高迪的遗产——加泰罗尼亚地区建筑实践中的地景共识

本文以安东尼·高迪在古埃尔公园与古埃尔礼拜堂中处理场地的方式为出发点,通过对当代加泰罗尼亚建筑师爱德华·布鲁、恩瑞克·米拉莱斯、卡洛斯·费拉特尔、约瑟夫·里纳斯等人作品的分析,引出加泰罗尼亚建筑师在如何处理建筑与场地环境方式上的一种共识性态度,即在加泰罗尼亚,建筑师多以场地信息作为关键因素切入设计,最终的作品同场地和谐共融。这种不同于元素借用或者是材料肌理延续的方式在文章中被定义称为"地景式建筑"。     

山岳宫观园林分布与风水“大聚局”的相关性研究 ——以胶东半岛为例

胶东半岛三面环海，群山遍布，为道家思想的重要发源地。沿海的气候特征和特殊的海洋气象，使半岛山岳成为修建宫观园林的佳地。宫观园林在各山体并非平均分布，而是以昆嵛山、崂山为中心，呈局部聚集、整体散点的布局模式。将风水堪舆理论的寻龙、察砂、观水转译为“高峰”“山环”“水系”，运用地理信息系统，以此 3 项指标分别对半岛各山脉的风水景观格局进行分析。发现宫观园林的分布与山岳风水“大聚局”紧密相关，符合“大聚局”尺度下的理想景观格局的山脉宫观园林分布较多，反之则少。研究发掘了宏观尺度下胶东半岛山岳宫观园林分布与风水理论之间的关系，可为其他地区宫观园林选址的研究提供借鉴。     

From Flood Land to New Urban Area: Water Adaptation History and Visions for Daodi Flood Land in the West of Beijing

Daodi Flood Land, located in Mentougou District of Beijing, is a relatively separate flood land in the lower reaches and on the east of Yonding River. This largest landscape character area in the west of Beijing along the river illustrates the history of human–water interaction and discloses the trends and problems of rural urbanization. Focusing on Daodi Flood Land, this paper expands the research on adaptation by introducing basic concepts and research framework, and reviews the research trends from spatial, temporal, and participant aspects. Considering the typical characters of the study area, this research employed participatory approaches, such as mapping and problem and solution trees, due to the lack of continuous and accurate data. Basing on literature review and field investigation on issues of floods, agricultural irrigation, and water resource utilization, water adaptive development visions for the study area were proposed from perspectives of landscape and culture. Finally, the paper further analyzes the structural relations between adaptation problems, natural and social systems, passive and active adaptations, and planned and unplanned adaptations, with the aim to provide reference for relevant studies and applications of adaptation approaches in other cases.     

Structural Characteristics and Contemporary Value of Traditional Water Cultural Landscapes in Huizhou Region

Water culture is one of the key issues in Water Ecological Civilization. China’s traditional water cultural landscape embodies rich water cultures, and have a significance in related research and protection practice. This paper proposes the concept of “water cultural landscape,” that is, the landscape formed through humans’ environmental alteration during water activities—including how people use, transform, and manage it. The traditional water cultural landscapes in Huizhou Region have developed over hundreds of years, reflecting the locals’ wisdom in sustainable water use. The water cultural landscape in Huizhou Region should be interpreted as a systematic notion, in which all landscape elements such as ponds, weirs, and shuikous are interdependent, composing the landscape components e.g. valleys, hills, and basins, and establishing water security patterns for cities, towns, villages, and for production. The traditional water cultural landscape in Huizhou Region requires local generations’ long-term maintenance and management, and in turn it is also vital to Huizhou people's life and Huizhou culture. Today, it acts as an ecological infrastructure for sponge countryside and sponge city construction, and an important resource for heritage protection and tourism development.     

新课改背景下高校艺术设计专业风景写生实践教学策略

新课程改革背景下,实践教学是高校课程中不可或缺的环节。"风景写生"作为高校艺术设计专业实践教学的重要组成部分,其意义在于使学生深入生活,积累设计素材,提升手绘实践技能,提高知识应用转化能力,从而构建全面艺术素养。文章立足教学实际、结合当前高校风景写生课程整体开展状况,本着实事求是的研究态度对风景写生实践教学组织与管理进行系统化梳理,探讨"风景写生"实践教学问题与对策,力求形成一篇较为全面的实践教学理论文案。     

