首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
文章检索
  按 检索   检索词:      
出版年份:   被引次数:   他引次数: 提示:输入*表示无穷大
  收费全文   329997篇
  免费   24108篇
  国内免费   11431篇
电工技术   20957篇
技术理论   88篇
综合类   45067篇
化学工业   32003篇
金属工艺   11361篇
机械仪表   17316篇
建筑科学   53997篇
矿业工程   17937篇
能源动力   9594篇
轻工业   18104篇
水利工程   17461篇
石油天然气   13877篇
武器工业   2817篇
无线电   21341篇
一般工业技术   22164篇
冶金工业   17521篇
原子能技术   3084篇
自动化技术   40847篇
  2025年   1860篇
  2024年   4748篇
  2023年   4797篇
  2022年   6429篇
  2021年   7526篇
  2020年   8156篇
  2019年   6917篇
  2018年   6216篇
  2017年   7435篇
  2016年   8749篇
  2015年   9945篇
  2014年   19212篇
  2013年   16449篇
  2012年   21257篇
  2011年   22378篇
  2010年   17992篇
  2009年   18868篇
  2008年   17630篇
  2007年   22494篇
  2006年   21209篇
  2005年   18406篇
  2004年   15506篇
  2003年   13930篇
  2002年   11379篇
  2001年   9663篇
  2000年   8102篇
  1999年   6551篇
  1998年   4831篇
  1997年   4200篇
  1996年   3889篇
  1995年   3285篇
  1994年   2923篇
  1993年   2204篇
  1992年   1941篇
  1991年   1437篇
  1990年   1277篇
  1989年   1123篇
  1988年   889篇
  1987年   622篇
  1986年   472篇
  1985年   412篇
  1984年   390篇
  1983年   283篇
  1982年   231篇
  1981年   191篇
  1980年   154篇
  1979年   123篇
  1978年   70篇
  1977年   75篇
  1975年   67篇
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
1.
The problem of operating freeze drying of pharmaceutical products in vials placed in trays of a freeze dryer to remove free water (in frozen state) at a minimum time was formulated as an optimal control problem. Two different types of freeze dryer designs were considered. In type I freeze dryer design, upper and lower plate temperatures were controlled together, while in type II freeze dryer design, upper and lower plate temperatures were controlled independently. The heat input to the material being dried and the drying chamber pressure were considered as control variables. Constraints were placed on the system state variables by the melting and scorch temperatures during primary drying stage. Necessary conditions of optimality for the primary drying stage of freeze drying process in vials are derived and presented. Furthermore, an approach for constructing the optimal control policies that would minimize the drying time for the primary drying stage was given. In order to analyze optimal control policy for the primary drying stage of the freeze-drying process in vials, a rigorous multi-dimensional unsteady state mathematical model was used. The theoretical approach presented in this work was applied in the freeze drying of skim milk. Significant reductions in the drying times of primary drying stage of freeze drying process in vials were obtained, as compared to the drying times obtained from conventional operational policies.  相似文献   
2.
湖南出土的楚汉丝织品,以马王堆一、三号汉墓所出为代表,其色彩反映了我国当时印染工艺技术所达到的高度水平,其纹饰则显示了鲜明的时代特征,表现了运动、气势和古拙的艺术风格,充满着神奇浪漫的色彩。  相似文献   
3.
