莫桑比克前寒武纪地质与成矿特征

莫桑比克作为全球重要的前寒武纪变质单元之一,是冈瓦纳古陆重要的组成部分。对其基础地质研究过程从19世纪初至今主要经历了4个阶段,本世纪初至今新理论和新方法的应用使得其基础地质研究得到飞跃发展。莫桑比克的前寒武纪地质单元可划分为津巴布韦-马尼卡克拉通基底、莫桑比克构造带及伊鲁米德构造带3个部分,其每部分又可进一步细分不同的构造单元(细化)。结合地质特征及矿产分布情况明确了莫桑比克的优势矿产资源为天然气、煤、钛、金、钽及石墨等矿种。莫桑比克可划分为北赞比西河成矿省、津巴布韦克拉通边界-巴鲁埃杂岩成矿省、乌南戈-利欣加成矿省、莫桑比克带-鲁伍马-赞比西成矿带省等四大成矿省和21个具有找矿前景的多金属成矿远景区。本文详细地划分了莫桑比克前寒武纪重要成矿区带并分析其成矿地质条件,结合近年来的矿产勘查工作认识,系统梳理了莫桑比克前寒武纪重要成矿区带的成矿条件和规律,重点总结了优势矿种的成矿特征,为莫桑比克矿业投资提供参考,并针对开展莫桑比克重要战略矿产的投资提供依据。     

Cahora Bassa and Tete Province (Mozambique): A great potential for an industrial hub in Southern Africa

Mozambique is host to the great Zambezi River Basin and the World Famous Cahora Bassa power plant that generates some 13,000 GWh annually. The bulk of this energy (85%) is exported but the revenue raised does not appear to have any appreciable impact on the host economy. Moreover it is estimated that a further 10% of the generated energy is lost along the 1414 km long transmission line to South Africa. So quite evidently, Mozambique would benefit more if its energy were utilized by locally based industry. This would also save on the losses that are currently incurred during regional transmission. In this paper the authors visit Tete, the Mozambican Province that hosts the Zambezi Basin. They examine its natural and human resources. They observe that its strategic location gives it easy access to regional markets. They also hold interviews with a number of administrators in the Province. Finally, they conclude that Tete is uniquely advantaged to develop into the next regional industrial hub for the Southern African region. This would also greatly add value to the local resources. To realize this dream will require, conviction supported by strong and timely political commitment as well as hard work. Current trends towards integrated regional trading blocks will provide an even easier access to potential markets and human skills pools.     

Biofuel developments in Mozambique. Update and analysis of policy,potential and reality

Climate change, rising oil prices and concerns about future energy supplies have contributed to a growing interest in using biomass for energy purposes. Several studies have highlighted the biophysical potential of biofuel production on the African continent, and analysts see Mozambique as one of the most promising African countries. Favorable growing conditions and the availability of land, water and labor are mentioned as major drivers behind this potential. Moreover, the potential of biofuel production to generate socio-economic benefits is reflected in the government’s policy objectives for the development of the sector, such as reducing fuel import dependency and creating rural employment. This article provides an overview of biofuel developments in Mozambique and explores to what extent reality matches the suggested potential in the country.     

Theory and application of Agricultural Innovation Platforms for improved irrigation scheme management in Southern Africa

Abstract

Many small-scale irrigation systems are characterized by low yields and deteriorating infrastructure. Interventions often erroneously focus on increasing yields and rehabilitating infrastructure. Small-scale irrigation systems have many of the characteristics of complex socio-ecological systems, with many different actors and numerous interconnected subsystems. However, the limited interaction between the different subsystems and their agents prevents learning and the emergence of more beneficial outcomes. This article reports on using Agricultural Innovation Platforms to create an environment in which irrigation scheme actors can engage, experiment, learn and build adaptive capacity to increase market-related offtake and move out of poverty.     

Analyzing the problem of unsustainable health information systems in less-developed economies: Case studies from Tanzania and Mozambique

Most of donor-supported information technology (IT)–based projects developed or implemented in less-developed economies (LDEs) end up as complete or partial failures or unsustainable. Notably, a number of intra-organizational and external factors are associated with this problem, including inadequate infrastructure and human resource capacity, fragmented donor policy, and lack of policies to manage the sustainability problem. Accordingly, IT initiatives are often donor-driven, top-down, and hijacked by top managers who (normally) do not have adequate skills, but have enormous power to enforce such initiatives across organizational hierarchies.

In analyzing the concepts from sustainability and institutionalization, key insights towards a better understanding of the problem of unsustainability are developed. It is argued that health information systems (HISs) become sustainable if they are institutionalized in the sense of being integrated into the everyday routine of the user organization. However, a sustainable HIS should also be flexible enough to allow changes as the user needs change. Moreover, introduction of a new HIS is not only a technical change, but requires the cultivation and institutionalization of a new kind of culture.

