maumee (n = 55) rivers and the Ohio reef complex (n = 50) during the 2012–2013 spawning seasons. Mean otolith core [Sr] was consistently and significantly higher for individuals captured in the Sandusky River than for those captured in the Maumee River or Ohio reef complex. Although logistic regression indicates that no individuals with a Maumee River or Ohio reef complex origin were captured in the Sandusky River, quadratic discriminant analysis suggests low rates of straying of fish between the Maumee and Sandusky rivers. Our results suggest little straying and high rates of natal philopatry in the Sandusky River walleye stock. Similar rates of natal philopatry may also exist across western Lake Erie walleye stocks, demonstrating a need for stock-specific management.     

Tree-ring elemental concentrations in oak do not necessarily passively record changes in bioavailability

Elemental concentrations in tree-rings from red and white oak trees at six sites across Southern Ontario, Canada, were assessed to determine whether they passively record changes in geochemical cycling in the presence of environmental stress. Periods of stress were defined as sustained periods with elevated delta(13)C values in tree-rings relative to atmospheric CO(2) during the same period. In some trees, nutrient concentrations (Ca, Mg, Mn) were erratic during historic periods of stress while chemically similar non-nutrients (Ba, Sr) and the anthropogenic pollutant Pb were not. Tree-ring concentrations of Ca and Sr were related to bedrock type and leachable concentrations in the soil. In contrast, tree-ring concentrations of Mg were not related to bedrock type, although Mg concentration in the soil leachate was. Tree-ring Mn, Ba and Pb concentrations were not related to bedrock type or soil concentrations, but were inversely related to soil pH. Erratic behavior of nutrient elements during historic periods of stress suggests that some nutrient concentrations in the environment were not always passively recorded by tree-rings.