引汉济渭工程运行调度模式研究

从引汉济渭工程运行调度的实际需求出发,设计了工程运行调度新模式并集成实现。基于Hadoop搭建工程运行调度大数据服务平台,基于数字地球构建了工程运行调度可视化仿真系统,基于云服务架构建立工程运行调度应用支撑平台,以主题、组件、知识图为牵引建立了工程运行调度应用支撑库,基于数字地球和应用支撑平台构建了工程调配水一体化数字水网,基于平台、数字水网、组件、知识图搭建了工程运行调度主题业务应用,实现了运行调度业务主题化云服务。该模式技术理念先进,应用灵活方便,适用性强,可为工程运行调度提供重要技术支撑,具有良好的应用前景。     

Photoisomerization of antiaggregation pheromone verbenone: Biological and practical implications with respect to the mountain pine beetle,Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins (Coleoptera: Scolytidae)

Release of the antiaggregation pheromone, verbenone, at 3.8 mg/ day from a concentrated source within a multiple-funnel trap completely inhibited response by the mountain pine beetle (MPB),Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins, to attractive semiochemical lures. When aerial applications were simulated and verbenone was released at the same rate from beads lying in a 2×2-m area on the forest floor 15–35 cm below a trap, the response of the MPB was inhibited by only 50%. This reduced inhibition may be explained in part by the photoisomerism of verbenone. When exposed to full sunlight on two occasions, the times required for 50% of verbenone vapors to be converted to chrysanthenone were 75 and 100 min, respectively. Trap and tree-baiting experiments indicated no biological activity of chrysanthenone. Rapid photoisomerization could reduce the concentration of verbenone below biologically active levels and would allow the MPB to colonize trees close to already occupied hosts, contributing to the characteristic clumped distribution of MPB attack. The rate of verbenone photoisomerization may vary according to geographic location, stand elevation and density, and should be considered before verbenone is applied to control the MPB and other bark beetles.     

Continuous wavelet analysis for the detection of green attack damage due to mountain pine beetle infestation

Mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins) is the most destructive insect infesting mature pine forests in North America and has devastated millions of hectares of forest in western Canada. Past studies have demonstrated the use of multispectral imagery for remote identification and mapping of visible or red attack damage in forests. This study aims to detect pre-visual or green attack damage in lodgepole pine needles by means of hyperspectral measurements, particularly via continuous wavelet analysis. Field measurements of lodgepole pine stands were conducted at two sites located northwest of Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. In June and August of 2007, reflectance spectra (350-2500 nm) were collected for 16 pairs of trees. Each of the 16 tree pairs included one control tree (healthy), and one stressed tree (girdled to simulate the effects of beetle infestation). In addition, during the period of June through October 2008, spectra were collected from 15 pairs of control- and beetle-infested trees. Spectra derived from these 31 tree pairs were subjected to a continuous wavelet transform, generating a scalogram that compiles the wavelet power as a function of wavelength location and scale of decomposition. Linear relationships were then explored between the wavelet scalograms and chemical properties or class labels (control and non-control) of the sample populations in order to isolate the most useful distinguishing spectral features that related to infested or girdled trees vs. control trees.A deficit in water content is observed in infested trees while an additional deficit in chlorophyll content is seen for girdled trees. The measurable water deficit of infested and girdled tree samples was detectable from the wavelet analysis of the reflectance spectra providing a novel method for the detection of green attack. The spectral features distinguishing control and infested trees are predominantly located between 950 and 1390 nm from scales 1 to 8. Of those, five features between 1318 to 1322 nm at scale 7 are consistently found in the July and August 2008 datasets. These features are located at longer wavelengths than those investigated in previous studies (below 1100 nm) and provide new insights into the potential remote detection of green attack. Spectral features that distinguish control and girdled trees were mostly observed between 1550 and 2370 nm from scales 1 to 5. The differing response of girdled and infested trees appears to indicate that the girdling process does not provide a perfect simulation of the effects caused by beetle infestation.It remains to be determined if the location of the 1318-1322 nm features, near the edge of a strong atmospheric water absorption band, will be sufficiently separable for use in airborne detection of green attack. A plot comparing needle water content and wavelet power at 1320 nm reveals considerable overlap between data derived from both infested and control samples, though the groups are statistically separable. This obstacle may preclude a high accuracy separation of healthy and infected single individuals, but establishing threshold identification levels may provide an economical, efficient and expeditious method for discriminating between healthy and infested tree populations.     

Impact of orthorectification and spatial sampling on maximum NDVI composite data in mountain regions

