远借造景在城市山林景观中的应用 研究——以杭州玉皇山为例

“借景”是中国传统园林的重要理景手法，其在景 物选择、景观营造、意境烘托等方面均受中国传统美学价值 观的浸染。“远”本义为一种空间距离，受道家无为思想等影 响，逐步演变为一种审美意境。伴随着中国古典美学发展与古 代山水审美活动的兴起，远借造景成为景观与“远”结合的产 物。通过总结远借的美学思想和造景手法，分析远借造景与山 林景观营造的天然耦合性，概括其在城市山林景观设计中的延 续与发展方式。以杭州玉皇山为例，分析其远借空间结构的特 质与现状矛盾，运用“梳、移、补、添”的景观生态设计途径 优化其远借透景线，并总结玉皇山远借造景理法：山水为先、 内因外借、激发审美联想。以期为西湖山水保护利用提供借 鉴，为现代城市山林景观设计提供参考     

城镇群建构分析与实例

在分析城镇群组织的知识背景与国情特点及都市区组织的基本原理基础上 ,提出了温台地域城镇群建构的发展策略与总体方案。     

黄山旅游地域空间研究

通过构建旅游地系统模型分析黄山旅游地域空间发展演变的历程 ,揭示黄山一级旅游地系统和次级旅游地系统在吸引物开发、旅游社区建设、通道建设和旅游管理方面存在的问题。提出了如下发展建议 :通过构建和完善黄山市旅游空间发展结构来指导旅游开发和城镇体系建设 ;改变地域分割 ,条块分割的旅游管理模式 ,建立能够管理和引导整个市域旅游发展的协调机构     

改进的“三图法”在煤矿顶板水害评价中的应用——以东胜煤田台格庙勘查区为例

通过建立台格庙勘查区首采煤层冒裂安全性分区图和煤层顶板含水层富水性分区图,来对煤层顶板的含水层涌(突)水条件进行评价。针对勘查区煤层厚度变化大、顶板无稳定隔水层,顶板含水层富水性较弱的特点,在传统的“三图法”基础上,充分考虑了含水层的富水性和导水裂缝带发育高度这两个因素,选用导水裂缝带高度与含水层厚度的百分比来表示导水裂缝带发育高度对含水层涌(突)水的影响,在此基础上对首采煤层顶板含水层涌(突)水条件进行综合分区评价。四井田中部及二井田北部地区涌(突)水危险性为较危险区,三井田北部、五井田南部及勘查区南部局部地区涌(突)水危险性为过渡区,其他地段为安全区、较安全区。针对顶板充水含水层涌(突)水条件综合分区,提出了疏放水、注浆、监测等防治水措施建议。     

Distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in snow of Mount Nanshan,Xinjiang

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) in snow samples collected from Mount Nanshan (Xinjiang, China) was investigated for eight stations. Fourteen PAHs were detected in these samples. The total PAH concentration ranged from 70.15 ng/L to 155.67 ng/L, with an average of 113.02 ng/L. Human carcinogens, such as fluoranthene, chrysene, benzo(a)pyrene, dibenzo(a,h)anthracene, indeno(1,2,3‐cd)pyrene and benzo(ghi)perylene in snow were assessed based on risk quotient. Preliminary assessment showed that these PAHs posed a moderate risk. Component analysis showed that the PAHs found in the snow samples were mainly three‐ring PAHs, which comprised 34.51–90.81% of the total PAHs. Phenanthrene, fluorene and anthracene accounted for 35.08, 11.90 and 11.13% of the total PAHs, respectively. The ΣPAH content increased with the increasing altitude, and the highest concentration of 155.67 ng/L was observed in snow samples from the N7 station, which was located near the top of the mountain. This high PAH concentration in N7 was possibly due to more frequent human activities in the area and long‐distance transportation of PAHs. Isomer ratios were used to determine the possible sources of PAHs in the samples. The results indicate that coal and biomass combustion made a larger contribution than emissions from petroleum consumption. It is therefore of utmost importance to develop new fuels taking the place of coal and to achieve as complete as possible for the burning of carbon‐containing materials.     

