引汉济渭工程运行调度模式研究

从引汉济渭工程运行调度的实际需求出发,设计了工程运行调度新模式并集成实现。基于Hadoop搭建工程运行调度大数据服务平台,基于数字地球构建了工程运行调度可视化仿真系统,基于云服务架构建立工程运行调度应用支撑平台,以主题、组件、知识图为牵引建立了工程运行调度应用支撑库,基于数字地球和应用支撑平台构建了工程调配水一体化数字水网,基于平台、数字水网、组件、知识图搭建了工程运行调度主题业务应用,实现了运行调度业务主题化云服务。该模式技术理念先进,应用灵活方便,适用性强,可为工程运行调度提供重要技术支撑,具有良好的应用前景。     

试论农村空心村和谐发展的现实路径

随着社会经济的发展和户籍管理制度改革的推进,农村劳动力不断外流,造成了＂空心村＂的大量存在,给农村基层民主建设带来了一系列问题.以苏北部分农村为考察个案,从经济、政治、思想观念三个角度系统分析了农村＂空心村＂形成的原因,阐述了＂空心村＂给农村发展带来的负面影响,探讨了农村＂空心村＂和谐发展的现实路径.     

Photoisomerization of antiaggregation pheromone verbenone: Biological and practical implications with respect to the mountain pine beetle,Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins (Coleoptera: Scolytidae)

Release of the antiaggregation pheromone, verbenone, at 3.8 mg/ day from a concentrated source within a multiple-funnel trap completely inhibited response by the mountain pine beetle (MPB),Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins, to attractive semiochemical lures. When aerial applications were simulated and verbenone was released at the same rate from beads lying in a 2×2-m area on the forest floor 15–35 cm below a trap, the response of the MPB was inhibited by only 50%. This reduced inhibition may be explained in part by the photoisomerism of verbenone. When exposed to full sunlight on two occasions, the times required for 50% of verbenone vapors to be converted to chrysanthenone were 75 and 100 min, respectively. Trap and tree-baiting experiments indicated no biological activity of chrysanthenone. Rapid photoisomerization could reduce the concentration of verbenone below biologically active levels and would allow the MPB to colonize trees close to already occupied hosts, contributing to the characteristic clumped distribution of MPB attack. The rate of verbenone photoisomerization may vary according to geographic location, stand elevation and density, and should be considered before verbenone is applied to control the MPB and other bark beetles.     

从方法论视角解读“乡村治理”研究——兼评《江苏乡村治理发展报告2013》

结合刘祖云教授所著的《江苏乡村治理发展报告》,从方法论视角全面解读中国乡村治理的研究概貌。在研究定位上,经历从"村落"到"乡域"的拓展;在研究范式上,超越"村落社区"的观察视角不断被探索;在研究方法上,主要采用"田野调查"与"个案深描";在研究理路上,主要遵循"个别到一般"逻辑脉络;在研究走向上,应努力建立起中国乡村治理研究的本土化理论体系。     

Continuous wavelet analysis for the detection of green attack damage due to mountain pine beetle infestation

Mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins) is the most destructive insect infesting mature pine forests in North America and has devastated millions of hectares of forest in western Canada. Past studies have demonstrated the use of multispectral imagery for remote identification and mapping of visible or red attack damage in forests. This study aims to detect pre-visual or green attack damage in lodgepole pine needles by means of hyperspectral measurements, particularly via continuous wavelet analysis. Field measurements of lodgepole pine stands were conducted at two sites located northwest of Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. In June and August of 2007, reflectance spectra (350-2500 nm) were collected for 16 pairs of trees. Each of the 16 tree pairs included one control tree (healthy), and one stressed tree (girdled to simulate the effects of beetle infestation). In addition, during the period of June through October 2008, spectra were collected from 15 pairs of control- and beetle-infested trees. Spectra derived from these 31 tree pairs were subjected to a continuous wavelet transform, generating a scalogram that compiles the wavelet power as a function of wavelength location and scale of decomposition. Linear relationships were then explored between the wavelet scalograms and chemical properties or class labels (control and non-control) of the sample populations in order to isolate the most useful distinguishing spectral features that related to infested or girdled trees vs. control trees.A deficit in water content is observed in infested trees while an additional deficit in chlorophyll content is seen for girdled trees. The measurable water deficit of infested and girdled tree samples was detectable from the wavelet analysis of the reflectance spectra providing a novel method for the detection of green attack. The spectral features distinguishing control and infested trees are predominantly located between 950 and 1390 nm from scales 1 to 8. Of those, five features between 1318 to 1322 nm at scale 7 are consistently found in the July and August 2008 datasets. These features are located at longer wavelengths than those investigated in previous studies (below 1100 nm) and provide new insights into the potential remote detection of green attack. Spectral features that distinguish control and girdled trees were mostly observed between 1550 and 2370 nm from scales 1 to 5. The differing response of girdled and infested trees appears to indicate that the girdling process does not provide a perfect simulation of the effects caused by beetle infestation.It remains to be determined if the location of the 1318-1322 nm features, near the edge of a strong atmospheric water absorption band, will be sufficiently separable for use in airborne detection of green attack. A plot comparing needle water content and wavelet power at 1320 nm reveals considerable overlap between data derived from both infested and control samples, though the groups are statistically separable. This obstacle may preclude a high accuracy separation of healthy and infected single individuals, but establishing threshold identification levels may provide an economical, efficient and expeditious method for discriminating between healthy and infested tree populations.     

