基于归一化水体指数及其阈值自适应算法的水体遥感反演效果分析

归一化水体指数（NDWI）是水体遥感反演的一种重要指标，其阈值及修正直接影响反演结果的精度。基于Landsat-8与GF-1光学多光谱影像，使用归一化水体指数法阈值0（TH₀）、最大类间方差法（OTSU）自适应阈值（TH_otsu）与均值漂移聚类算法（Mean-Shift）自适应阈值（TH_MS）分别对典型正常水体、云雾覆盖水体、富营养化水体、高含泥沙水体进行水体遥感提取与效果分析，结果表明：正常水体以TH₀为阈值提取精度最高，THMS提取精度次之，TH_otsu提取精度最差；而云雾覆盖水体、富营养化水体以及含泥沙水体使用THMS提取精度最高，尤其少量云雾覆盖下的水体，TH_MS具有更明显的优势，TH₀提取精度次之，TH_otsu提取精度最差；对于不同的阈值，Land?sat-8比GF-1总体表现出更高的水体提取精度。Mean-Shift算法应用于NDWI阈值修正与水体遥感反演具有快速、水质适应性强、效果稳定的优势，对尤其是复杂条件下的水体信息遥感反演具有较好的提取效果。     

新时代背景下电力精准扶贫模式研究及建议

发挥电力行业优势特点,开展电力精准扶贫,对打赢脱贫攻坚战具有十分重要的作用,并能够助推脱贫攻坚与乡村振兴战略有效衔接.本文从电力扶贫在脱贫攻坚的重要作用出发,以“三聚焦”“三优先”“三模式”“三保障”为指引,详尽梳理并总结了电力精准扶贫主要模式和经验.在此基础上,深刻剖析了当前电力扶贫面临的困难及问题,提出电力精准扶贫的策略,以期为下一步开展电力精准扶贫提供参考与借鉴.     

AHP FUZZY在残采工程方案优选中的应用

为探讨太白金矿回收原采场边部残余低品位矿体的方案，通过层次分析法（AHP）与模糊数学（FUZZY）理论，选取对残采工程影响较大的9个因素，建立优选模型。运用层次分析法确定了各评价指标的权重；采用模糊数学法分析计算各采矿方法的定性、定量指标，分别得到各评价指标的隶属度。最终计算出3种工程布置方案的综合优选度分别为68.1%、69.3%、58.1%，从而沿矿体走向双进路布置确定为最优开采方案。实践表明，采用该模型优选的工程布置方案具有一定的科学性、合理性，值得借鉴与推广。     

Dual-PISA: An index for aggregation operations on time series data

Aggregation operations play an essential role in time series database management. As the number of data increases, it is difficult for current solutions, such as summary table and MapReduce-based methods to respond to such queries with low latency. Other approaches, such as segment tree-based methods, have a poor insertion performance when the data size exceeds the available memory. This paper proposes a Persistent Index for Segmented Aggregations (PISA), which has fast insertion performance and low latency for aggregation queries. PISA uses a forest to overcome the performance disadvantage of insertion in traditional segment trees. By defining two kinds of tags, namely code number and serial number, we propose an algorithm to accelerate queries by avoiding unnecessary reading data on disk. Additionally, we extend it to Dual-PISA to tolerate a range of unordered data, which is very important in the real world. Dual-PISA is stored on disk and is hugely memory-efficient — only takes a few hundred bytes of memory for billions of data points. Dual-PISA can be easily implemented on both traditional databases and NoSQL systems. It handles aggregation queries within milliseconds on a commodity server, for a time range that contains tens of billions of data points.     

高迪的遗产——加泰罗尼亚地区建筑实践中的地景共识

本文以安东尼·高迪在古埃尔公园与古埃尔礼拜堂中处理场地的方式为出发点,通过对当代加泰罗尼亚建筑师爱德华·布鲁、恩瑞克·米拉莱斯、卡洛斯·费拉特尔、约瑟夫·里纳斯等人作品的分析,引出加泰罗尼亚建筑师在如何处理建筑与场地环境方式上的一种共识性态度,即在加泰罗尼亚,建筑师多以场地信息作为关键因素切入设计,最终的作品同场地和谐共融。这种不同于元素借用或者是材料肌理延续的方式在文章中被定义称为"地景式建筑"。     