我国绿洲地区城乡空间组织模式-以新疆玛纳斯县为例

绿洲是荒漠地区的精华地段,也是重要的生态功能区、农牧业区和城乡人口集聚区,因此探索建立符合绿洲自身特征的城乡空间组织模式,对于推进绿洲地区的健康、可持续发展显得尤为重要和紧迫。研究以新疆玛纳斯县为例,分析了天山北麓绿洲地区城乡关系的特殊性,基于该地区的绿洲生态本底条件,提出了4种符合绿洲地区的城乡空间组织模式：城镇集聚模式、农业引导统筹模式、牧业引导统筹模式和生态保护模式,以期为绿洲地区新型城镇化理论研究提供支持。     

大型浅水湖泊水环境容量计算研究

针对大型浅水湖泊受风场影响显著的特点,提出考虑风向风速联合频率订正及污染带控制的水环境容量计算方法;以太湖为例,建立了二维非稳态水量水质数学模型。结合该区域的水文特征和实测的数据,对流场和浓度场进行了模拟和对比,并计算了太湖的水环境容量。结果表明：采用二维非稳态水量水质数学模型得到的太湖流场、浓度场计算值与实测值均相差不大,太湖水环境容量COD为132727 t.a-1,总磷为545t.a-1,总氮为7700t.a-1。该方法运用风向风速联合频率综合体现了风场对太湖湖流的形成及流态的作用以及对水环境容量的影响。     

Application of the Stream Evolution Model to a Volcanically Disturbed River: The North Fork Toutle River,Washington State,USA

In this study, a recently revised version of the channel evolution model, named the Stream Evolution Model (SEM), was applied to the upper North Fork Toutle River disrupted by the deposition of a 2.5‐km³ debris avalanche during the catastrophic eruption of Mount St. Helens in 1980. The results show that, in the first few years following the eruption, upstream channel reaches generally incised, evolving in SEM Stage 4 (i.e. degradation and widening), while downstream reaches aggraded, evolving in Stage 5 (i.e. aggradation and widening). However, starting in the late‐1980s, this simple pattern was disrupted by incision in the downstream reaches, which seemed to propagate upstream. Since the 1990s, lateral channel adjustments have become predominant as rates of vertical adjustment have slowed and river valley top widths relaxed to asymptotic values. Spatial and temporal sequences of channel evolution have tended to follow the sequences of stages expected according to the SEM, although these sequences have been frequently disrupted by renewed incision, secondary cycles of adjustment and the impacts of local geologic, geomorphic and hydraulic conditions. Within the quasi‐full SEM cycles, stages 4 and 5 were sometimes repeated, while stage 6 (quasi‐equilibrium) was sometimes omitted, and stage 8 (anabranching) only occurred in the downstream braided/anabranching reaches. According to the SEM, degradation, widening and lateral activity (stages 4 and 7) are forecast to continue until transverse valley profiles and channel planforms stabilize and floodplain and terrace surfaces are fully colonized by vegetation. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

流域未来洪水风险动因响应关系定性分析方法的研究

流域未来洪水风险的情景分析,涉及到众多自然因素、人为因素以及这些因素之间复杂的相互作用关系。为构建未来洪水风险情景、开展未来预见研究,借鉴英国已有的研究经验,提出了流域未来洪水风险动因响应关系的定性分析方法,该方法有助于清楚地分析洪水灾害系统中各因素之间的关系、各因素影响洪水风险的作用机制,以及它们影响未来洪水风险的趋势。文中以太湖流域为研究对象,通过描述影响流域未来洪水风险的重要因素,建立起各因素之间的洪水风险动因响应关系,并判断了各因素影响未来洪水风险的重要性和不确定程度,从而为研究流域未来洪水风险提供了必要的基础信息。     

浅析福清黄檗山万福寺的营建现状

福清黄檗山万福寺作为日本黄檗宗的祖庭，具有重要的历史价值。通过对福清黄檗山万福寺营建现状的调查，有助于更好地促进福建佛教建筑的保护与研究工作，同时对中日交流史的考证也有一定的积极意义。