羌族村落建筑的布局之美

羌族村落的建筑物多采用集中修建的布局形式。始出于防御的需要,在长期与自然相适应的过程中,羌人智慧地处理了人与自然的关系,创造出令人叹为观止的建筑景观,其村落布局具有独特的美学价值。     

Impact of orthorectification and spatial sampling on maximum NDVI composite data in mountain regions

Topography and accuracy of image geometric registration significantly affect the quality of satellite data, since pixels are displaced depending on surface elevation and viewing geometry. This effect should be corrected for through the process of accurate image navigation and orthorectification in order to meet the geolocation accuracy for systematic observations specified by the Global Climate Observing System (GCOS) requirements for satellite climate data records. We investigated the impact of orthorectification on the accuracy of maximum Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) composite data for a mountain region in north-western Canada at various spatial resolutions (1 km, 4 km, 5 km, and 8 km). Data from AVHRR on board NOAA-11 (1989 and 1990) and NOAA-16 (2001, 2002, and 2003) processed using a system called CAPS (Canadian AVHRR Processing System) for the month of August were considered. Results demonstrate the significant impact of orthorectification on the quality of composite NDVI data in mountainous terrain. Differences between orthorectified and non-orthorectified NDVI composites (ΔNDVI) adopted both large positive and negative values, with the 1% and 99% percentiles of ΔNDVI at 1 km resolution spanning values between − 0.16 < ΔNDVI < 0.09. Differences were generally reduced to smaller numbers for coarser resolution data, but systematic positive biases for non-orthorectified composites were obtained at all spatial resolutions, ranging from 0.02 (1 km) to 0.004 (8 km). Analyzing the power spectra of maximum NDVI composites at 1 km resolution, large differences between orthorectified and non-orthorectified AVHRR data were identified at spatial scales between 4 km and 10 km. Validation of NOAA-16 AVHRR NDVI with MODIS NDVI composites revealed higher correlation coefficients (by up to 0.1) for orthorectified composites relative to the non-orthorectified case. Uncertainties due to the AVHRR Global Area Coverage (GAC) sampling scheme introduce an average positive bias of 0.02 ± 0.03 at maximum NDVI composite level that translates into an average relative bias of 10.6% ± 19.1 for sparsely vegetated mountain regions. This can at least partially explain the systematic average positive biases we observed relative to our results in AVHRR GAC-based composites from the Global Inventory Modeling and Mapping Studies (GIMMS) and Polar Pathfinder (PPF) datasets (0.19 and 0.05, respectively). With regard to the generation of AVHRR long-term climate data records, results suggest that orthorectification should be an integral part of AVHRR pre-processing, since neglecting the terrain displacement effect may lead to important biases and additional noise in time series at various spatial scales.     

超高密度电法和激电法在河北某地找水实例分析

通过介绍由澳大利亚引进的全新超高密度电法反演系统对河北省行唐县几个村庄的地下水勘查实例,对新兴的超高密度电法与传统的大功率激电测深法相结合的方式在太行山灰岩地区基岩水勘查的应用进行了可行性分析。高密度电法工作效率高、探测速度快,而大功率激电测深法探测精度高。二者有机结合,既可以提高工作效率、又可以互相印证,是一种很好的综合物探地下水勘查模式。通过平行布置电阻率测量剖面的工作方式很好的把控了破碎构造的走向,圈定了富水异常区,并最终取得了很好的勘探效果,实践证明该电法组合的勘探方式在同类地区中进行地下水勘查是很有推广价值的。     

阿拉山口供水工程运行监控 管理系统研究

本文介绍了阿拉山口供水工程运行监控管理系统的建设。该系统通过监测数据判断系统运行状况及对设备的控制,完成了工程运行过程的自动化。在硬件上,采用了中控室、分控室、监测节点的分级结构,使用光纤和无线模式进行数据传输,以采集压力计、水位计、流量计、测沙仪、阀门开度等传感器数据;在软件上,开发了服务器端、客户端的监控程序,实现了数据采集传输、设备控制和信息报警等功能。系统已应用于阿拉山口供水工程实际的运行管理工作中。