Elastic instabilities,microstructure transformations,and pattern formations in soft materials

Large deformations of soft materials can give rise to the development of various elastic instabilities. The phenomenon is associated with a sudden and dramatic change in structure morphologies. The underlying mechanism is crucial for the formation of complex morphologies in biology. Moreover, the concept of instability-induced pattern transformations is promising for designing novel materials with switchable functions and properties. In this paper, we review the state of the art in elastic instability phenomena in soft materials. We start by considering the classical buckling in beam-based structure lattice designs. Then, we discuss the instability-induced microstructure transformations in soft porous materials, and heterogeneous multiphase and fiber composites. Next, the mechanisms – often involving the post-buckling consideration – leading to the wrinkling and folding, creasing, fringe, and fingering are discussed.     

From Flood Land to New Urban Area: Water Adaptation History and Visions for Daodi Flood Land in the West of Beijing

Daodi Flood Land, located in Mentougou District of Beijing, is a relatively separate flood land in the lower reaches and on the east of Yonding River. This largest landscape character area in the west of Beijing along the river illustrates the history of human–water interaction and discloses the trends and problems of rural urbanization. Focusing on Daodi Flood Land, this paper expands the research on adaptation by introducing basic concepts and research framework, and reviews the research trends from spatial, temporal, and participant aspects. Considering the typical characters of the study area, this research employed participatory approaches, such as mapping and problem and solution trees, due to the lack of continuous and accurate data. Basing on literature review and field investigation on issues of floods, agricultural irrigation, and water resource utilization, water adaptive development visions for the study area were proposed from perspectives of landscape and culture. Finally, the paper further analyzes the structural relations between adaptation problems, natural and social systems, passive and active adaptations, and planned and unplanned adaptations, with the aim to provide reference for relevant studies and applications of adaptation approaches in other cases.     

Structural Characteristics and Contemporary Value of Traditional Water Cultural Landscapes in Huizhou Region

Water culture is one of the key issues in Water Ecological Civilization. China’s traditional water cultural landscape embodies rich water cultures, and have a significance in related research and protection practice. This paper proposes the concept of “water cultural landscape,” that is, the landscape formed through humans’ environmental alteration during water activities—including how people use, transform, and manage it. The traditional water cultural landscapes in Huizhou Region have developed over hundreds of years, reflecting the locals’ wisdom in sustainable water use. The water cultural landscape in Huizhou Region should be interpreted as a systematic notion, in which all landscape elements such as ponds, weirs, and shuikous are interdependent, composing the landscape components e.g. valleys, hills, and basins, and establishing water security patterns for cities, towns, villages, and for production. The traditional water cultural landscape in Huizhou Region requires local generations’ long-term maintenance and management, and in turn it is also vital to Huizhou people's life and Huizhou culture. Today, it acts as an ecological infrastructure for sponge countryside and sponge city construction, and an important resource for heritage protection and tourism development.     

加权信息熵与增强局部二值模式结合的人脸识别

针对人脸识别因光照、姿态、表情、遮挡及噪声等多种因素的影响而导致的识别率不高的问题，提出一种加权信息熵（IEw）与自适应阈值环形局部二值模式（ATRLBP）算子相结合的人脸识别方法（IE （w） ATR-LBP）。首先，从原始人脸图像分块提取信息熵，得到每个子块的IEw；然后，利用ATRLBP算子分别对每个人脸子块提取特征从而得到概率直方图；最后，将各个块的IEw与概率直方图相乘，再串联成为原始人脸图像最后的特征直方图，并利用支持向量机（SVM）对人脸进行识别。在AR人脸库的表情、光照、遮挡A和遮挡B四个数据集上，IE （w） ATR-LBP方法分别取得了98.37%、94.17%、98.20%和99.34%的识别率。在ORL人脸库上，IE （w） ATR-LBP方法的最大识别率为99.85%；而且在ORL人脸库5次不同训练样本的实验中，与无噪声时相比，加入高斯和椒盐噪声后的平均识别率分别下降了14.04和2.95个百分点。实验结果表明，IE （w） ATR-LBP方法能够有效提高人脸在受光照、姿态、遮挡等影响时的识别率，尤其是存在表情变化及脉冲类噪声干扰时的识别率。