Through a comparative case analysis of the HIS development and implementation processes in Tanzania and Mozambique, we have identified two sets of relationships, between the Ministry of Health (MoH) and donor agencies and between the MoH and software development agencies as critical and contributing factors to the unsustainability of a HIS. Given this setting, we highlight three key strategies for dealing with the problem of unsustainability in LDEs: (a) integration of a HIS, (b) local shaping of new cultures, and (c) cultivation approach to systems development. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

HIV/AIDS reporting systems in Mozambique: The theoretical and empirical challenges of “representations”

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome is a disease with profound effects on the global society, as it affects individual lives, communities, societies, and even nations. As governments try to gear up on the war against this pandemic, an issue of importance pertains to the use of information systems. The systems are used to collect data on the prevalence of the disease, and analyze and transmit the data from the lower levels of the health administration where the testing is done to the higher levels of national policy making where different kinds of interventions are designed. In this article, we argue that the manner in which the representation of the disease is constructed is an important area of concern as it shapes the picture of the disease prevalence and influences how these statistics then get used for the planning of interventions such as supplying drugs and pro-health campaigns. Drawing from the domain of Science and Technology Studies (STS), with a focus on Bruno Latour's (1999) ideas of “circulating reference” we first develop the theoretical notion of representation, and then apply it to an empirical analysis of the reporting systems, both paper- and computer-based, of HIV/AIDS in Mozambique. The successive movements of information about HIV/AIDS prevalence across the various administrative levels are seen as translations that are being constructed through the communication and work practices of the health care workers at different levels, and are shaped by the political interests of the different stakeholders involved, including international agencies and national health authorities. Latour's notion of circulating reference is drawn upon to analyze the question of what is lost, what is gained, and what remains invariant through the successive stages of translation in the construction and use of the representation. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Design and installation of a decentralized drinking water system based on ultrafiltration in Mozambique

Access to drinking water is a human right that has turned into an international aim included in the Millennium Development Goals. However, at present, more than 1 billion people live with no access to drinking water, especially in developing countries. Particularly, in Mozambique, where this work has been performed, 43% of the population can only access to improved water sources and 32% of the population live with access to improved sanitation. Main reasons that explain lack of drinking water in developing countries are: absence of proper infrastructures and chemicals, deteriorated distribution network or interrupted service that encourages stagnancy of water and growth of pathogens.The AQUAPOT project was developed in Polytechnic University of Valencia (Spain), and it is intended for the installation of decentralized drinking water systems based on membrane technologies as an alternative of the current water management in developing areas. At present, this project is being satisfactorily applied in rural areas of Ecuador (South America) and Mozambique (Africa). This work describes the evaluation of drinking water system, main characteristics of the UF-purification plant placed at Ressano Garcia (Mozambique), and assesses the main results obtained since the plant is working from the point of view of membrane performance and drinking water quality.     

莫桑比克Kazuzu地区金矿地质特征及找矿方向初探

莫桑比克楠普拉省Kazuzu地区为上利哥尼亚(Alto Ligonha)伟晶岩金矿带重要金矿富集区之一,金矿体主要赋存于中元古界玛玛拉岩组和莫罗奎岩组的变质岩中,矿石类型为石英脉型、钾长石—石英脉型、石英网脉型,区内金矿体基本平行或小角度斜切片麻理,主成矿期为泛非期。本文在区域地质背景研究、矿体地质特征、控矿因素和找矿标志分析的基础上,结合区内地球物理特征和室内综合研究,认为高阻—高极化异常区JD-1异常区和JD-3异常区为本区下步找矿重点区域,找矿潜力很大。本文旨在对Kazuzu地区金矿床地质特征和成矿规律研究,实现金矿床找矿突破,以期为国内矿业企事业单位赴莫桑比克开展矿业投资和开发提供依据。     

莫桑比克某重砂矿选冶流程样品中钛和铬的联合测定

采用硫酸高铁铵滴定法测定钛时,铬的存在会干扰测定。莫桑比克某重砂矿选冶流程样品中含有铬,在采用硫酸高铁铵滴定法测定钛时,需先分离铬。实验以过氧化钠碱熔处理样品,而后将冷却后的坩埚放入盛有100~150mL水的300mL烧杯中,将烧杯置于高温电炉上煮沸5~8min以溶解熔融物并除尽过氧化氢,此时钛以氢氧化钛形式存在于沉淀中,铬以铬酸根形式存在于溶液中。经过滤分离后,铬存在于滤液中,后续以苯代邻氨基苯甲酸为指示剂,采用硫酸亚铁铵滴定法进行测定;钛存在于滤纸上的沉淀中,先依次用热盐酸(1+1)和水洗入锥形瓶中,而后以硫氰酸钾为指示剂,采用硫酸高铁铵滴定法进行测定。对铬干扰钛测定的机理进行了研究和讨论,分析认为可能是因为在钛的测定过程中生成了二价铬,从而消耗了硫酸高铁铵标准溶液进而影响了对钛的测定。将实验方法用于标准样品及1组焙烧磁选后的精矿(6-6-1精)和尾矿(6-6-1尾)中二氧化钛和三氧化二铬的测定,二氧化钛测定值与认定值相符,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=7)为0.082%~0.81%;三氧化二铬测定值与认定值及无过滤分离步骤的硫酸亚铁铵滴定法测定值均相符,相对标准偏差(n=7)为0.25%~1.79%。     

Space for innovation for sustainable community-based biofuel production and use: Lessons learned for policy from Nhambita community,Mozambique

This paper provides insights and recommendations for policy on the opportunities and constrains that influence the space for innovation for sustainable community-based biofuel production and use. Promoted by the Mozambican government, Nhambita community established jatropha trials in 2005. Initial results were promising, but crop failure and the absence of organized markets led to scepticism amongst farmers.