Sizing of multi-stage Op Amps by combining design equations with the gm/ID method

Analog integrated circuit design has as integral parts both analytical reasoning and numerical validation in the process from topology construction to sizing. Given a circuit topology, different circuit sizing results can be obtained from different processes of sizing inference. Sizing methods by simulation-based numerical searching have been a continuously studied subject. However, almost all approaches in this category require an overwhelming number of circuit simulations to arrive at an optimized sizing result. On the other hand, many published manual sizing methods by using the conventional device equations also require repeated SPICE simulations to correct the equation-based sizing results. This paper proposes a systematic gm/ID-based initial sizing method specifically customized for designing multiple-stage operational amplifiers (Op Amps). A main feature of the proposal is to use circuit-level design equations as constraints on the gm/ID table lookup method to substantially reduce the uncertainty in the sizing calculations. As a result, a significant amount of SPICE based correction work can be reduced to complete an initial sizing. The proposed sizing procedure includes a few regular sizing rules customized to the configuration of multi-stage Op Amps. We validate the proposed sizing method by application to several multi-stage Op Amp examples with a capacitive load or Miller compensation. Simulations have justified that the produced initial sizing results can achieve most of the prespecified design targets.     

循证之证与康复之途*—— CCRC社区中的康复花园循证设计探索

疫情下医养机构封闭化管理已经步入 常态化，老年居民的心理健康受到了抑郁、焦虑 等问题的挑战。康复花园作为养老社区中重要 的心理生理康复空间，需以循证设计为原则， 为新形势下的养老社区提供切实可行的康复空 间。本文以西南地区某持续照护型（CCRC）养 老社区项目实践为载体，梳理阐述循证设计在 康复花园中完整的运用实践路径，总结我国循 证设计流程模型，为风景园林的循证实践提供 全链条式的解析和验证。本文尝试提出基于系 统医学评估指标的证据收集创新体系，为康复 花园循证设计提供运用实例，对康复花园的康 复绩效提出基于证据的定量评估模式。     

践行社会责任开展线上公益主题海报设计教育实践——苏州大学师生抗击疫情公益海报创作纪实

从践行社会责任的设计教育工作人才培养目标出发,在疫情期间,组织学生,深入了解社会生活的工艺诉求,通过线上线下的教学模式,指导学生创作抗击疫情公益海报。这种融入网络远程教学与实践教育的活动,不仅提升了学生的社会责任感,激活了假期课堂模式,而且提升了学生设计实践能力,实现了“立德树人”的人才培养目标。     

Design optimization of semiconductor piezoresistors with Schottky diode contacts

A modeling theory is developed to predict the performance of piezoresistors which incorporate Schottky diode electrical contacts. This new theory allows the design of high performance gauges which can be fabricated using Non-Lithographically-Based Microfabrication (NLBM) techniques. These semiconductor piezoresistors can be designed in customizable sizes and fabricated in parallel in order to integrate position sensing into MEMS flexural positioners. Customizable sensing for nanopositioning platforms will enable advances in a range of nano-scale fabrication and metrology applications. A semiconductor piezoresistor with Schottky diode contacts was fabricated and attached to a titanium flexure. This device is shown to match predicted electrical performance within about 8% and to show a gauge factor of 116, within 2% of the predicted value. Optimized performance limits for Schottky diode semiconductor piezoresistors are identified to be about 127 dB full noise dynamic range for a quarter bridge over a 10 kHz sensor bandwidth on a 600 μm width titanium flexure, making them ideal for sensing on meso-/micro-scale flexural positioners. Methods are suggested for achieving the performance limits indicated above and the impact of these methods on the sensor dynamic range are studied.     

环境设计专业学习空间设计探析--以教室改造的参与式设计为例

学习空间的设计必须基于教育理念、学习模式、技术设施与精神氛围等因素展开,以更开放、灵活及多样化的有趣形态来吸引使用者。对于已掌握基本设计方法并具有一定设计思维的环境设计专业学生而言,设计与自身学习行为关联的学习空间,能体现"参与式设计"的特殊意义:即一方面以有着直观体验感受的熟悉空间作为训练案例来有效地整合设计能力;另一方面则通过用户与设计者身份的叠加,从使用者体验一维到对空间发展的专业预设考虑一维共同实现学习空间设计理念的更新。     

Patient involvement in Danish hospital design

This paper examines patient-involvement in the process used to design new hospitals. Denmark is in the midst of a phase of hospital building. This recent experience is studied by means of expert interviews with senior practitioners involved in three projects. Examined thematically, the data covers the structure of the design process, identification and ranking of stakeholders, the methods of user-involvement and approaches to accessibility. The paper adds new insight on an under-studied area, design for hospitals and makes recommendations for a change of approach to user-participation in their design. It highlights the difficulties in applying the methods of user-centred design and Design for All in large projects.     

百万千瓦级核电站轴封型主泵整机集成试验验证优化方案研究

为确保主泵的安全性和可靠性，主泵整机在完成集成设计后需通过试验进行验证。文中介绍了主泵设计与验证的总体思路，提出了主泵工程样机需开展的整机试验项目。基于已有的试验条件，进行了主泵整机集成试验验证方案的优化和可行性分析。分析结果表明，在充分开展主泵各模块、子模块、部件和材料的试验与分析的基础上，可采用小流量试验方案进行主泵整机集成试验验证。      

Progress of Air Pollution Control in China and Its Challenges and Opportunities in the Ecological Civilization Era

China’s past economic growth has substantially relied on fossil fuels, causing serious air pollution issues. Decoupling economic growth and pollution has become the focus in developing ecological civilization in China. We have analyzed the three-decade progress of air pollution controls in China, highlighting a strategic transformation from emission control toward air quality management. Emission control of sulfur dioxide (SO₂) resolved the deteriorating acid rain issue in China in 2007. Since 2013, control actions on multiple precursors and sectors have targeted the reduction of the concentration of fine particulate matter (PM_2.5), marking a transition to an air-quality-oriented strategy. Increasing ozone (O₃) pollution further requires O₃ and PM_2.5 integrated control strategies with an emphasis on their complex photochemical interactions. Fundamental improvement of air quality in China, as a key indicator for the success of ecological civilization construction, demands the deep de-carbonization of China’s energy system as well as more synergistic pathways to address air pollution and global climate change simultaneously.     

垂直冲击试验机的研制

为满足简便检测塑料产品抗冲击强度的需求,研制了垂直冲击试验机。对垂直冲击试验机的结构进行了设计,基于力学原理进行了受力计算,并对工作原理与相对基准设定问题进行了分析。介绍了垂直冲击试验机的操作方法,并进行了规格校验。