基于3S的矿区景观格局演变研究——以冷水江市闪星锡矿山为例

针对当前矿区景观格局演变规律研究的不足,选择八个指标对研究区景观格局特征变化进行对比分析,采用FRAGSTATS计算景观格局指数,通过对2005~2015年3个时期的分类数据集进行比较来分析研究区景观格局的变化特征。研究结果表明:研究区景观格局最佳分析粒度为20m;2005~2010年,矿区扩张开发导致耕地、草地和林地景观斑块破碎化程度加剧,矿区整体景观格局呈破碎化和复杂化的变化趋势;2010~2015年,由于矿区生态环境治理工作的开展,受损的耕地、草地和林地景观得到恢复,矿区整体景观格局水平朝规则化和均衡化的趋势发展。     

Estimation of water balance over catchment areas taking into account the heterogeneity of their landscape conditions

The landscape conditions for forming the water balance and runoff from catchment areas can change considerably under the pressure of natural and anthropogenic factors. The role of hydromorphic transformation of landscapes is important for most of the Ob basin; it results in the paludification of the area. The specific parameter n is used in calculating water balance according to Mezentsev’s method of hydro-climatic calculations to take account of landscape conditions. We suggest determining this parameter’s value by geomorphological features of the landscapes using GIS tools.     

Terrain-Specific: Contemporary Landscape Architecture in Canada

The Canadian landscape has typically captured a global imaginary of a pristine wild, but how might its urban designed landscapes be distinctly understood? Foregrounded by the landscape transformations accelerated by climate change, the book Innate Terrain: Canadian Landscape Architecture, edited by Professor Alissa North from the University of Toronto, highlights landscape architecture projects situated on the unique Canadian terrain. Providing further provocation on Canadian landscape architecture, Innate Terrain seeks to fill the literary gap on contemporary landscape perspectives, distinguishing Canadian landscape architecture from global practice, and particularly, its well-documented American counterpart. Landscape architecture in the Canadian context has evolved and established its own distinct identity, one imbued with national and local sensitivities. Informed by diverse environmental and cultural contexts, Canadian-designed landscapes reflect and refer to the prevailing ecosystems of Canada’s innate terrain. Contrary to the preceding International Style, landscape architecture projects in Canada have adopted the ethos of Critical Regionalism in the second half of the 20th century. Contemporary Canadian practitioners are designing landscapes that are deeply informed by their surrounding geographical context while emphasizing cultural specificity. Central to this cultural specificity, addressed by a new generation of landscape architects, is the increasing recognition of Indigenous Traditional Knowledge within the discipline. Canadian landscape architects have collaborated with First Nations, Inuit, and Métis communities, including the keepers of this knowledge, to develop land management strategies and design landscape interventions.     

基于宜兴彩陶山水图案的女式针织衫设计

对宜兴彩陶装饰艺术中典型的山水图案进行分析,阐述宜兴彩陶山水图案的文化内涵。分析宜兴彩陶山水图案的审美特征,包括浓淡有序的色彩层次、抽象凝练的造型肌理、形饰一体的结构布局。以各类针织纱线为原料,采用岛精电脑横机,对女式针织衫进行款式、图案及组织结构设计。详细介绍基于宜兴彩陶山水图案元素的女式针织衫色彩、款式、图案和肌理设计应用实例。该研究为女式针织衫的设计提供了新的思路,为中国传统装饰艺术元素在服饰品中的跨界设计提供了理论与实践参考。     

Cultivated Wildness: Technodiversity and Wildness in Machines

This paper investigates the idea of cultivated wildness at the intersection of landscape design and artificial intelligence. The paper posits that contemporary landscape practices should overcome the potentially single understanding on wilderness, and instead explore landscape strategies to cultivate new forms of wild places via ideas and concerns in contemporary Environmental Humanities, Science and Technology Studies, Ecological Sciences, and Landscape Architecture. Drawing cases in environmental engineering, computer science, and landscape architecture research, this paper explores a framework to construct wild places with intelligent machines. In this framework, machines are not understood a layer of “digital infrastructure” that is used to extent localized human intelligence and agency. Rather machines are conceptualized as active agents who can participate in the intelligence of co-production. Recent developments in cybernetic technologies such as sensing networks, artificial intelligence, and cyberphysical systems can also contribute to establishing the framework. At the heart of this framework is “technodiversity,” in parallel with biodiversity, since a singular vision on technological development driven by optimization and efficiency reinforces a monocultural approach that eliminates other possible relationships to construct with the environment. Thus, cultivated wildness is also about recognizing “wildness” in machines.