The earliest investigations on rubber elasticity, commencing in the 19th century, were necessarily limited to phenomenological interpretations. The realisation that polymers consist of very long molecular chains. commencing c. 1930, gave impetus to the molecular theory of rubber elasticity (1932-). according to which the high deformability of an elastomer, and the elastic force generated by deformation, stem from the configurations accessible to long molecular chains. Theories of rubber elasticity put forward from 1934-1946 relied on the assumption that the junctions of the rubber network undergo displacements that are affine in macroscopic strain. The theory of James and Guth (1947) dispensed with this premise, and demonstrated instead that the mean positions of the junctions of a ‘phantom’ network consisting of Gaussian chains devoid of material properties are affine in the strain. The vital significance of the distinction between the actual distribution of chain vectors in a network and their distribution if the junctions would be fixed at their mean positions went unnoticed for nearly 30 years. Experimental investigations, commencing with the incisive work of Gee in 1946. revealed large departures from the relationship of stress to strain predicted by the theories cited. This discrepancy prompted extensive studies, theoretical and experimental, during succeeding years. Inquiry into the fundamentals of polymer networks, formed for example by interlinking very long polymer molecules, exposed the need to take account of network imperfections, typically consisting of chains attached at only one end to a network junction. Various means were advocated to make corrections for these imperfections. The cycle rank ζ of the network has been shown (1976) to be the fundamental measure of its connectivity, regardless of the junction functionality and pattern of imperfections. Often overlooked is the copious interpenetration of the chains comprising typical elastomeric networks. Theories that attempt to represent such networks on a lattice are incompatible with this universal feature. Moreover, the dense interpenetration of chains may limit the ability of junctions in real networks to accommodate the fluctuations envisaged in the theory of phantom networks. It was suggested in 1975 that departures from the form predicted for the elastic equation of state are due to constraints on the fluctuations of junctions whose effect diminishes with deformation and with dilation. Formulation of a self-consistent theory based on this suggestion required recognition of the non-affine connection between the chain vector distribution function and the macroscopic strain in a real network, which may partake of characteristics of a phantom network in some degree. Implementation of the idea was achieved through postulation of domains of constraint affecting the equilibrium distribution of fluctuations of network junctions from their mean positions. This led in due course to a theory that accounts for the relationship of stress to strain virtually throughout the ranges of strain accessible to measurement. The theory establishes connections between structure and elastic properties. This is achieved with utmost frugality in arbitrary parameters.  相似文献   
4.
From chloromethylated polyimide, a useful starting material for modification of aromatic polyimides, a thermocurable transparent polyimide having acrylate side groups was prepared. In the presence of 1,8‐diazabicyclo[5,4,0]undec‐7‐ene, chloromethylated polyimide was esterified with acrylic acid to synthesize poly(imide methylene acrylate). The polymer was soluble in organic solvent, which makes it possible to prepare a planar film by spin coating. The polymer film became insoluble after thermal treatment at 230 °C for 30 min. Optical transparency of the film at 400 nm (for 1 µm thickness) was higher than 98 % and not affected by further heating at 230 °C for 250 min. Adhesion properties measured by the ASTM D3359‐B method ranged from 4B to 5B. Preliminary results of planarization testing showed a high degree of planarization (DOP) value (>0.53). These properties demonstrate that poly(imide methylene acrylate) could be utilized as a thermocurable transparent material in fabricating display devices such as TFT‐LCD. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry  相似文献   
5.
Deciding between the different policy approaches available for reducing human exposures to indoor pollutants is an exceptionally complex task. These options can range from waiting until more definitive information is available to enacting regulatory standards, with many variations in between. This paper presents some of the factors policy-makers must consider in establishing indoor air quality policies, and the role researchers should play in ensuring that indoor air policies are based on the best available scientific information.  相似文献   
6.
Exchange and oxidation of C16O were investigated at 450°C on 18O-predosed Rh and Pt catalysts supported on A12O3, CeO2 and CeO2-Al2O3. In all cases, a rapid exchange of C16O with the surface can be observed. CO oxidation leads to C16O2, C16O18O and C18O2. Significant formation of C16O2 is due to the relatively high 16O coverage in reaction resulting from the C16O exchange and from an exchange between O surface species and 16O internal atoms. Hydrogen is also formed via a water-gas shift reaction (CO + surface OH) in higher proportion on CeO2-containing catalysts than on A12O3. Chlorine inhibits all the reactions (exchange, oxidation and WGS) and particularly the internal exchange.  相似文献   
7.
8.
回顾了体制、制度的改革和科学技术的发展给十局带来的巨大变化,就十局当前改革任务从理顺产权关系、进一步完善内部治理结构、继续深化三项制度改革、实施科教兴局战略等四个方面提出了看法和意见。  相似文献   
9.
10.
设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号