A computational approach to nutrition science reveals the dynamics of the protein content of human milk

To study the computational aspects of collecting available data in a systematically organized database is becoming a matter of urgency in Nutrition & Food Science. Indeed, major projects on developing big datasets have attempted to fill this gap, but so far with limitations on important facets of food composition such as its temporal variation and uncertainty quantification. The need for methodological data processing, from data acquisition, digital storage, statistics and visualization, via pattern recognition and modelling to prediction and optimization is key to make objective and knowledge-based decisions on scientific and technological issues for food industry, academy and regulation. This study aims to demonstrate the use of a recently developed database on the composition of human milk, the first and easily the most complex food in one's life. We show that the purpose-built ontology of the database, with novelties like considering the food composition as a temporal and stochastic response, can help to recognize patterns in the variation of its protein content.Industrial relevance textThis study highlights the need (i) for introducing ISO-like standards how to digitize food composition data; (ii) for computational methods to explore and utilize such databases to their full potentials.     

Reformate-enriched gasoline-ethanol blends: Volatility criteria and azeotrope formation

Four hydrocarbon-base gasolines (BG) were formulated from the local refinery streams; isomerate, reformate, and light naphtha. The formulations were enriched in reformate. Each of these BG formulations was blended with 10 vol% of anhydrous ethanol. From ASTM-D86 distillation data, eight distillation curves were constructed and the trend line equations of these distillation curves were developed. Also, the area under each distillation curve (AUDC) was calculated through calculus definite integration technique. Subsequently, the area due to azeotrope formation (ADAF) for each BG-ethanol blend was estimated. In this paper, the influence of increasing reformate proportions on the created positive azeotrope, was studied. Also the influence of increasing reformate proportions on vapor pressure, Temperature for the vapor-liquid ratio of 20, T50 and octane number was studied. The results show that the R² values of the distillation curve equations prove the reliability of the fits. Also, increasing reformate proportion in the fuel blend improves the octane number while increasing reformate proportion decreases the volatility of the fuel formulation.     

有轨电车车载储能系统研究

有轨电车车载储能系统是当前的业内热点。对有轨电车车载储能系统进行了研究,分析了有轨电车车载储能系统的容量配置、拓扑结构选择,论述了有轨电车车载储能系统的能量管理策略,并介绍了有轨电车车载储能系统的应用情况。     

二级剪叉式液压升降机液压缸布置方式研究

分析了二级剪叉式液压升降机的三种主要布置方式,以及液压缸倾斜布置时的三种液压缸安装位置方案。对于其中的一种方案,应用虚位移原理计算求解液压缸推力,并以液压缸推力最小为目标建立优化设计数学模型,通过MATLAB软件得到液压缸推力最小时的液压缸安装位置。通过研究液压缸布置方式,提高了二级剪叉式液压升降机的设计效率和传动质量。     

AlF3-modified LiCoPO4 for an advanced cathode towards high energy lithium-ion battery

Surface-interface reaction between the electrode and electrolyte plays a key role in lithium-ion storage properties, especially for high voltage cathode such as LiCoPO₄ and Ni-riched cathode. Generally, surface modification is an effective method to improve the electrochemical performance of electrode materials. Herein, in order to revise the LiCoPO₄ cathode with desirable properties, uniform AlF₃-modified LiCoPO₄ (LiCoPO₄@AlF₃) cathode materials in nano-sized distribution are synthesized. XRD result indicates that there is no structural transformation observed after AlF₃ coating. TEM characterization and XPS analysis reveal that the surface of LiCoPO₄ particle is coated by a nano-sized uniform AlF₃ layer. Further, the electrochemical results indicate that AlF₃ layer significantly improves the cycling and rate performances of LiCoPO₄ cathode within the voltage range of 3.0–5.0 V. After a series of optimization, 4 mol% AlF₃-coated LiCoPO₄ material exhibits the best properties including an initial discharge capacity of 159 mA h g^?1 at 0.1 C with 91% capacity retention after 50 cycles, especially a discharge capacity of 90 mA h g^?1 can be obtained at 1 C rate. CV curves indicate that the polarization of cathode is reduced by AlF₃ layer and EIS curves reveal that AlF₃ layer relieves the increase of resistance to facilitate Li-ion transfer at the interface between electrode and electrolyte during the cycling process. The enhanced electrochemical performances are attributed to that the AlF₃ layer can stabilize the interface between the cathode and electrolyte, form steady SEI film and suppress the electrolyte continuous decomposition at 5 V high voltages. This feasible strategy and novel characteristics of LiCoPO₄@AlF₃ could promise the prospective applications in the stat-art of special lithium-ion battery with high energy and/or power density.     

