儿童游乐场所的设计目标与创意

针对目前儿童游乐场的设计现状,设计师普遍存在的态度、观念和思路等问题,提出新的发展观念。通过对儿童喜欢的动画片的成功方式进行分析,总结各个年龄段儿童的特点、喜好、心理活动和行为方式,力图在不断理解儿童游戏特点的过程中探寻游戏的意义,找到能够给孩子们的成长带来积极影响的主题创意。通过一些实例提出摆脱目前贫乏无趣的游戏场模式,从而实现为儿童快乐生活和健康成长而创作的目标,设计出满足儿童需要的作品。     

冒险游戏场的起源、实例与启示

游戏是儿童成长中不可或缺的部分,儿童友好城市的重要硬件措施是建设儿童游戏据点。冒险游戏场作为代表性场所,在治愈儿童心理问题、培养儿童责任感、激发儿童危机意识和自我保护技能等方面发挥了重要作用。冒险游戏场在国外已有70余年的实践历史,但我国对冒险游戏场的研究尚处于初级阶段,在实践方面仍属空白。本文从剖析冒险游戏场的起源与核心思想入手,重点围绕欧美和日本的发展背景,对其发展历史进行系统梳理,再深入解读"常设"和"非常设"的三个典型案例,总结出设计理念"自由化"、空间要素"自然化"、场所运营"专业化"三个关键启示,为我国儿童公共空间的研究提供借鉴和参考。     

城市儿童公共空间 —广州俄罗斯方块商业广场景观设计

Tetris Square is a commercial plaza located in a corner of a large mixed-use development in Tianhe District, Guangzhou. Designers treated the site as an urban public space rather than a commercial place simply for children play, with focus on younger users and core families. Landscape architects attempt to respond to a series of community demands with a smarter proposal. Instead of a direct use of finished play equipment, designers create many flexible spaces for diverse play experience, and “hide” a grove by integrating it into the play facilities, which introduces an urban oasis attracting more visitors to the square. This does not follow the conventional design principle of commercial spaces which is to plant as few trees as possible for a maximum storefront display. The grid modules of squares make facility fabrication and installation much easier, helping save the costs and ensure the construction quality. Assembled precast concrete outdoor furniture was used extensively in the whole complex. Landscape architects designed only two basic precast concrete modules, which could be assembled into more than twenty combinations. Now Tetris Square is an urban playground for children and their parents, as well as a public space for other residents in adjacent communities. The project provides children with fun and happiness through user-friendly and naturalized design, encouraging children’s cognitive learning from the external world, and simulating their imagination and creativity in play.     

儿童游戏场所的规划设计理论

从诸多方面对儿童游戏场空间进行了综合的阐述,即从儿童对户外空间的本能需求,到生活群体至生活空间,最后还从社会经济条件和自然条件的基础上,如何建立起一套完整、客观的儿童户外活动、游戏场所空间的规划设计的理论体系,提出了作者的见解和多年的研究成果,奠定了作者在此领域的主宰地位,并成为此后从事这方面专门研究的理论基础。     

Fences of childhood: Challenging the meaning of playground boundaries in design

Scholars have criticized the capacity of playgrounds to support children's participation in public life. Fences of childhood, such as walls, fences, and enclosures, dominate children's “public” spatial experiences in the global north. Challenging well-established critiques of the fenced playground as a space that segregates and controls childhood experiences, this study offers a novel and nuanced perspective, emphasizing the qualities of the playground fence that support play and playful connections, on, through, and around it. Employing an ethnographic methodology, this study includes 167h of observations in three typical urban public playgrounds in Greece and 65 semi-structured interviews with 124 participants. Drawing on recursive thematic qualitative analysis, the fence emerges as a blurred boundary, that is, an element that transgresses assumptions and questions spatial classifications and hierarchies. Rarely the subject of design discourse, these findings are particularly significant in design disciplines globally and offer new understandings on the possibilities afforded by the playground fence. Emergent themes, namely, indeterminacy, climbabilty, playability, and porosity, are proposed as principles to guide fenced playground design as part of a fundamental reconceptualization. This reconceptualization positions the fenced playground as a public space infrastructure, supporting intergenerational interaction and play as well as children's presence and play in the public realm.     

城市居住小区中户外游戏场地设计浅析--以沈阳市浑南新区"河畔新城"小区为例

城市居住小区中的户外游戏场地不仅为儿童的户外游戏提供场所,为儿童间的交流提供机会,而且还可以增加社区的活力,改善城市环境.在查阅了3方面的文献:物理环境对于儿童成长的影响、户外游戏场地的益处以及城市居住小区中室外环境重要性的基础上,以辽宁省沈阳市浑南新区"河畔新城"小区中的儿童游戏场地为例,提出了城市居住小区中户外游戏场地设计的一些建议.     

活动场地中环境因子多样化对儿童体力活动的影响

城市中儿童户外活动场地缺少对儿 童需求的考虑,千篇一律且人工化痕迹过重 限制了儿童的体力活动水平。已有研究论证 了活动场地中自然环境因子对儿童体力活动 的积极影响,但对自然与人工因子结合影响 儿童体力活动的研究却仍匮乏。本研究选取 了自然实验法、绘画法和访谈法,对比分析了 64名5.5至6.5岁儿童在环境因子多样化与单一 化的场地中的体力活动水平、社会交往和感 知特征差异。研究结果显示：首先,活动场地 中环境因子多样化在活动时间、强度、能量 消耗和活动类型上促进了儿童的体力活动水 平;其次,环境因子多样化对儿童体力活动的 促进是系统性的,受社交行为与感知影响; 最后,环境因子多样化能提高儿童的活动质 量。研究结果可为城市儿童活动场地建设提 供参考。     

日本儿童室外游戏空间研究及实践

营造儿童友好型社会,给人们良好的育儿环境,已经成为全社会不得不面临的问题。从儿童视角出发,分析日本社会儿童成长发育环境的特征,为儿童提供适合的室外游戏活动空间,以解决社会问题,创造适于儿童健康成长与教育的环境等方面的问题,进行了诸如"森林幼儿园"等以自然为游戏空间的探索,更从国家层面对于儿童友好型环境的设计规划提出"十二条基本原则"等方针政策。考虑中国经济发展阶段和社会现状,与日本存在差距的同时也存在发展路径上的历史相似性,日本体验自然儿童游戏空间的建设为中国儿童游戏空间的营造和儿童教育提供了宝贵的经验参考。     

用AE打造逼真的“文字流星雨”特效

电视片头和广告中经常看到出现下落的流星雨效果,它能够起到活跃气氛,加强节奏的作用.在此,我们用AE的Particle Playground制作这种效果,操作简单,无须任何插件.