Topography and accuracy of image geometric registration significantly affect the quality of satellite data, since pixels are displaced depending on surface elevation and viewing geometry. This effect should be corrected for through the process of accurate image navigation and orthorectification in order to meet the geolocation accuracy for systematic observations specified by the Global Climate Observing System (GCOS) requirements for satellite climate data records. We investigated the impact of orthorectification on the accuracy of maximum Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) composite data for a mountain region in north-western Canada at various spatial resolutions (1 km, 4 km, 5 km, and 8 km). Data from AVHRR on board NOAA-11 (1989 and 1990) and NOAA-16 (2001, 2002, and 2003) processed using a system called CAPS (Canadian AVHRR Processing System) for the month of August were considered. Results demonstrate the significant impact of orthorectification on the quality of composite NDVI data in mountainous terrain. Differences between orthorectified and non-orthorectified NDVI composites (ΔNDVI) adopted both large positive and negative values, with the 1% and 99% percentiles of ΔNDVI at 1 km resolution spanning values between − 0.16 < ΔNDVI < 0.09. Differences were generally reduced to smaller numbers for coarser resolution data, but systematic positive biases for non-orthorectified composites were obtained at all spatial resolutions, ranging from 0.02 (1 km) to 0.004 (8 km). Analyzing the power spectra of maximum NDVI composites at 1 km resolution, large differences between orthorectified and non-orthorectified AVHRR data were identified at spatial scales between 4 km and 10 km. Validation of NOAA-16 AVHRR NDVI with MODIS NDVI composites revealed higher correlation coefficients (by up to 0.1) for orthorectified composites relative to the non-orthorectified case. Uncertainties due to the AVHRR Global Area Coverage (GAC) sampling scheme introduce an average positive bias of 0.02 ± 0.03 at maximum NDVI composite level that translates into an average relative bias of 10.6% ± 19.1 for sparsely vegetated mountain regions. This can at least partially explain the systematic average positive biases we observed relative to our results in AVHRR GAC-based composites from the Global Inventory Modeling and Mapping Studies (GIMMS) and Polar Pathfinder (PPF) datasets (0.19 and 0.05, respectively). With regard to the generation of AVHRR long-term climate data records, results suggest that orthorectification should be an integral part of AVHRR pre-processing, since neglecting the terrain displacement effect may lead to important biases and additional noise in time series at various spatial scales.     

超高密度电法和激电法在河北某地找水实例分析

通过介绍由澳大利亚引进的全新超高密度电法反演系统对河北省行唐县几个村庄的地下水勘查实例,对新兴的超高密度电法与传统的大功率激电测深法相结合的方式在太行山灰岩地区基岩水勘查的应用进行了可行性分析。高密度电法工作效率高、探测速度快,而大功率激电测深法探测精度高。二者有机结合,既可以提高工作效率、又可以互相印证,是一种很好的综合物探地下水勘查模式。通过平行布置电阻率测量剖面的工作方式很好的把控了破碎构造的走向,圈定了富水异常区,并最终取得了很好的勘探效果,实践证明该电法组合的勘探方式在同类地区中进行地下水勘查是很有推广价值的。     

阿拉山口供水工程运行监控 管理系统研究

本文介绍了阿拉山口供水工程运行监控管理系统的建设。该系统通过监测数据判断系统运行状况及对设备的控制,完成了工程运行过程的自动化。在硬件上,采用了中控室、分控室、监测节点的分级结构,使用光纤和无线模式进行数据传输,以采集压力计、水位计、流量计、测沙仪、阀门开度等传感器数据;在软件上,开发了服务器端、客户端的监控程序,实现了数据采集传输、设备控制和信息报警等功能。系统已应用于阿拉山口供水工程实际的运行管理工作中。     

Effect of neighbouring village conditions and infrastructure interdependency on economic opportunity: A case study of the Yogyakarta region,Indonesia

To determine whether the inclusion of conditions in neighbouring villages and infrastructure interdependency are able to improve the performance of infrastructure–economy interaction models, we compare three related and progressive concepts. The first concept defines economic opportunity in a village as a function of available infrastructure within that village. The second concept includes the effect of economic opportunity in neighbouring villages in addition to available infrastructure within the village. In the third concept, we include the interdependency of infrastructures as another factor affecting the potential level of economic development in the village. We use Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) and a Geographic Information System (GIS) to model the first concept, and we add a spatial-lag model for the second. The third model expands on the second by introducing a Sugeno Fuzzy Inference System (FIS) and a rule-based OLS to capture the nature of infrastructure interdependency. The result of the three models is validated by a known spatial distribution of poverty levels and subjective well-being that serve as proxies for economic opportunity in the Yogyakarta region in Indonesia. The results demonstrate that the third model provides a more accurate prediction of the real conditions and performs consistently better than the other two models. We therefore conclude that conditions in neighbouring villages and infrastructure interdependency influence the economic opportunity of a village and should be considered in policy making regarding resource allocation in infrastructure development.     

龙门山盆-山耦合带遥感地质解译

随着晚三叠世龙门山造山带的崛起,四川前陆盆地开始形成。强烈的喜马拉雅运动使龙门山进一步崛起,造就了龙门山与四川前陆盆地的盆-山耦合景观。结合遥感解译与实地调查,发现江油-灌县断裂带控制着前陆盆地的边缘,是一个构造形迹较为复杂的盆-山耦合断裂,由二王庙断裂和香水断裂组成,其主体断裂为二王庙断裂。而在四川前陆盆地西缘的香水断裂是半隐伏乃至全隐伏的盆地基底断裂构造,断裂在江油南西裸露地表且控制盆地边界,但在江油北东到广元则处于隐伏状态。香水断裂对盆地边缘早-中侏罗世盆地沉积相和晚侏罗世-早白垩世所谓＂城墙岩系＂巨厚磨拉石建造的形成均具有较强的控制性。     

丽江西林瓦村纳西聚落美之要素研究

本文以云南丽江西林瓦村纳西聚落为研究对象。通过实地调研、案例分析、归纳总结等方法,分析其选址生聚、街道脉络、院落秩序、建筑造型、细部涵义诸方面对于生态之美、形式之美、生活之美的积极作用,提出院落组织的逻辑有序,因势相宜是纳西聚落之美的核心,是进一步研究和发扬的岀发点.