土壤中石油污染物的脱附过程

文章中主要采用有机溶剂萃取法（OSE）对高浓度石油污染土壤进行修复，经过精馏操作，有效回收原油，建立脱附等温曲线，研究了石油污染物在土壤-有机溶剂两相间的迁移规律。     

Grain boundary segregation and its influences on ionic conduction properties of scandia doped zirconia electrolytes

Solid oxide fuel cell is a promising energy conversion system which converts chemical energy into electrical energy directly. Electrolyte is the key component and determines the working temperature. In this paper,ceria and scandia co-doped zirconia electrolytes sintered from 1300 to 1550 ℃ were chosen as research objects. Scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy were performed to characterize the ceramic samples. The effects of grain size and grain boundary element segregation on the electrical conductivity were focused. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was used to calculate the bulk, grain boundary and specific grain boundary conductivity. Results show that the bulk and grain boundary ionic conductivity increases with the increasing grain size.However, the specific grain boundary conductivity decreases with the increasing grain size. This is explained by the fact that Sc~(3+) is segregated at the grain boundary, which leads to higher oxygen vacancy concentration when sintered at lower temperature.     

重庆市药物临床试验机构现状分析及地区性机构体系构建的思考

目的：重庆市具有丰富的医药产业底蕴和极佳的医疗资源，在我国药品注册审评制度改革紧密推进和重庆市大力发展生物医药产业的大背景下，本课题从对重庆市药物临床试验机构（以下简称机构）管理人员调研的角度入手，旨在明确重庆市机构建设现状与问题，探讨可行的创新发展对策。方法：本研究对我市20家有药物临床试验资质机构的54位管理人员问卷数据进行统计；并通过比对相应的公共数据，系统分析我市机构建设水平。结果：问卷分析显示，我市机构仍以传统GCP架构模式为主；以承担国内企业项目为主（90.00%），65.00%的机构近三年承接项目总数在40项以下；机构管理者多数从事机构相关工作的工作年限多在6年以内（79.59%），且仍有部分机构管理者未接受系统的培训；对公共数据调查分析显示，截至2019年5月底，我市机构总数目为22家，自2017年7月22日以来承接在Clinical Trails注册的在研项目数为81项，远低于机构工作开展较好的城市（北京：61家，433项；上海：53家，326项）。结论：重庆市机构建设水平亟待提高，应整合全市临床研究资源，构建区域化的药物临床试验机构体系，加速重庆市医药产业的创新发展。     

山茶籽油真实属性鉴别方法研究进展

山茶籽油是一种纯天然高级食用植物油,富含油酸、亚油酸等功能性成分,具有抗衰老、提高免疫力、预防肥胖等作用。近年山茶籽油因其具有极高的营养价值,备受人们关注。然而,一些不法商贩为了谋取利益,在山茶籽油中掺入低价食用油欺骗消费者,扰乱其市场秩序。因此,为了保障消费者的合法权益和山茶籽油的良性发展,研究者必须采用相应的检测方法鉴别其真实属性。本文综述各类检测方法在鉴别山茶籽油真实属性中的应用现状,如理化分析法、光谱法、色谱法、电子鼻技术等,并根据当前鉴别方法存在的缺陷,对未来分析山茶籽油真实属性的研究趋势进行展望,旨在为食用植物油的掺杂掺假检测提供理论参考。